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doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2005.09.001 = ; 3D"How

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Article

Radial glia cells are candidate stem cells of ependymoma =

Michael D. Taylor¹^,=20⁸,=20 Helen Poppleton¹^,=20⁸,=20 Christine Fuller²,=20 Xiaoping Su³,=20 Yongxing Liu³,=20 Patricia Jensen¹,=20 Susan Magdaleno¹,=20 James Dalton²,=20 Christopher Calabrese¹,=20 Julian Board¹,=20 Tobey MacDonald⁴,=20 Jim Rutka⁵,=20 Abhijit Guha⁶,=20 Amar Gajjar⁷,=20 Tom Curran¹=20 and Richard J. Gilbertson¹^,=20⁷^,=20^,

¹Department of Developmental = Neurobiology, St.=20 Jude Children=E2=80=99s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale Street, = Memphis,=20 Tennessee 38105

²Department of Pathology, St. Jude = Children=E2=80=99s=20 Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale Street, Memphis, Tennessee = 38105

³Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and = Biotechnology, St. Jude Children=E2=80=99s Research Hospital, 332 North = Lauderdale=20 Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38105

⁴Department of Pediatric Hematology and = Oncology,=20 Children=E2=80=99s National Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20010

⁵Division of Neurosurgery and the = Arthur and=20 Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, = Toronto,=20 Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada

⁶Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto = Western=20 Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada

⁷Department of Hematology/Oncology, St. = Jude=20 Children=E2=80=99s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105

⁸These authors contributed equally to = this=20 work.

Received 13 June 2005;

revised 1 August 2005;

accepted 6 September 2005.

Published: October 17, 2005.

Available online 17 October 2005.

Referred to by:		Radial glia cells are candidate stem = cells of=20 ependymoma Cancer Cell, Volume 9, = Issue=20 1, January 2006, Page 70 Michael D. = Taylor,=20 Helen Poppleton, Christine Fuller, Xiaoping Su, Yongxing Liu, = Patricia=20 Jensen, Susan Magdaleno, James Dalton, Christopher Calabrese, = Julian=20 Board, Tobey MacDonald, Jim Rutka, Abhijit Guha, Amar Gajjar, Tom = Curran,=20 Richard J. Gilbertson PDF (30 K)

Summary

Tumors of the same histologic type often comprise clinically and = molecularly=20 distinct subgroups; however, the etiology of these subgroups is unknown. = Here,=20 we report that histologically identical, but genetically distinct, = ependymomas=20 exhibit patterns of gene expression that recapitulate those of radial = glia cells=20 in the corresponding region of the central nervous system. Cancer stem = cells=20 isolated from ependymomas displayed a radial glia phenotype and formed = tumors=20 when orthotopically transplanted in mice. These findings identify = restricted=20 populations of radial glia cells as candidate stem cells of the = different=20 subgroups of ependymoma, and they support a general hypothesis that = subgroups of=20 the same histologic tumor type are generated by different populations of = progenitor cells in the tissues of origin.

Article Outline

SIGNIFICANCE
Introduction
Results Ependymomas=20 from different parts of the CNS are molecularly distinct = diseases Ependymomas=20 recapitulate the gene expression profiles of regionally specified = RGCs Ependymomas=20 contain rare populations of RGC-like cells that self-renew and are=20 multipotent in culture RGC-like=20 ependymoma cancer stem cells form tumors in nude mice Anatomic=20 site-specific chromosomal alterations in ependymomas significantly=20 contribute to tumor gene expression profiles
Discussion Are=20 ependymoma cancer stem cells transformed RGCs? Which=20 cell signal pathways promote the stem cell phenotype in = ependymoma? Implications=20 for the clinic
Experimental=20 procedures Patient=20 samples Oligonucleotide=20 RNA expression array analysis aCGH In=20 situ hybridization analysis Cell=20 culture and orthotopic transplants FISH=20 and immunohistochemical analyses
Acknowledgements
Supplemental=20 data
References

SIGNIFICANCE

The failure of tumor histology to accurately predict the clinical = behavior of=20 human cancer presents a fundamental hurdle to the development of = effective=20 treatments for malignant disease. We present evidence that = histologically=20 identical subsets of ependymoma arise from distinct populations of = progenitor=20 cells in the nervous system. Our data suggest a mechanism to explain = clinical=20 heterogeneity among microscopically similar cancers. Cancer treatments = should be=20 targeted to the cell signal pathways that maintain subsets of cancer = stem cells=20 rather than the histological or clinical forms of the disease.

Introduction

Historically, the diagnosis and treatment of cancer have been based = primarily=20 on tumor histology. However, this approach has proven inadequate, as=20 morphologically similar cancers often display variable clinical = behavior.=20 Recently, genome-wide expression profiling has unmasked molecularly = distinct=20 subgroups among tumors of the same histological type (Nutt=20 et al., 2003, Sotiriou=20 et al., 2003 and Yeoh=20 et al., 2002). While these data provide insights into the = complexities of=20 human cancer, the etiology of the cancer subgroups remains to be = determined.

Recent evidence suggests that cancers arise as the consequence of = aberrant=20 development in which the bulk of the malignant cells are maintained by a = rare=20 fraction of transformed stem cells, termed cancer stem cells (Pardal=20 et al., 2003 and Warner=20 et al., 2004). Cancer stem cells are phenotypically similar to the = normal=20 stem cells of the corresponding tissue of origin, but they exhibit = dysfunctional=20 patterns of self-renewal and differentiation (Bonnet=20 and Dick, 1997, Hemmati=20 et al., 2003, Ignatova=20 et al., 2002, Lapidot=20 et al., 1994 and Singh=20 et al., 2004b). For example, astrocytic and embryonal brain tumors = contain=20 rare populations of cancer stem cells that are capable of self-renewal = in vitro=20 and of propagating the original tumor in vivo (Hemmati=20 et al., 2003, Ignatova=20 et al., 2002, Singh=20 et al., 2003, Singh=20 et al., 2004b and Yuan=20 et al., 2004). These stem cell-like properties are restricted to = brain tumor=20 cells that express the neural stem cell marker CD133 (Uchida=20 et al., 2000).

If cancers arise from transformed stem cells, then subgroups of the = same=20 histologic tumor type might be derived from distinct populations of = progenitor=20 cells in the tissue of origin. Indeed, recent studies indicate that = clinically=20 and molecularly distinct subgroups of acute lymphoblastic leukemia = originate at=20 different stages of the hematopoietic lineage (Castor=20 et al., 2005). Comparative studies of normal and malignant = hematologic stem=20 cells have been facilitated by the availability of robust assays for all = stages=20 of hematopoiesis (Warner=20 et al., 2004). In contrast, knowledge of the stem and progenitor = cell=20 populations of nonhematologic organs is limited; therefore, determining = whether=20 different progenitors might generate subtypes of histologically similar = solid=20 tumors is less straightforward. Nevertheless, the central nervous system = (CNS)=20 represents an attractive system in which to study this hypothesis, since = it=20 comprises a set of anatomically and developmentally distinct tissue = compartments=20 that are each affected by a common set of tumors.

Ependymomas are CNS tumors that originate from the wall of the = ventricular=20 system along the entire craniospinal axis (Kleihues=20 et al., 2002). Although ependymomas from different regions of the = CNS are=20 histologically indistinguishable, they display distinct patterns of = clinical=20 behavior (Bouffet=20 et al., 1998) and chromosomal abnormalities (Dyer=20 et al., 2002 and Ebert=20 et al., 1999), suggesting that they represent a collection of = different=20 diseases. We hypothesized that ependymomas from the supratentorial = region, the=20 posterior fossa (fourth ventricle), and the spinal cord are clinically=20 heterogeneous because they arise from different populations of neural = progenitor=20 cells. We show that the gene expression profiles of human supratentorial = and=20 spinal ependymomas are shared by murine embryonic radial glia cells = (RGCs) in=20 the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and spinal canal,=20 respectively. Further, we demonstrate that ependymomas contain a rare = population=20 of RGC-like cancer stem cells that are both required and sufficient to = propagate=20 the disease as orthotopic transplants in mice. In addition, we found = that=20 ependymomas arising from different parts of the CNS contain distinct = chromosomal=20 abnormalities that also contribute to the gene expression signatures of = these=20 tumors. Thus, our data identify restricted populations of RGCs as = candidate=20 cells of origin of the different anatomic subgroups of ependymomas. = Furthermore,=20 the experimental approach that we have used could be employed to = identify=20 cellular targets of primary mutations and malignant transformation in = other=20 solid tumors.

Results

Ependymomas from different parts of the CNS are = molecularly=20 distinct diseases

We used a combination of oligonucleotide gene expression arrays and = array=20 comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to determine the degree to = which=20 ependymomas from different regions of the CNS are molecularly distinct = diseases.=20 We analyzed a total of 103 ependymomas, including 32 fresh-frozen tumors = and a=20 nonoverlapping set of 71 formalin-fixed tumors that were incorporated = into a=20 tissue microarray (TMA). We found that subsets of ependymoma exhibited = distinct=20 patterns of gene expression (Figure=20 1A) and regions of chromosome gain and loss (Figure=20 1B) that correlated with the anatomic location of the tumor = (supratentorial=20 region, posterior fossa, or spine), but not with clinical parameters = (patient=20 age or sex) or with tumor histologic grade (classic or anaplastic). = Fluorescence=20 in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of our ependymoma TMA validated = the=20 results of our aCGH experiment (Figures=20 1B and 1C). In this regard, we confirmed that = P16^INK4A=20 (located at 9p21.3) is selectively deleted in >90% of tumor cell = nuclei of=20 supratentorial ependymomas but is rarely deleted in tumors arising in = other=20 regions of the CNS (p < 0.0001). Three subgroups of posterior fossa=20 ependymoma that were identified by aCGH were also confirmed using FISH = analysis=20 (Figures=20 1B and 1C). These included a set of tumors that contained multiple=20 concurrent DNA amplifications, and a further set of tumors that gained=20 chromosome 1q (Figure=20 1C). In agreement with the results of chromosome CGH studies, around = one-half of posterior fossa ependymomas exhibited a balanced karyotype = (Dyer=20 et al., 2002). Deletions of chromosome 22q12 that we detected in two = spinal=20 ependymomas and one posterior fossa ependymoma are a well-described = feature of=20 this disease (Ebert=20 et al., 1999, Huang=20 et al., 2002 and Suarez-Merino=20 et al., 2005). Thus, morphologically similar ependymomas that arise = within=20 different regions of the CNS are molecularly distinct = diseases.

