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Epidemiology and Risk Factors
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Neuro-oncol 2007, DOI:10.1215/15228517-2007-005.
First published on May 15, 2007
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Abstract |
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Prospective study of cigarette smoking
and adult glioma: Dosage, duration, and latency
Crystal N. Holick 1*,
Edward L. Giovannucci 2,
Bernard Rosner 3,
Meir J. Stampfer 2,
Dominique S. Michaud 4
1Department of Nutrition,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. 2Departments
of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health,
Boston, MA 02115, USA; and Channing Laboratory, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02115, USA. 3Department of Biostatistics,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; and Channing
Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. 4Department
of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115,
USA; and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. *To
whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cholick@fhcrc.org.
Received July 27, 2006. Accepted November 28, 2006.
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Tobacco products are major contributors of
exogenous N-nitroso compounds, a group of potent
neurocarcinogens.
Overall results from studies of smoking and brain tumors
have been null, but have provided little information on
duration, age at smoking initiation, and latency.
We prospectively examined the relation between cigarette
smoking and glioma risk among men and women in three large
U.S. cohort studies: the Health Professionals Follow-up
Study (HPFS), the Nurses' Health Study I (NHS), and NHS
II.
Information on smoking history was obtained at baseline (1986
for HPFS, 1976 for NHS, and 1989 for NHS II) and updated biennially
through 2002 in the HPFS and the NHS and 2003 in the NHS
II.
We confirmed 110 incident gliomas among men and 255 gliomas
among women during 667,673 and 4,388,515 person-years of
follow-up, respectively.
Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate
incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals between
smoking and glioma risk adjusting for age, total meat intake,
and alcohol and coffee consumption.
Estimates from each cohort were pooled using a
random-effects model after determining that there was no
heterogeneity by sex.
No association with glioma risk was observed between
baseline or updated smoking status, intensity, duration, or
age at smoking initiation among men and women.
Furthermore, no association with glioma risk was observed
after allowing for an induction period between smoking and
glioma diagnosis.
These findings provide strong evidence that cigarette
smoking is not associated with an appreciably elevated risk
of adult glioma.
Key Words: cigarette smoking,
epidemiology, glioma, prospective studies
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© Copyright 2007 by the Society for
Neuro-Oncology
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Abstract
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