From: Subject: JAMA -- Abstract: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review, January 25, 2006, MacLean et al. 295 (4): 403 Date: Tue, 16 May 2006 07:57:42 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0016_01C678BE.68A76CC0" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2869 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0016_01C678BE.68A76CC0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/295/4/403 JAMA -- Abstract: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on = Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review, January 25, 2006, MacLean et al. 295 = (4): 403

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Effects of Omega-3 Fatty = Acids on=20 Cancer Risk

A Systematic Review

Catherine H. MacLean, MD, PhD; = Sydne J.=20 Newberry, PhD; Walter A. Mojica, MD, = MPH;=20 Puja Khanna, MD; Amalia M. Issa, MPH, = PhD;=20 Marika J. Suttorp, MS; Yee-Wee Lim, MD,=20 PhD; Shana B. Traina, MA; Lara = Hilton,=20 BA; Rena Garland, BA; Sally C. = Morton,=20 PhD

JAMA. 2006;295:403-415.

Context  Omega-3 fatty acids are = purported to=20 reduce the risk of cancer. Studies have reported = mixed=20 results.

Objective  To synthesize published and = unpublished=20 evidence to determine estimates of the effect of = omega-3=20 fatty acids on cancer risk in prospective cohort=20 studies.

Data Sources  Articles published from 1966 to = October=20 2005 identified through MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, = EMBASE,=20 Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, = and CAB=20 Health; unpublished literature sought through = letters to=20 experts in the neutraceutical industry.

Study Selection  A total of 38 articles with = a=20 description of effects of consumption of omega-3 = fatty=20 acids on tumor incidence, prospective cohort = study=20 design, human study population; and description = of effect=20 of omega-3 among groups with different levels of = exposure=20 in the cohort were included. Two reviewers = independently=20 reviewed articles using structured abstraction = forms;=20 disagreements were resolved by consensus.

Data Extraction  Two reviewers independently=20 abstracted detailed data about the incidence of = cancer,=20 the type of cancer, the number and = characteristics of the=20 patients, details on the exposure to omega-3 = fatty acids,=20 and the elapsed time between the intervention and = outcome=20 measurements. Data about the methodological = quality of=20 the study were also abstracted.

Data Synthesis  Across 20 cohorts from 7 = countries=20 for 11 different types of cancer and using up to = 6=20 different ways to categorize omega-3 fatty acid=20 consumption, 65 estimates of the association = between=20 omega-3 fatty acid consumption were reported. = Among=20 these, only 8 were statistically significant. The = high=20 degree of heterogeneity across these studies precluded=20 pooling of data. For breast cancer 1 significant = estimate=20 was for increased risk (incidence risk ratio = [IRR], 1.47;=20 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.98) and 3 = were for=20 decreased risk (RR, 0.68-0.72); 7 other estimates = did not=20 show a significant association. For colorectal = cancer,=20 there was 1 estimate of decreased risk (RR, 0.49; = 95% CI,=20 0.27-0.89) and 17 estimates without association. = For lung=20 cancer one of the significant associations was for=20 increased cancer risk (IRR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2-7.3), the = other was for decreased risk (RR, 0.32; 95% CI,=20 0.13-0.76), and 4 other estimates were not = significant.=20 For prostate cancer, there was 1 estimate of = decreased=20 risk (RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.22-0.83) and 1 of = increased=20 risk (RR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.34-2.93) for advanced = prostate=20 cancer; 15 other estimates did not show a significant=20 association. The study that assessed skin cancer found = an=20 increased risk (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27). No=20 significant associations between omega-3 fatty = acid=20 consumption and cancer incidence were found for=20 aerodigestive cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, = ovarian=20 cancer, pancreatic cancer, or stomach cancer.

Conclusions  A large body of literature = spanning=20 numerous cohorts from many countries and with = different=20 demographic characteristics does not provide = evidence to=20 suggest a significant association between omega-3 = fatty=20 acids and cancer incidence. Dietary supplementation = with=20 omega-3 fatty acids is unlikely to prevent cancer. =


Author=20 Affiliations: Southern California Evidence-Based = Practice=20 Center, which includes RAND Health, Santa Monica (Drs = MacLean,=20 Newberry, Mojica, Lim, and Morton and Mss Suttorp, Hilton, = and=20 Garland), the Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los = Angeles=20 (Dr MacLean), and the University of California Los Angeles = School of=20 Public Health, Los Angeles (Dr Issa and Ms Traina); and = Wright State=20 University School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio (Dr Khanna). =



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