Full-size = image=20 (404K)

Figure 1. Ependymomas from different parts of = the CNS=20 are molecularly distinct diseases

Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analyses of gene expression = profiles of 29=20 ependymomas (histologic variants are classic [=E2=80=9CC=E2=80=9D] and = anaplastic [=E2=80=9CA=E2=80=9D])=20 (A) and aCGH data sets of the same 29 tumor samples = plus one=20 additional supratentorial and two posterior fossa tumors = (B).=20 Tumor color codes are the same as in A. Reference = numbers of=20 the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones that reported = significantly=20 altered chromosome (Chr) regions are shown to the right. In = B,=20 black boxes denoted =E2=80=9CF=E2=80=9D identify BAC clones that were = employed for fluorescence=20 in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of our TMA, the results of which = are shown=20 in C. Three separate subgroups (1=E2=80=933) of = posterior fossa tumors=20 are identified by aCGH. Group 1 has a balanced karyotype, group 2 has a=20 collection of amplifications on various autosomes, and group 3 shows=20 amplification of chromosome 1q. C: Confirmation of aCGH = data by=20 FISH analysis of our ependymoma TMA. Heterozygous or homozygous = deletions of=20 p16 were detected in four of six supratentorial tumors but in = only 1 of=20 69 other informative ependymomas (Fisher=E2=80=99s test, p < 0.0001). = Multiple,=20 concurrent, nonrandom DNA amplifications were detected in eight = posterior fossa=20 tumors (group 2), which were distinct from tumors that demonstrated gain = of 1q=20 (group 3).

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Ependymomas recapitulate the gene expression profiles of = regionally=20 specified RGCs

The gene expression signatures that distinguished supratentorial, = posterior=20 fossa, and spinal ependymomas include genes that regulate neural = precursor cell=20 proliferation and differentiation in the corresponding region of the CNS = (Figure=20 2A; see Table=20 S1 in the Supplemental=20 Data available with this article online for a full list of genes). = For=20 example, supratentorial tumors express markedly elevated levels of = members of=20 the EPHB-EPHRIN and NOTCH cell signal systems that play key roles in = maintaining=20 normal neural stem cells in the cerebral SVZ (Conover=20 et al., 2000 and Hitoshi=20 et al., 2002) (Figure=20 2A). Interference with normal EphB-Ephrin interactions in SVZ cells = of mice=20 disrupts neuroblast chain migration and dramatically increases astrocyte = proliferation, resulting in the formation of hyperplastic polyps along = the=20 ventricle surface (Conover=20 et al., 2000). Conversely, spinal ependymomas expressed multiple = Homeobox=20 (HOX) family members (Figure=20 2A). HOX genes encode transcription factors that coordinate=20 anteroposterior tissue patterning during development (Dasen=20 et al., 2003 and Kmita=20 and Duboule, 2003). In vertebrates, successively more caudal body = regions=20 show an increase in the amount and diversity of HOX expression, = and=20 deletion of either Hoxa9 (Fromental-Ramain=20 et al., 1996) or Hox-c (Suemori=20 and Noguchi, 2000), which are selectively expressed by human spinal=20 ependymomas (Figure=20 2A), causes spinal abnormalities in mice. We confirmed these gene = expression=20 patterns by performing immunohistochemical analyses of our ependymoma = TMA (Figures=20 2B and 2C). Importantly, because FISH analysis showed that the great = majority of ependymoma cells within our TMA are cancer cells (Figure=20 1C), these immunohistochemical data also confirm that ependymoma = gene=20 expression patterns are generated by cancer cells and not by entrapped = normal=20 cells.

Full-size = image=20 (332K)

Figure 2. Regulators of neural stem cell = proliferation=20 and differentiation are signature genes of ependymomas from different = parts of=20 the CNS

A: Supervised hierarchical cluster analysis of=20 oligonucleotide gene expression profiles of supratentorial (ST), = posterior fossa=20 (PF), and spinal (SP) ependymomas. =E2=80=9CFold=E2=80=9D and =E2=80=9Cp = value=E2=80=9D denote the magnitude and=20 significance of the difference in gene expression among anatomic tumor=20 subgroups.

B: Examples of immunohistochemical analyses of ten=20 supratentorial, 40 posterior fossa, and 21 spinal ependymomas confirming = the=20 differential expression between anatomic tumor subgroups of genes = detected by=20 gene expression profiling.

C: Differences in the expression of these proteins = were=20 quantified by counting the numbers of immunoreactive tumor cells in each = tumor.=20 Pink, blue, and yellow bars denote supratentorial, posterior fossa, and = spinal=20 tumors, respectively. Each bar reports average (=C2=B1SE) number of = immunoreactive=20 tumor cells. Differences in the expression of proteins among tumor = subgroups=20 were determined by the Kruskall-Wallis test; *p < 0.05; **p < = 0.005; ***p=20 < 0.0005.

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Previously, molecular signatures of cancers derived from gene = expression=20 microarray studies have been linked to the presence of specific = mutations in=20 tumor subtypes (Aguirre=20 et al., 2004); however, our data suggest a different interpretation. = Alternatively, it is possible that subsets of ependymoma either maintain = or=20 recapitulate the developmental expression profiles of anatomically = restricted=20 progenitor cells. Thus, mapping the site of expression of these genes = might=20 pinpoint the normal cell populations from which ependymomas arise. = Therefore,=20 using in situ hybridization, we mapped the expression in embryonic mouse = CNS of=20 77 genes that clearly distinguished supratentorial, posterior fossa, and = spinal=20 ependymomas (see Table=20 S2 for a full list of genes). Almost all signature genes of human=20 supratentorial ependymomas were expressed in the wall of the cerebral = ventricles=20 at embryonic day 11 (E11), and in the ventral SVZ of the lateral = ventricles at=20 E15 (Figures=20 3A and 3D). However, these genes were rarely expressed in the wall = of the=20 fourth ventricle or in the spinal cord. Conversely, all of the signature = genes=20 of spinal ependymoma were expressed in the wall of the developing spinal = canal=20 and the ventrolateral spinal cord, whereas less than one-third was = present in=20 the brain (Figures=20 3C and 3D). The gene expression signatures of supratentorial and = spinal=20 ependymomas correlated significantly with those of the corresponding = region of=20 the normal developing CNS at E11 and E15 (Figure=20 3D; p < 0.05). Although cells lining the fourth ventricle = contained=20 transcripts of proportionately more signature genes of human posterior = fossa=20 ependymoma, these genes were also expressed in the wall of the lateral=20 ventricles and the spinal canal (Figures=20 3B and 3D).

Full-size = image=20 (290K)

Figure 3. Ependymomas recapitulate the gene = expression=20 profiles of regionally specified precursor cells

A=E2=80=93C: In situ hybridization analysis showing = expression in=20 E11 whole embryo and E15 mouse brain and spinal cord of signature genes = of human=20 supratentorial (A), posterior fossa = (B), and=20 spinal (C) ependymoma. Arrows in B = identify=20 the IV ventricle.

D: Contour map showing the frequency and site of = expression=20 in E15 mouse brain and spine of all 77 genes that clearly distinguished = human=20 supratentorial (STep), posterior fossa (PFep), and spinal (SPep) = ependymomas.=20 Color scale reports the percentage of tumor signature genes expressed = (see Table=20 S2 for a full list of genes).

E: Dual immunofluorescence analysis of Jagged1 or = Hoxa9=20 expression by radial glia cells (detected by staining for Blbp) in the = wall of=20 the lateral ventricle (supratentorial), IV ventricle (post. fossa), and = spinal=20 canal (spine) in E15 mouse CNS. Arrow indicates Hoxa9 expression within = the=20 nucleus of a Blbp+ RGC.

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Interestingly, the intense expression of supratentorial ependymoma = signature=20 genes that we observed in the ventral wall of the lateral ventricle = between E11=20 and E15 coincides precisely with the time that normal ependymal cells = arise from=20 RGCs in this region of the brain (Spassky=20 et al., 2005). RGCs constitute a heterogeneous population of = multipotent=20 neural precursor cells that display significant differences in gene = expression=20 and function among CNS regions (Hartfuss=20 et al., 2001, Kriegstein=20 and Gotz, 2003, McMahon=20 and McDermott, 2002 and Russo=20 et al., 2004). Therefore, we reasoned that RGCs might represent the = site of=20 expression of ependymoma signature genes in the supratentorial SVZ and = spinal=20 canal and that they could be cells of origin of these ependymoma = subtypes. To=20 test this hypothesis, we used coimmunofluorescence to colocalize = RGC-specific=20 antigens and ependymoma signature genes in the ventral wall of the = lateral=20 ventricle and the spinal canal (Figure=20 3E). These studies confirmed that signature genes of ependymomas are = indeed=20 expressed by RGCs in the corresponding region of the CNS and suggest the = hypothesis that the distinct populations of RGCs that exist within the = brain and=20 spine (Hartfuss=20 et al., 2001 and Kriegstein=20 and Gotz, 2003) are the cells of origin of supratentorial and spinal = ependymomas, respectively.

