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The
Risk for Malignant Primary Adult-Onset Glioma in a Large, Multiethnic,
Managed-Care Cohort: Cigarette Smoking and Other Lifestyle Behaviors
Jimmy T. Efird, Gary D. Friedman, Stephen Sidney,
Arthur Klatsky, Laurel A. Habel, Natalia V. Udaltsova, Stephen Van Den Eeden,
Lorene M. Nelson
John
A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (J.T.E.),
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford
School of Medicine, Stanford (G.D.F., L.A.H., S.V.D.E., L.M.N.); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care
Program, Oakland, CA, USA (G.D.F., L.A.H., S.V.D.E., S.S., A.K.,
N.V.U.).
Purpose. To determine the risk for malignant primary
adult-onset glioma (MPAG) associated with cigarette smoking and other lifestyle
behaviors in a large, multiethnic, managed-care cohort.
Methods. The study population included a cohort of
133,811 subscribers to the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern
California who had received a multiphasic health checkup and questionnaire
between 1977 and 1985, were at least 25 years old at their start of follow-up,
and had no prior history of benign or malignant brain tumors.
In this cohort, patients were followed for up to 21 years for the development of
MPAG.
Results. Risk for MPAG among women increased with
increasing packs of cigarettes smoked per day (p-for-trend = 0.04),
adjusting for cigar and pipe smoking, patient age, sex, race, education, alcohol
use and coffee consumption.
A similar pattern was not observed for men.
Individuals who smoked marijuana at least once a month, adjusting for cigarette
smoking (packs smoked per day) and for the factors noted above, had a 2.8-fold
(CI = 1.3–6.2) increased risk for MPAG.
Relative risk for MPAG increased with increasing consumption of coffee (p-for-trend
= 0.05).
Conclusions.
Cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk for MPAG among women but
not among men.
Individuals who smoked marijuana at least once a month had an increased risk for
MPAG, although no dose-response relation was observed.
Drinkers of >7 cups of coffee per day had a
70% increased risk for MPAG and smaller risk elevation for lower
consumption.
Alcohol usage was not associated with an increased risk for MPAG.
Keywords: alcohol, cigarettes, coffee, gliomas, marijuana
Copyright
©
2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
All rights reserved
Source:
http://journals.kluweronline.com/article.asp?PIPS=5268435
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