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Phase
II randomized clinical trial of lycopene supplementation before radical
prostatectomy
Kucuk
O, Sarkar FH, Sakr W, Djuric Z, Pollak MN, Khachik F, Li YW, Banerjee M, Grignon
D, Bertram JS, Crissman JD, Pontes EJ, Wood DP Jr
Division
of Hematology and Oncology, Wayne State University, and Barbara Ann Karmanos
Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. kucuko@karmanos.org
An
inverse association has been observed between dietary intake of lycopene and the
risk of prostate cancer.
We investigated the effects of lycopene supplementation in patients with
prostate cancer.
Twenty-six men with newly diagnosed, clinically localized (14 T(1) and 12 T(2))
prostate cancer were randomly assigned to receive 15 mg of lycopene (n = 15)
twice daily or no supplementation (n = 11) for 3 weeks before radical
prostatectomy. Biomarkers of differentiation and apoptosis were assessed by
Western blot analysis on benign and malignant parts of the prostate gland.
Prostatectomy specimens were entirely embedded, step-sectioned, and evaluated
for pathological stage, Gleason score, volume of cancer, and extent of
high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.
Plasma levels of lycopene, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding
protein-3, and prostate-specific antigen were measured at baseline and after 3
weeks of supplementation or observation.
Eleven (73%) subjects in the intervention group and two (18%) subjects in the
control group had no involvement of surgical margins and/or extra-prostatic
tissues with cancer (P = 0.02).
Twelve (84%) subjects in the lycopene group and five (45%) subjects in the
control group had tumors <4 ml in size (P = 0.22).
Diffuse involvement of the prostate by high-grade prostatic intraepithelial
neoplasia was present in 10 (67%) subjects in the intervention group and in 11
(100%) subjects in the control group (P = 0.05).
Plasma prostate-specific antigen levels decreased by 18% in the intervention
group, whereas they increased by 14% in the control group (P = 0.25).
Expression of connexin 43 in cancerous prostate tissue was 0.63 +/- 0.19
absorbance in the lycopene group compared with 0.25 +/- 0.08 in the control
group (P = 0.13).
Expression of bcl-2 and bax did not differ significantly between the two study
groups. IGF-1 levels decreased in both groups (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.0003,
respectively).
The results suggest that lycopene supplementation may decrease the growth of
prostate cancer.
However, no firm conclusions can be drawn at this time because of the small
sample size.
PMID:
11489752 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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