Ependymomas contain rare populations of RGC-like cells = that=20 self-renew and are multipotent in culture

Normal and malignant neural stem cells may be isolated in culture as = clonally=20 derived colonies termed neurospheres (Reynolds=20 and Weiss, 1992). Neurosphere (hereon termed tumor sphere)-forming = cells=20 isolated from medulloblastoma and glioma express the neural stem cell = marker=20 CD133 and exhibit the ability to self-renew and differentiate along = divergent=20 neuronal lines (Hemmati=20 et al., 2003, Ignatova=20 et al., 2002, Singh=20 et al., 2003, Uchida=20 et al., 2000 and Yuan=20 et al., 2004). We reasoned that if RGCs are stem cells of = ependymoma, then=20 cancer stem cells of this tumor should be capable of self-renewal, be=20 multipotent, and express markers of RGCs.

To test this hypothesis, we generated single-cell suspensions from = samples of=20 freshly resected intracranial (n =3D 4) and spinal pediatric ependymoma = (n =3D 1)=20 and cultured these under conditions that favor stem cell growth. We also = confirmed that each of these cell populations comprised tumor cells and = not=20 normal brain cells, by performing spectral karyotyping (Table=20 S3). All five ependymomas were found to contain a minority cell = population=20 that generated clonally derived tumor spheres at a frequency ranging = from 0.34%=20 to 0.74% (Table=20 S3). This frequency of primary tumor sphere-forming cells is very = similar to=20 that reported for pilocytic astrocytoma; another relatively slow-growing = pediatric brain tumor (Singh=20 et al., 2003).

To assay the self-renewal capacity of ependymoma tumor sphere-forming = cells,=20 we dissociated primary tumor spheres and replated single-cell = suspensions of=20 these cells at serial dilutions down to one cell per well. Primary tumor = sphere-derived cells formed secondary spheres with a range of 0.53 to = 1.0=20 secondary sphere/100 primary sphere cells (mean 0.75 =C2=B1 0.22 SE) = over a period of=20 1=E2=80=932 weeks. Thus, ependymomas contain a rare fraction of cells = that self-renew=20 under stem cell culture conditions.

To determine if tumor sphere-forming ependymoma cells might be = derived from=20 RGCs, we looked in these cells for marker proteins characteristic of = different=20 stages of differentiation in the SVZ. Neuroepithelial cells represent = the=20 earliest progenitors in the CNS; these cells are the immediate = precursors of=20 RGCs and they express CD133, Nestin, and RC2 (Hartfuss=20 et al., 2001 and Uchida=20 et al., 2000). While RGCs also express these proteins, they are=20 distinguished from neuroepithelial cells by the presence of glial = markers=20 including astrocyte-specific glutamate transporter (GLAST) and brain = lipid=20 binding protein (BLBP) (Hartfuss=20 et al., 2001 and Kriegstein=20 and Gotz, 2003). As neurogenesis begins, RGCs give rise to = postmitotic=20 neurons, astrocytes, and ependymal cells expressing appropriate markers = of=20 differentiation but not CD133 or Nestin (Culican=20 et al., 1990, Hartfuss=20 et al., 2001, Malatesta=20 et al., 2003, Spassky=20 et al., 2005 and Uchida=20 et al., 2000). We found that all ependymoma-derived tumor spheres = displayed=20 a CD133+/Nestin+/RC2+/BLBP+ immunophenotype similar to that of RGCs = (Figure=20 4). In contrast, tumor spheres generated from pediatric = medulloblastoma=20 exhibited a CD133+/Nestin+/RC2=E2=88=92/BLBP=E2=88=92 phenotype. = Significantly, analysis of the=20 71 ependymomas within our TMA also identified BLBP-expressing tumor = cells at an=20 average frequency of 0.5% (range 0.001% to 1.5% of total tumor cells). = Thus,=20 stem cell-like cancer cells in ependymoma are phenotypically different = from=20 those of medulloblastoma, and they are likely to arise within the RGC=20 lineage.

Full-size = image=20 (159K)

Figure 4. Tumor sphere-forming ependymoma cells = display=20 a radial glia cell immunophenotype

Clonally derived secondary tumor spheres generated by ependymoma and=20 medulloblastoma stem cell-like cells after 7 days in culture express the = neural=20 progenitor cell markers Nestin and CD133. Only ependymoma spheres = expressed RC2=20 and the radial glia cell marker BLBP.

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To test whether tumor sphere-forming ependymoma cells are = multipotent, we=20 generated single-cell suspensions from secondary tumor spheres and = cultured=20 these in the absence of both basic fibroblast growth factor and = epidermal growth=20 factor to induce differentiation. Twenty-four hours following = dissociation,=20 approximately 70% and 30% of secondary tumor sphere-derived cells = retained=20 expression of BLBP and RC2, respectively (Figures=20 5A=E2=80=935D). However, a significant number of cells had lost = expression of CD133=20 relative to that observed in the intact tumor spheres (Figure=20 4 and Figure=20 5). Remarkably, about 1% of secondary tumor sphere-derived = cells=20 also displayed an unusual morphology in culture that was reminiscent of = RGCs in=20 the brain (Figures=20 5E and 5F). After 72 hr in differentiation medium, secondary tumor=20 sphere-derived cells exhibited a dramatic change in immunophenotype. = These=20 changes included loss of the RGC immunophenotype CD133+/RC2+/BLBP+ = (Figures=20 5A and 5B; and compare Figure=20 5C with Figure=20 5G and Figure=20 5D with Figure=20 5H) and increased expression of markers of neuronal = (=CE=B2-III-tubulin and=20 MAP2), astrocytic (GFAP and S100), and oligodendrocytic (CNPase and NG2) = differentiation (Figures=20 5I=E2=80=935N). Importantly, FISH analysis of differentiated = ependymoma cells=20 confirmed that these are cancer cells and not normal cells (Figure=20 5O). Thus, ependymomas contain a rare fraction of RGC-like cancer = cells that=20 display the stem cell properties of self-renewal and = multipotency.

Full-size = image=20 (118K)

Figure 5. Radial glia cell-like ependymoma = cells are=20 multipotent

Single cells isolated from secondary ependymoma tumor spheres were = cultured=20 under conditions that induce differentiation. Graphs (A = and=20 B) report changes in the percentage of CD133, RC2, or = BLBP=20 expression determined by immunofluorescence among cells isolated from = two=20 different primary ependymomas. Percentages (=C2=B1SE) were estimated by = counting=20 >1000 cells after 24 hr and 72 hr in culture. The Wilcoxon statistic = was used=20 to estimate the significance of expression differences; *p < 0.05; = ***p <=20 0.0005. Typical expression patterns of RC2 (C) and BLBP = (D) among ependymoma cells cultured in differentiation = medium=20 for 24 hr. E and F show examples of = the 1% of=20 secondary tumor sphere-derived cells (estimated by counting 1000 tumor = cells)=20 that displayed a morphology of radial glia cells up to 24 hr in = differentiation=20 medium. After 72 hr in differentiation medium, secondary tumor = sphere-derived=20 cells exhibited a dramatic decrease in expression of RC2 = (G)=20 and BLBP (H) and a concomitant increase in markers of=20 oligodendrocytic (I and J), astrocytic = (K and L), and neuronal = (M=20 and N) differentiation. O: FISH = analysis using=20 probes directed against 1p (green) and 1q (red) confirmed that = differentiated=20 cells display gain of 1q and are therefore cancer cells.

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RGC-like ependymoma cancer stem cells form tumors in nude = mice

Although our cell culture assays suggest that ependymomas contain = RGC-like=20 cancer stem cells, the ability of a cell to recapitulate the original = tumor in=20 vivo is a far more rigorous assessment of the cancer stem cell = phenotype.=20 Therefore, we used immunoglobulin-conjugated magnetic beads to isolate = CD133+=20 cells from whole-cell populations of two fresh samples of ependymoma = (Figures=20 6A and 6B). FISH analysis of sorted ependymoma cell populations = confirmed=20 that both CD133+ and CD133=E2=88=92 fractions comprise cancer cells, = since both of these=20 fractions displayed gain of 1q (Figures=20 6C and 6D). In keeping with our analysis of tumor spheres, acutely = sorted=20 CD133+ ependymoma cells coexpressed BLBP and RC2 (Figures=20 6E and 6F), whereas neither of these proteins were detected in = CD133+ cells=20 isolated from medulloblastoma (Figure=20 6G and data not shown). An average of 0.9% (range 0.3%=E2=80=933.0%) = of all cells=20 within sorted samples of ependymoma displayed a radial glia-like=20 CD133+/RC2+/BLBP+ immunophenotype, which is very similar to the = incidence of=20 BLBP+ cells that we observed within whole-tumor sections. We then = performed=20 stereotactic injections of sorted and nonsorted tumor cell populations = into the=20 superficial cerebral cortex of 7-week-old NOD-SCID mice. Mice injected = with as=20 few as 10,000 CD133+/RC2+/BLBP+ ependymoma cells developed signs of = neurological=20 impairment between 4 and 5 months postinjection. Analysis of the brains = from=20 these mice revealed the presence of tumors that appeared to arise within = the=20 cerebral SVZ and fill the lateral or III ventricles, resulting in = hydrocephalus=20 (Figure=20 6H). These xenografts demonstrated characteristic morphologic = features of=20 ependymoma including the following: moderate cellularity; predominantly=20 monomorphic nuclear morphology; and occasional pseudorosettes (Figure=20 6I). CD133+/RC2+/BLBP+ xenografts also expressed glial fibrillary = acidic=20 protein and BLBP, but they did not exhibit markers of neuronal = differentiation=20 such as =CE=B2-III-tubulin (Figures=20 6J=E2=80=936L). Significantly, xenografts also recapitulated the = appropriate=20 site-specific gene expression signature of the parent tumor. In this = regard,=20 CD133+/RC2+/BLBP+ cancer stem cells isolated from a posterior fossa = ependymoma=20 generated a xenograft that reproduced the gene expression signature of = the=20 parent posterior fossa tumor, even when transplanted into the = supratentorial=20 region (Figures=20 6M=E2=80=936T). In contrast, mice that were injected with up to 2 = =C3=97 10⁶=20 CD133=E2=88=92 cells or 2 =C3=97 10⁶ unsorted ependymoma = cells (n =3D 10 mice for=20 each cell population) did not develop tumors up to 1 year following = injection.=20 Histologic examination of the brains of these mice did not reveal any = evidence=20 of tumor engraftment. Therefore, ependymomas contain a rare fraction of=20 CD133+/RC2+/BLPB+ cancer stem cells that are required and sufficient to = generate=20 tumors in vivo and that transmit a site-specific radial glia-like = expression=20 signature to the mature tumor. Thus, we propose that ependymoma cancer = stem=20 cells are derived from transformed RGCs.

Full-size = image=20 (183K)

Figure 6. CD133+/RC2+/BLBP+ ependymoma stem = cells form=20 tumors in mice

Whole-cell populations of ependymomas were sorted to isolate=20 CD133+/RC2+/BLBP+ cells. Immunofluorescence analysis of CD133 confirmed=20 expression in positively (A) but not negatively=20 (B) sorted cells. FISH analysis using probes against 1p = (green)=20 and 1q (red) confirmed that CD133+ (C) and = CD133=E2=88=92=20 (D) cell fractions display gain of 1q and are therefore = cancer=20 cells. Immunofluorescence analysis of acutely sorted ependymoma cells = also=20 confirmed that CD133+ cells (red) coexpress BLBP (green) = (E)=20 and RC2 (green) (F). In contrast, CD133 (red)-positive=20 medulloblastoma cells do not express BLBP (green) (G).=20 H: Tumor (T, outlined) in the lateral ventricle (LV) of = a mouse=20 resulting in marked ventricular dilatation. I: = Hematoxylin and=20 eosin stain of the tumor demonstrating the typical appearance of an = ependymoma=20 (=C3=97400). Immunohistochemical analysis of GFAP (J) = and=20 =CE=B2-III-tubulin (K) by an engrafted ependymoma.=20 L: Immunofluorescence analysis of BLBP expression (red) = by the=20 same ependymoma xenograft. Immunohistochemical analysis of Aquaporin 1=20 (M, arrows indicate immunopositive cells), Aquaporin 4=20 (N), Jagged1 (O), and Hoxa9=20 (P) by a xenograft that grew in the lateral ventricle = of a=20 mouse and was formed from CD133+/RC2+/BLBP+ stem cells isolated from a = posterior=20 fossa tumor. Parallel analysis of Aquaporin 1 (Q), = Aquaporin 4=20 (R), Jagged1 (S), and Hoxa9=20 (T) within the parent posterior fossa tumor confirmed = that the=20 xenograft recapitulated the gene expression signature of posterior fossa = ependymoma.

View Within = Article

Anatomic site-specific chromosomal alterations in = ependymomas=20 significantly contribute to tumor gene expression profiles

Studies of leukemia suggest that early transformation events, e.g., = the=20 t(8;21) translocation, are transmitted from the cancer stem cell to more = mature=20 progeny, ultimately impacting the gene expression profile of the entire=20 malignant clone (Castor=20 et al., 2005, Miyamoto=20 et al., 2000, Ross=20 et al., 2004 and Yuan=20 et al., 2001). We reasoned that the gene expression signatures of=20 ependymomas might be similarly influenced by the unique sets of = chromosomal=20 alterations contained within the different anatomic tumor subgroups = (Figure=20 1B). Further, the genes that are most affected by these chromosome=20 alterations are likely to include those responsible for driving = transformation=20 of ependymoma stem cells in the different regions of the CNS.

As a first step to identifying genes that are disrupted by = chromosomal=20 alterations in ependymoma, we used a novel statistical approach to = integrate our=20 aCGH and gene expression array data sets. We first identified all = Affymetrix=20 oligonucleotide probe sets that map within significantly varying = bacterial=20 artificial chromosome (BAC) aCGH clones and correlated DNA copy number = changes=20 with gene expression using the t-like statistic. We then employed = random=20 permutation analysis to assess the significance of each statistic for = each gene.=20 Importantly, this analysis demonstrated that only a small minority (12%; = n =3D=20 86/704) of transcripts within regions of DNA gain or loss exhibit = significant=20 copy number-driven gene expression (Figure=20 7; a full list of these genes is provided in Table=20 S4). However, this correlation was highly significant, since only = 0.1% (n =3D=20 47/40,785) of probes within balanced chromosome regions correlated with = the=20 alteration of a distal genomic region (odds ratio =3D 122; chi-square p = <=20 0.0001). This approach may identify the minority of genes in altered = genomic=20 regions that contribute to transformation or progression of ependymoma. = These=20 findings also imply that transcriptional differences among = histologically=20 identical tumors are dictated not only by the cell of origin, but also = by the=20 specific genetic events that promote clonal expansion. We are currently = mining=20 these data to select genes that display clear copy number-driven gene = expression=20 in ependymoma and are therefore likely to play a role in the etiology of = the=20 disease.

Full-size = image=20 (78K)

Figure 7. Ependymomas from different parts of = the CNS=20 display distinct patterns of copy number-driven gene expression

Solid black circles represent individual DNA regions that were = identified as=20 significantly altered in supratentorial (n =3D 4), spinal (n =3D 3), = posterior fossa=20 group 2 (n =3D 6), and posterior fossa group 3 (n =3D 4) ependymomas, by = aCGH=20 analysis. The genomic location of each region is shown on the graph. The = vertical position of each circle represents the relative average gain = (>1=20 mean aCGH ratio) or deletion (<1 mean aCGH ratio) of each region = among tumors=20 in the corresponding disease subgroup. Squares report the relative = average=20 expression of genes mapping within the corresponding altered genomic = region (see=20 Table=20 S4 for a full list of genes). Squares falling above each circle = represent=20 genes that are relatively overexpressed in tumors containing the = corresponding=20 genomic alteration: genes that are relatively underexpressed are shown = below=20 each circle. The distance of each square from the circle represents the = degree=20 to which the gene is under- or overexpressed. Genes that are = significantly over-=20 or underexpressed in tumors containing the corresponding DNA alteration = are=20 shown in red. Genes displaying nonsignificant expression changes are = shown in=20 blue. The size of each square reports the degree of statistical = significance of=20 the expression difference.

View Within = Article

Discussion

Are ependymoma cancer stem cells transformed RGCs?

Here, we present several lines of evidence that suggest that = histologically=20 similar ependymomas from different parts of the CNS represent = molecularly and=20 clinically distinct disease subgroups because they arise from different=20 populations of RGCs. Ependymomas occur most commonly in the wall of the = cerebral=20 ventricles or in the spinal canal and they display characteristic=20 ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of normal ependymal = cells (Kleihues=20 et al., 2002 and Liberski,=20 1996). Therefore, these tumors are most likely to arise from cells = of the=20 ependymal lineage. Neuroepithelial cells and RGCs, precursors of = ependymal=20 cells, are mitotically active (Kriegstein=20 and Gotz, 2003). Thus, both of these cell types could acquire the = minimum=20 number of mutations required for malignant transformation. Our data = suggest that=20 RGCs, rather than neuroepithelial cells, are stem cells of ependymoma. = We show=20 that more than 80% of genes that are expressed at high levels in = supratentorial=20 and spinal ependymomas are also present in RGCs in the corresponding = region of=20 the embryonic CNS. Furthermore, self-renewing and multipotent cancer = cells=20 isolated from ependymomas exhibit the RGC immunophenotype=20 CD133+/Nestin+/RC2+/BLBP+, and they reproduce this disease when = transplanted=20 into mice. Currently, we are conducting serial transplantation = experiments to=20 confirm that these cells also self-renew in vivo. Although unlikely, we=20 acknowledge that ependymoma cancer stem cells could arise from = postmitotic=20 ependymal cells that have reacquired the capacity to self-renew (Capela=20 and Temple, 2002, Laywell=20 et al., 2000 and Spassky=20 et al., 2005). Proof of principle that self-renewal can be = reestablished has=20 been provided by experiments in which the transduction of hematologic = cells with=20 MOZ-TIF2 restored self-renewal and promoted leukemogenesis (Huntly=20 et al., 2004). In the future, it may be possible to identify = precisely which=20 cells in the ependymal lineage are the primary targets of = transformation, by=20 using cell-specific promoters to drive oncogene expression in different=20 ependymal precursor populations of transgenic mice.

Which cell signal pathways promote the stem cell = phenotype in=20 ependymoma?

An important question raised by our data is whether the gene = expression=20 profiles that are hallmarks of the respective RGC populations persist in = ependymomas as molecular baggage or whether they play a functional role = in=20 maintaining the cancer cell phenotype. Notably, the NOTCH cell signal = pathway=20 and HOX family of transcription factors, which we identified as = upregulated in=20 supratentorial and spinal ependymomas, respectively, regulate stem cell=20 self-renewal (Huntly=20 and Gilliland, 2005 and Pardal=20 et al., 2003). For example, aberrant Notch signaling expands the = neural stem=20 cell fraction in the developing mouse and inhibits neurogenesis (Hitoshi=20 et al., 2002). Similarly, exposure of hematologic cell populations = to=20 JAGGED1 increases the proportion of stem cells while reducing the = numbers of=20 differentiating cells (Varnum-Finney=20 et al., 1998). Interestingly, aberrant NOTCH signaling appears to=20 specifically transform only cells in which the G0/G1 checkpoint is = disrupted (Radtke=20 and Raj, 2003). Thus, the markedly elevated levels of JAGGED1 = observed in=20 supratentorial ependymomas could contribute to the self-renewal capacity = of=20 ependymoma stem cells in the cerebral SVZ. Further, this might be = facilitated by=20 deletion of INK4A/ARF, which we observed as a frequent event in=20 supratentorial ependymomas. Similarly, aberrant expression of HOXA9 may = maintain=20 the cancer stem cell phenotype in spinal ependymomas, since increased = expression=20 of this transcription factor has been shown to transform hematologic = stem cells=20 and promote leukemogenesis (Huntly=20 and Gilliland, 2005).

Implications for the clinic

Our data complement and extend previous studies of medulloblastoma = and glioma=20 indicating that brain tumors are propagated by small fractions of = tumorigenic=20 stem cells (Singh=20 et al., 2004a). If proved correct, then these findings would lead to = a=20 paradigm shift in the way we treat CNS tumors. Rather than employing = nonspecific=20 therapies guided by crude measures of disease type, to treat the primary = tumor=20 mass, we should develop classification systems and targeted treatment = strategies=20 focusing on the eradication of cancer stem cells (Pardal=20 et al., 2003). This strategy may prove particularly effective in = tumors,=20 such as ependymoma, that are comprised of developmentally and = molecularly=20 distinct subgroups that are unlikely to respond uniformly to all = treatments.

One of the most immediate clinical applications of cancer stem cell = biology=20 is the generation of prognostic tools (Glinsky=20 et al., 2005 and Singh=20 et al., 2003). However, there is a greater need for better = treatments of=20 ependymoma, since the survival of patients with partially resected = ependymoma is=20 extremely poor (Bouffet=20 et al., 1998). At least two aspects of the biology of cancer stem = cells=20 could be exploited as new therapeutic targets. Stem cells are = distinguished from=20 their differentiated progeny by the expression of high levels of ATP = binding=20 cassette (ABC) transporters (Dean=20 et al., 2005). These proteins are not required for stem cell growth = or=20 maintenance, but they likely serve a protective function that prevents = stem=20 cells from accumulating toxins (Schinkel=20 et al., 1994 and Zhou=20 et al., 2002). Unfortunately, ABC transporters are also highly = effective at=20 excluding drugs from cells, and this may explain why normal and = malignant stem=20 cells are peculiarly resistant to certain chemotherapeutics (Dean=20 et al., 2005). Interestingly, supratentorial ependymomas expressed=20 significantly higher amounts of the ABC transporter ABCG1 relative to=20 ependymomas elsewhere in the CNS (2.5-fold increase in expression; p = <=20 0.0005; see Table=20 S1). Thus, inhibitors of ABC transporters may prove to be useful=20 therapeutics to increase the sensitivity of ependymoma cancer stem cells = to=20 conventional treatments (Dean=20 et al., 2005).

Targeting the pathways that regulate aberrant self-renewal represents = an=20 alternative approach to attacking stem cells in cancer (Pardal=20 et al., 2003). The success of this approach will depend on our = ability to=20 develop drugs that selectively target cancer stem cells while sparing = their=20 normal counterparts. This issue is especially important when treating = brain=20 tumors in children, whose nervous systems are still developing. The = extent to=20 which normal neural stem cells repair radiation-induced damage in the = brain is=20 not known. Thus, relatively nonselective drugs that target both normal = and=20 malignant stem cell fractions might compound the deleterious effects of=20 radiation therapy. These issues aside, there is a real possibility that = drugs=20 that inhibit the self-renewal of cancer stem cells could offer new hope = to=20 patients with refractory malignancies such as ependymoma. Indeed, one = class of=20 drugs, inhibitors of =CE=B3-secretase, are being considered for clinical = trials in=20 leukemia and could have utility in the treatment of supratentorial = ependymoma=20 (Huntly=20 and Gilliland, 2005). Binding of JAGGED ligands to NOTCH leads to=20 =CE=B3-secretase-mediated cleavage of the NOTCH receptor and activation = of signaling=20 (Radtke=20 and Raj, 2003). Thus, if JAGGED1 contributes to the stem cell = phenotype in=20 supratentorial tumors, then inhibitors of =CE=B3-secretase might be = effective against=20 these tumors.

The approach used here to identify ependymoma cancer stem cells and = the=20 corresponding normal progenitor cells could be readily adapted to the = analysis=20 of other organ systems. While cancer stem cells have been isolated from = solid=20 tumors of the brain and breast, the relationship of these cells to = normal=20 progenitors in the respective tissues of origin is unknown (Al-Hajj=20 and Clarke, 2004 and Singh=20 et al., 2004a). We demonstrate that screening developing tissues for = cells=20 that exhibit the signature gene expression profiles of tumor subsets can = identify progenitor cells that may represent the cellular targets of = primary=20 mutations that promote disease. Thus, molecular archeology studies of = tumor stem=20 cells could reveal the susceptible progenitor cell population that gives = rise to=20 many distinct cancer subtypes.

Experimental procedures

Patient samples

Clinical material was collected under protocol XPD01-092 (St. Jude = Children=E2=80=99s=20 Research Hospital Institutional Review Board) and subject to central=20 histopathology review. Tumor samples were snap frozen at the time of = surgical=20 resection or immediately disaggregated into single-cell suspensions and = cultured=20 as described below. A separate, nonoverlapping cohort of formalin-fixed, = wax-embedded ependymoma samples were also collected and incorporated = into a TMA.=20 RNA and DNA were extracted from fresh-frozen tumor samples using Trizol = as=20 directed by the manufacturer and were stored at =E2=88=9280=C2=B0C until = use.

Oligonucleotide RNA expression array analysis

Gene expression profiles were generated using total RNA and the = U133Av2 array=20 (Affymetrix) that analyzes the expression level of 18,400 transcripts = and=20 variants, including 14,500 well-characterized human genes (Hernan=20 et al., 2003). Gene expression data were normalized using the MAS5 = algorithm=20 and then transformed by taking the logarithm (base 2) and the = coefficient of=20 variation (CV) calculated for each probe set across all samples. The top = 1000=20 most variable probe sets were selected for unsupervised hierarchical = clustering=20 based on Z scores using Pearson correlation as the similarity = metric.

We used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify probe sets that=20 discriminated tumor subtypes. To correct for the multiple hypothesis = testing=20 problem, false discovery rates (q values) were calculated from the ANOVA = p=20 values (Storey=20 and Tibshirani, 2003). Probe sets with q values less than 0.05 were = then=20 filtered further to remove probe sets with intergroup fold changes of = less than=20 1.5. Selected probe sets were then used for supervised hierarchical=20 clustering.

aCGH

Total genomic DNA from test samples and sex-matched reference DNA = samples=20 were processed and analyzed using BAC array CGH exactly as described = previously=20 (Loo=20 et al., 2004). For a full description of this array, the reader is = referred=20 to Loo=20 et al. (2004). Briefly, this array includes 4171 different BAC = clones with a=20 median spacing of 413 kb when pericentric heterochromatic regions and = the short=20 arms of acrocentric chromosomes are excluded (25th percentile, 160 kb; = 75th=20 percentile, 878 kb; mean, 677 kb). The locations of 4153 clones have = been=20 verified by FISH.

We performed a global within-slide normalization to remove=20 intensity-dependent bias using the robust scatter plot smoother = =E2=80=9Cloess=E2=80=9D=20 and then performed a multiple slide scale normalization to facilitate=20 between-slide comparisons using the median absolute deviation (MAD) with = Bioconductor version 1.5. An average ratio was then calculated for each = BAC=20 clone, since each BAC clone was spotted twice per microarray.

Thresholds reporting chromosome gains or losses for each BAC were = calculated=20 using the extreme studentized deviate (ESD) statistic:

ESD=3Dmaximum=20 ofZ_{i=3D1,=E2=80=A6,n}=3D|X_i=E2=88= =92X=C2=AF|/S

where=20 X₁, . . ., X_n denote the ratios = across=20 samples, and X=C2=AF and S denote the mean and standard = deviation for=20 sample ratios for a specific BAC clone. This approach assumes that = ratios from=20 samples without DNA copy number changes follow a Gaussian distribution = for a=20 specific BAC clone and that ratios from samples with DNA copy number = changes are=20 outliers relative to Gaussian distribution for same BAC clone. We then = used an=20 established ESD-based procedure to detect outliers. BAC clones that had = either=20 gain or loss at more than or equal to three samples were then selected = for=20 unsupervised hierarchical clustering using Euclidean distance as a = similarity=20 metric.

To evaluate the influence of DNA copy number changes on gene = expression, we=20 identified all Affymetrix probe sets that mapped within significantly = varying=20 BAC aCGH clones. aCGH data were represented by a vector that was labeled = 1 for a=20 sample with DNA copy number change and 0 for no change. DNA copy number = changes=20 were then correlated with gene expression using the t-like = statistic=20 defined as the difference of the means of the gene expression values in = the=20 altered and unaltered sample groups divided by the sum of the standard=20 deviations of the expression values in altered and unaltered sample = groups. To=20 assess the significance of each statistic for each gene, we performed = random=20 permutations of the label vector of samples. The probability that a gene = has a=20 larger or equal statistic by random permutation than the original = statistic is=20 denoted by 3D"greek . A low=20 =20 (<0.05) indicates a strong association between gene expression and = DNA copy=20 number changes.

In situ hybridization analysis

Cryosections (16 =CE=BCm) were prepared from 4% paraformaldehyde = (PFA)-fixed whole=20 brains and spinal cord taken from E11.5, E15.5, and postnatal day 7 (P7) = C57BL/6=20 mice. ³³P-UTP riboprobes were generated by in vitro = transcription.=20 Following incubation with 1 =C3=97 10⁶ cpm of probe, slides = were rinsed=20 through a series of posthybridization washes, air-dried, and exposed to=20 emulsion.

Cell culture and orthotopic transplants

Immediately following surgical resection, tumors were minced and = digested=20 with collagenase type IV and hyaluronidase for 60 min at 37=C2=B0C. = Cells were then=20 grown on Matrigel (BD BioSciences)-coated dishes in Neurobasal medium=20 (Invitrogen) containing 2 mM L-glutamine, N2 supplement (Invitrogen), = B27=20 supplement (Invitrogen), 20 ng/ml hrEGF (Invitrogen), 20 ng/ml hrbFGF=20 (Invitrogen) and 50 =CE=BCg/ml BSA in 5% CO₂. Serial = dilutions of=20 single-cell suspensions were made in 96 well plates. The number of tumor = spheres/well was quantified after 7 days. For differentiation studies, = tumor=20 spheres were transferred to culture slides coated with poly-L-ornithine = and=20 laminin and incubated in Neurobasal medium without growth factors for 72 = hr. All=20 cell cultures were subject to spectral karyotype analysis to confirm the = presence of malignant clones.

Human ependymoma cells were sorted using antibody coated magnetic = beads=20 (100=CE=BCl/10⁸ cells, Miltenyi Biotec). Sorted cells were = resuspended in=20 Matrigel (5 =CE=BCl; BD BioScience) and implanted intracranially into 7- = to=20 8-week-old NOD/SCID mice at a depth of 3.5 mm. Purity of the sorted cell = populations was confirmed by immunocytochemistry using anti-CD133/2 = (Miltenyi=20 Biotec).

FISH and immunohistochemical analyses

Dual-color FISH and immunohistochemical analyses of formalin-fixed=20 paraffin-embedded tumor samples or tumor cell spheres were performed = using=20 routine methods. Full details of all immunoreagents used in this study = are=20 provided in Table=20 S5. All FISH probes were validated on normal control metaphase = spreads to=20 verify chromosomal localization.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Sontag Foundation (R.J.G.), NIH grant = CA096832=20 (R.J.G.), the V Foundation for Cancer Research (R.J.G.), the American = Lebanese=20 Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC), and a Detweiller Travelling = Fellowship from=20 the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (M.D.T.). We = thank the=20 Tumor Bank and Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology at = St. Jude=20 Children=E2=80=99s Research Hospital; the Brain Tumor Tissue Bank = (London, Ontario,=20 Canada) for outstanding technical assistance; and Betsy Williford in = Biomedical=20 Communications at St. Jude Children=E2=80=99s Research Hospital for = assistance in=20 preparing the figures. The BLBP antibody was the generous gift of = Nathaniel=20 Heintz.

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Supplemental data

Table S1. Signature genes of supratentorial (ST),=20 posterior fossa (PF), and spinal (SP) ependymomas identified by gene = expression=20 array analysis. Columns are as follows: Affymetrix probe ID; mean = average=20 gene expression in ST, PF, or SP ependymomas; mean gene expression in = remaining=20 ependymomas; p value for expression difference; fold change expression; = gene=20 symbol.

(196 K)
Table_S1..xls 3D"Help

Microsoft Excel file 1.=20

View Within = Article

Table S2. Signature genes of ST, PF, and SP ependymomas studied by in = situ=20 hybridization expression analysis in developing mouse CNS. Columns = are as=20 follows: fold change in expression; gene symbol.

(18 K)
Table_S2..xls 3D"Help

Microsoft Excel file 2.=20

View Within = Article

Table S3. Pathologic, karyotypic, and primary sphere-forming = characteristics=20 of ependymoma and medulloblastoma cell cultures.

(15 K)
Table_S3..xls 3D"Help

Microsoft Excel file 3.=20

View Within = Article

Table S4. Integrated analysis of gene expression array and aCGH data=20 sets. Columns are as follows: BAC clone ID; Affymetrix probe ID; = number of=20 samples displaying amplification; number of samples displaying deletion; = mean=20 average gene expression in tumors with the corresponding DNA alteration; = mean=20 average gene expression in balanced tumors; gene expression ratio; p = value for=20 the expression difference.

(122 K)
Table_S4..xls 3D"Help

Microsoft Excel file 4.=20

View Within = Article

Table S5. Antibodies employed in IHC and IF analysis.

(14 K)
Table_S5..xls 3D"Help

Microsoft Excel file 5.=20

View Within = Article

Ph: 901 495 3913; Fax: 901 495 2270

Volume=20 8, Issue 4, October 2005, Pages 323-335=20

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DIV.msgBox { BORDER-RIGHT: #dedede 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; BORDER-TOP: = #dedede 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; BORDER-LEFT: = #dedede 1px solid; WIDTH: 80%; PADDING-TOP: 6px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #dedede = 1px solid } DIV.imgIcon { PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FLOAT: left; COLOR: #ff0000 } DIV.imgIcon H3 { PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 1em; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px } DIV.errMsgText { PADDING-LEFT: 26px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #ff0000 } DIV.alertMsgText { PADDING-LEFT: 26px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #ff0000 } DIV.confirmMsgText { PADDING-LEFT: 26px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #000000 } DIV.infoMsgText { PADDING-LEFT: 26px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #000000 } DIV.msgText { PADDING-LEFT: 50px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000 } DIV.errMsgText A { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #ff0000 } DIV.alertMsgText A { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #ff0000 } DIV.confirmMsgText A { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #000000 } DIV.infoMsgText A { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #000000 } DIV.msgText A { FONT-WEIGHT: normal } .pageHeading { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 150%; MARGIN: 5px 0px 0px 5px; COLOR: = #8cc919; FONT-FAMILY: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif } .pageHeadingBlack { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 150%; MARGIN: 5px 0px 0px 5px; COLOR: = black; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif } .pageContent { MARGIN: 5px } #sdLoginBox { PADDING-RIGHT: 0.1em; BACKGROUND-POSITION: left bottom; PADDING-LEFT: = 0.1em; FONT-SIZE: 0.8em; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.1em; OVERFLOW: hidden; WIDTH: = 29.5em; PADDING-TOP: 0.1em; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: repeat-x; HEIGHT: 6.7em; = BACKGROUND-COLOR: #dddddd } #sdLoginBox INPUT { FONT-SIZE: 0.9em } #sdLoginBox DIV { FONT-SIZE: 1em; FONT-FAMILY: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif } #sdLoginBox HTML { FONT-SIZE: 1em; FONT-FAMILY: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif } #sdLoginBox IMG { FONT-SIZE: 1em; FONT-FAMILY: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif } #sdLoginBox INPUT { FONT-SIZE: 1em; FONT-FAMILY: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif } #sdLoginBox SELECT { FONT-SIZE: 1em; FONT-FAMILY: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif } #sdLoginBox TABLE { FONT-SIZE: 1em; FONT-FAMILY: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif } #sdLoginBox TD { FONT-SIZE: 1em; FONT-FAMILY: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif } #sdLoginBoxFold { OVERFLOW: hidden; TEXT-ALIGN: right } #sdQuickSearch TABLE { FONT-SIZE: 1em; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.3em } #sdQuickSearch INPUT { FONT-SIZE: 1em } #sdQuickSearch TD { FONT-FAMILY: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif } #sdBody { FONT-SIZE: 75%; PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-TOP: 4px; = FONT-FAMILY: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif } A.ActionButton { TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.ActionButton:hover { TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A.ActionButton:hover:visited { TEXT-DECORATION: underline } #a:link .Active { TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A:visited .Active { TEXT-DECORATION: underline } .ActionButtonDisabled { COLOR: #999999; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A { TEXT-DECORATION: none } A:link { TEXT-DECORATION: none } A:hover { TEXT-DECORATION: underline } A.linkclosed:hover { COLOR: white; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #777777; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.linkopen { COLOR: white; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #777777; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.linkopen:link { COLOR: white; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #777777; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.linkopen:visited { COLOR: white; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #777777; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.linkopen:active { COLOR: white; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #777777; TEXT-DECORATION: none } SPAN.linkopen { COLOR: white; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #777777; TEXT-DECORATION: none } .linknoborder IMG { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium = none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none } .linkdisabled { COLOR: #999999 } INPUT.xpstyle { BORDER-RIGHT: #666666 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #666666 1px solid; = BORDER-LEFT: #666666 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #666666 1px solid } INPUT.qsinput { FONT-FAMILY: arial, verdana, helvetica, sans-serif; HEIGHT: 1.6em } TABLE.sdMainNav { BACKGROUND-POSITION: left top; MARGIN-TOP: 0.2em; FONT-SIZE: 1em; = WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.1em solid; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: = repeat-x; HEIGHT: 2em } TD.sdMainNav { BACKGROUND-POSITION: left top; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: repeat-x } .sci_dirNav { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #6c9d31 } .sci_dirNavActive { =09 } .blueNav { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #0000aa } .blueNavActive { COLOR: #0000aa; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bad3f3 } .redNav { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #990000 } .redNavActive { COLOR: #990000; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f7cece } .greyNav { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f } .greyNavActive { COLOR: #7f7f7f; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6e6e6 } .greenNav { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #007703 } .greenNavActive { COLOR: #007703; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c2edc0 } .orangeNav { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cc5200 } .orangeNavActive { COLOR: #cc5200; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffdfca } TABLE.sdMainNav A:hover { TEXT-DECORATION: none } TABLE.sdMainNavCenter TD { FONT-SIZE: 1em; BORDER-LEFT: white 0.01em solid; HEIGHT: 1.82em } TABLE.sdMainNavCenter TBODY { FONT-SIZE: 1em } TD { FONT-SIZE: 1em } TR { FONT-SIZE: 1em } DIV { FONT-SIZE: 1em } TABLE.sdMainNavCenter { BORDER-RIGHT: white 0.01em solid; HEIGHT: 1.82em } TABLE.sdMainNav A { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.33em; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; = COLOR: white; PADDING-TOP: 0.19em; HEIGHT: 1.82em; TEXT-DECORATION: none } TABLE.sdMainNav A:link { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.33em; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; = COLOR: white; PADDING-TOP: 0.19em; HEIGHT: 1.82em; TEXT-DECORATION: none } TABLE.sdMainNav A:visited { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.33em; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; = COLOR: white; PADDING-TOP: 0.19em; HEIGHT: 1.82em; TEXT-DECORATION: none } DIV.sdMainNavPadding { PADDING-RIGHT: 1em; PADDING-LEFT: 1em } .alphaDivider { DISPLAY: inline; WIDTH: 0px; POSITION: relative; HEIGHT: 0px } .alphaSelect { LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: -11px; HEIGHT: 14px; = BACKGROUND-COLOR: #777777 } .libBannerText { FONT-SIZE: smaller; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif } .sci_dirBtn { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7aa544 } .sci_dirBtnHov { COLOR: #ffffff; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #1d6b2f } .blueBtn { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #0000aa } .blueBtnHov { COLOR: #0000aa; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bad3f3 } .greenBtn { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #007703 } .greenBtnHov { COLOR: #007703; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c2edc0 } .greyBtn { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f } .greyBtnHov { COLOR: #7f7f7f; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6e6e6 } .redBtn { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #990000 } .redBtnHov { COLOR: #990000; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f7cece } .orangeBtn { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cc5200 } .orangeBtnHov { COLOR: #cc5200; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffdfca } INPUT.btn { BORDER-RIGHT: #666666 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 1px; BORDER-TOP: = #666666 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 1px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: = 12px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px 1px 0px 0px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: = middle; OVERFLOW: visible; BORDER-LEFT: #666666 1px solid; WIDTH: auto; = CURSOR: pointer; COLOR: #ffffff; PADDING-TOP: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: = #666666 1px solid; TEXT-DECORATION: none } INPUT.btnhov { BORDER-RIGHT: #666666 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 1px; BORDER-TOP: = #666666 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 1px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: = 12px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px 1px 0px 0px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: = middle; OVERFLOW: visible; BORDER-LEFT: #666666 1px solid; WIDTH: auto; = CURSOR: pointer; PADDING-TOP: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #666666 1px solid; = TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.articleBtn { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 20px; BORDER-TOP: medium = none; PADDING-LEFT: 20px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; = PADDING-BOTTOM: 1px; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; CURSOR: = pointer; COLOR: #ffffff; PADDING-TOP: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; = BACKGROUND-COLOR: #999999; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.articleBtn:hover { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 20px; BORDER-TOP: medium = none; PADDING-LEFT: 20px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12px; = PADDING-BOTTOM: 1px; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; CURSOR: = pointer; COLOR: #ffffff; PADDING-TOP: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; = BACKGROUND-COLOR: #999999; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.articleBtnActive { CURSOR: default; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7aa544; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.articleBtnActive:hover { CURSOR: default; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7aa544; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.articleBtn:hover { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7aa544 } A.btn { BORDER-RIGHT: #666666 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; BORDER-TOP: = #666666 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: = 12px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1px; MARGIN: 0px 1px 0px 0px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: = middle; BORDER-LEFT: #666666 1px solid; COLOR: #ffffff; PADDING-TOP: = 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #666666 1px solid; FONT-FAMILY: arial, verdana, = helvetica, sans-serif; HEIGHT: 1.17em; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.btn:hover { BORDER-RIGHT: #666666 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; BORDER-TOP: = #666666 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: = 12px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 1px; MARGIN: 0px 1px 0px 0px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: = middle; BORDER-LEFT: #666666 1px solid; COLOR: #ffffff; PADDING-TOP: = 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #666666 1px solid; FONT-FAMILY: arial, verdana, = helvetica, sans-serif; HEIGHT: 1.17em; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.sci_dirBtn { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7aa544 } A.sci_dirBtn:hover { COLOR: #ffffff; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #1d6b2f } A.blueBtn { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #0000aa } A.blueBtn:hover { COLOR: #0000aa; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #bad3f3 } A.greenBtn { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #007703 } A.greenBtn:hover { COLOR: #007703; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c2edc0 } A.greyBtn { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f } A.greyBtn:hover { COLOR: #7f7f7f; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #e6e6e6 } A.redBtn { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #990000 } A.redBtn:hover { COLOR: #990000; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #f7cece } A.orangeBtn { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cc5200 } A.orangeBtn:hover { COLOR: #cc5200; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffdfca } A.noul:hover { TEXT-DECORATION: none } .tableFmBg { PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: #8cc919 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; = PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: = #8cc919 2px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #efefef } .sci_dirBorder { BORDER-TOP: #8cc919 2px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #8cc919 2px solid } .blueBorder { BORDER-TOP: #0000aa 2px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #0000aa 2px solid } .greenBorder { BORDER-TOP: #007703 2px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #007703 2px solid } .greyBorder { BORDER-TOP: #7f7f7f 2px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #7f7f7f 2px solid } .redBorder { BORDER-TOP: #990000 2px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #990000 2px solid } .orangeBorder { BORDER-TOP: #cc5200 2px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #cc5200 2px solid } .sci_dirBorderBtm { BORDER-BOTTOM: #8cc919 2px solid } .blueBorderBtm { BORDER-BOTTOM: #0000aa 2px solid } .greenBorderBtm { BORDER-BOTTOM: #007703 2px solid } .greyBorderBtm { BORDER-BOTTOM: #7f7f7f 2px solid } .redBorderBtm { BORDER-BOTTOM: #990000 2px solid } .orangeBorderBtm { BORDER-BOTTOM: #cc5200 2px solid } .tableFmBgGray { FONT-SIZE: 1em; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; = BACKGROUND-COLOR: #efefef } .tableFmBgGrayNoCell { PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; FONT-SIZE: 1em; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 5px; MARGIN: 5px; PADDING-TOP: 5px; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, = sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #efefef } .tableFmBgPad { MARGIN-TOP: 5px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 5px; PADDING-TOP: = 5px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #efefef } .tableFmCell { PADDING-LEFT: 10px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; = MARGIN-LEFT: 10px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; PADDING-TOP: 3px; TEXT-ALIGN: = right } .tableFmCellTop { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; PADDING-TOP: 0px; TEXT-ALIGN: = right } .tableFmCellAbove { PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; = PADDING-BOTTOM: 5px; PADDING-TOP: 5px; TEXT-ALIGN: left } .tableFmCellL { PADDING-LEFT: 10px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; = MARGIN-LEFT: 10px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; PADDING-TOP: 3px; TEXT-ALIGN: = left } .tableFmDivider { PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: = 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-TOP: 0px; HEIGHT: 2px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: = #ffffff } .redtableFmDivider { PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: = 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-TOP: 0px; HEIGHT: 2px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: = #990000 } .SDtxtLarger { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: larger; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, = sans-serif } .SDtxtSmall { FONT-SIZE: xx-small; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, = sans-serif } .SDtxtSmallBold { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 0.9em } .SDtxtNote { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 1em; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = arial, helvetica, sans-serif } .SDtxtNoteSmall { FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10px; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: = arial, helvetica, sans-serif } .SDtxtPgTitleBlack { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 150%; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: arial, = helvetica, sans-serif } A.errMsg { COLOR: #ff0000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.errMsg:hover { TEXT-DECORATION: underline } .boldText { FONT-WEIGHT: bold } .sci_dirColor { COLOR: #7aa544 } .blueColor { COLOR: #0000aa } .greenColor { COLOR: #007703 } .greyColor { COLOR: #7f7f7f } .redColor { COLOR: #990000 } .orangeColor { COLOR: #cc5200 } .tablePlainWhite { PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; = PADDING-TOP: 0px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff } .inputBox { BORDER-RIGHT: #666666 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #666666 1px solid; = FONT-SIZE: 1em; VERTICAL-ALIGN: top; BORDER-LEFT: #666666 1px solid; = BORDER-BOTTOM: #666666 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff } A.tabActive { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 20px; BORDER-TOP: medium = none; PADDING-LEFT: 20px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 1em; = PADDING-BOTTOM: 1px; MARGIN: 0px 2px 0px 0px; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; = COLOR: #ffffff; PADDING-TOP: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; = TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.tabActive:hover { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 20px; BORDER-TOP: medium = none; PADDING-LEFT: 20px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 1em; = PADDING-BOTTOM: 1px; MARGIN: 0px 2px 0px 0px; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; = COLOR: #ffffff; PADDING-TOP: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; = TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.tab { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 20px; BORDER-TOP: medium = none; PADDING-LEFT: 20px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 1em; = PADDING-BOTTOM: 1px; MARGIN: 0px 2px 0px 0px; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; = COLOR: #ffffff; PADDING-TOP: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; = BACKGROUND-COLOR: #999999; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.tab:hover { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 20px; BORDER-TOP: medium = none; PADDING-LEFT: 20px; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 1em; = PADDING-BOTTOM: 1px; MARGIN: 0px 2px 0px 0px; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; = COLOR: #ffffff; PADDING-TOP: 1px; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; = BACKGROUND-COLOR: #999999; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.sci_dirTabActive { CURSOR: default; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7aa544; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.sci_dirTabActive:hover { CURSOR: default; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7aa544; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.sci_dirTab:hover { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7aa544 } A.blueTabActive { CURSOR: default; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #0000aa; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.blueTabActive:hover { CURSOR: default; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #0000aa; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.blueTab:hover { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #0000aa } A.greenTabActive { CURSOR: default; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #007703; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.greenTabActive:hover { CURSOR: default; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #007703; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.greenTab:hover { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #007703 } A.greyTabActive { CURSOR: default; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.greyTabActive:hover { CURSOR: default; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.greyTab:hover { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #7f7f7f } A.redTabActive { CURSOR: default; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #990000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.redTabActive:hover { CURSOR: default; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #990000; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.redTab:hover { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #990000 } A.orangeTabActive { CURSOR: default; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cc5200; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.orangeTabActive:hover { CURSOR: default; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cc5200; TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.orangeTab:hover { BACKGROUND-COLOR: #cc5200 } .textBoxMultipleRow { FONT-SIZE: 1em; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; = BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff } A.nextPrev { FONT-SIZE: 1em; MARGIN: 0px 10px; WIDTH: 1%; COLOR: #ffffff; = TEXT-DECORATION: none } A.nextPrev:hover { FONT-SIZE: 1em; MARGIN: 0px 10px; WIDTH: 1%; COLOR: #ffffff; = TEXT-DECORATION: underline } INPUT.nextPrev { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 1px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 1px; FONT-SIZE: 1em; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px 5px; = VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; OVERFLOW: visible; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; = WIDTH: auto; COLOR: #0000ee; PADDING-TOP: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium = none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; TEXT-DECORATION: none } INPUT.nextPrevHov { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 1px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 1px; FONT-SIZE: 1em; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px 5px; = VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; OVERFLOW: visible; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; = WIDTH: auto; COLOR: #0000ee; PADDING-TOP: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium = none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; TEXT-DECORATION: underline } INPUT.listAction { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 1px; BORDER-TOP: medium none; = PADDING-LEFT: 1px; FONT-SIZE: 0.95em; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px = 5px; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; OVERFLOW: visible; BORDER-LEFT: medium = none; WIDTH: auto; CURSOR: pointer; COLOR: #000000; PADDING-TOP: 0px; = BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; = TEXT-DECORATION: none } .smCaps { FONT-VARIANT: small-caps } .nowrap { WHITE-SPACE: nowrap } SPAN.hit { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #ff0000 } SPAN.bf { FONT-WEIGHT: bold } SPAN.it { FONT-STYLE: italic } SPAN.monospace { FONT-FAMILY: courier } SPAN.sans-serif { FONT-FAMILY: sans-serif } SPAN.underline { TEXT-DECORATION: underline } SPAN.pit { FONT-SIZE: 0.9em; COLOR: #737373; FONT-FAMILY: arial, verdana, = helvetica, sans-serif } .charImg { BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; VERTICAL-ALIGN: = baseline; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none } SPAN.cross-out { TEXT-DECORATION: line-through } .h1 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 2em; FONT-FAMILY: = arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif } .h2 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 1.3em; FONT-FAMILY: = arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif } .h3 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 1.2em; FONT-FAMILY: = arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif } .h4 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 1.1em; FONT-FAMILY: = arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif } .h5 { FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 1em; FONT-FAMILY: = arial,verdana,helvetica,sans-serif } .ImageScroller { OVERFLOW: auto; WIDTH: 100% } .ImageScrollerPurchHist { OVERFLOW: auto; WIDTH: 455px } .ImageScrollerPurchCurr { OVERFLOW: auto; WIDTH: 415px } DIV.auto_complete { BORDER-RIGHT: #888 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: #888 1px = solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; Z-INDEX: 100; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: = 0px; BORDER-LEFT: #888 1px solid; WIDTH: 250px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; = BORDER-BOTTOM: #888 1px solid; POSITION: absolute; BACKGROUND-COLOR: = white } DIV.auto_complete UL { PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: = 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; LIST-STYLE-TYPE: none } DIV.auto_complete UL LI.selected { COLOR: white; BACKGROUND-COLOR: blue } DIV.auto_complete UL LI { PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; DISPLAY: block; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-BOTTOM: = 2px; MARGIN: 0px; CURSOR: pointer; PADDING-TOP: 2px; LIST-STYLE-TYPE: = none } .previewBox { BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; = DISPLAY: none; PADDING-LEFT: 10px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 10px; BORDER-LEFT: = 1px solid; WIDTH: 95%; PADDING-TOP: 10px; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid; = HEIGHT: 325px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eeeeee } .previewBar1 { CLEAR: both; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.5em; DISPLAY: block; PADDING-LEFT: 0.5em; = FLOAT: none; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.5em; PADDING-TOP: 0.5em; = BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff } .previewBar2 { DISPLAY: block; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-BOTTOM: #cccccc = 1px solid; HEIGHT: 20px } .previewContent { PADDING-RIGHT: 0.5em; PADDING-LEFT: 0.5em; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.5em; = OVERFLOW: auto; PADDING-TOP: 0.5em; HEIGHT: 280px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: = #ffffff } .txtHidden { LEFT: 0px; OVERFLOW: hidden; WIDTH: 1px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: = -500px; HEIGHT: 1px } .font1 { FONT-SIZE: 0.8em } .font2 { FONT-SIZE: 0.9em } .font3 { FONT-SIZE: 1em } .font4 { FONT-SIZE: 1.1em } .font5 { FONT-SIZE: 1.2em } .resultRow { BORDER-TOP: #eeeeee 1px solid } A.blackLink { FONT-SIZE: 0.95em; COLOR: #000000 } ------=_NextPart_000_004B_01C8EB47.1B269D60 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/page/javascript/article.js //infoBubble.js=0A= var OPAC =3D 0;=0A= var InfoBubble =3D {=0A= =0A= bubbleTimeout: 1,=0A= currentBubble: null,=0A= timeoutBubbleID: null,=0A= currentLink: null,=0A= =0A= show: function(aID, bID) {=0A= var disableFade =3D 0;=0A= if(this.currentBubble) {=0A= disableFade =3D 1;=0A= }=0A= var aBubble =3D document.getElementById(aID);=0A= if(aBubble && aBubble !=3D this.currentBubble) {=0A= this.hide();=0A= var aBubbleLink =3D document.getElementById(bID);=0A= aBubbleLink.style.background =3D '#EFEFEF';=0A= this.currentLink =3D aBubbleLink;=0A= if(disableFade =3D=3D 0) {=0A= aBubble.style.filter =3D 'alpha(opacity=3D0)';=0A= aBubble.style.opacity =3D 0;=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= aBubble.style.filter =3D '';=0A= aBubble.style.opacity =3D '';=0A= }=0A= aBubble.style.display =3D 'inline';=0A= var heightFromTop =3D findPosY(aBubble) - document.body.scrollTop;=0A= if(getWindowHeight() < (aBubble.offsetHeight + heightFromTop)) {=0A= aBubble.style.top =3D (getWindowHeight() - (aBubble.offsetHeight = + heightFromTop)) - 5;=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= if(heightFromTop < 0) {=0A= aBubble.style.top =3D (Math.abs(heightFromTop)) + 5;=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= aBubble.style.top =3D 5;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= this.currentBubble =3D aBubble;=0A= if(disableFade =3D=3D 0) {=0A= setTimeout('InfoBubble.fadeIn()',300);=0A= OPAC =3D 0;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= if(this.timeoutBubbleID) {=0A= clearTimeout(this.timeoutBubbleID);=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= hide: function() {=0A= if(this.currentBubble) {=0A= this.currentLink.style.background =3D '#F6F6F6';=0A= this.currentBubble.style.display =3D 'none';=0A= this.currentBubble.style.top =3D 0;=0A= this.currentBubble =3D null;=0A= if(this.timeoutBubbleID) {=0A= clearTimeout(this.timeoutBubbleID);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= timeout: function() {=0A= if(OPAC =3D=3D 0) {=0A= InfoBubble.hide();=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= this.timeoutBubbleID =3D setTimeout('InfoBubble.hide()', = this.bubbleTimeout * 1000);=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= fadeIn: function() {=0A= if(this.currentBubble) {=0A= OPAC =3D OPAC + .10;=0A= OPAC =3D (OPAC>1)?1:OPAC;=0A= this.currentBubble.style.filter =3D = 'alpha(opacity=3D'+parseInt(100*OPAC)+')';=0A= this.currentBubble.style.opacity =3D OPAC;=0A= if(OPAC<1) {=0A= setTimeout('InfoBubble.fadeIn()',25);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function findPosY(obj) {=0A= var curtop =3D 0;=0A= if(obj.offsetParent) {=0A= while(1) {=0A= curtop +=3D obj.offsetTop;=0A= if(!obj.offsetParent) { break; }=0A= obj =3D obj.offsetParent;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= else if(obj.y) {=0A= curtop +=3D obj.y;=0A= }=0A= return curtop;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function getWindowHeight() {=0A= var windowHeight=3D0;=0A= if(typeof(window.innerHeight) =3D=3D 'number') {=0A= windowHeight =3D window.innerHeight;=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= if(document.documentElement && = document.documentElement.clientHeight) {=0A= windowHeight =3D document.documentElement.clientHeight;=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= if(document.body && document.body.clientHeight) {=0A= windowHeight =3D document.body.clientHeight;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= return windowHeight;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function toggleMLKT(uoi, imgDefault, imgFlip, urlPrefix) {=0A= var mlktItems =3D document.getElementById('mlkt');=0A= if(mlktItems.style.display =3D=3D "none") {=0A= var mlktList =3D document.getElementById('mlktList');=0A= mlktItems.style.display =3D '';=0A= document.getElementById('mlktArrow').src =3D imgDefault;=0A= if(mlktList.innerHTML.length =3D=3D 0) {=0A= mlktList.innerHTML =3D 'LOADING...';=0A= =0A= new Ajax.Updater('mlktList', urlPrefix+'/mlkt/2/'+uoi, = {method:'get'});=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= new Ajax.Request(urlPrefix+'/mlkt/1', {method:'get'});=0A= }=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= mlktItems.style.display =3D 'none';=0A= document.getElementById('mlktArrow').src =3D imgFlip;=0A= new Ajax.Request(urlPrefix+'/mlkt/0', {method:'get'});=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function mlktHover(hoverOver, imgPrefix) {=0A= var mlktItems =3D document.getElementById('mlkt');=0A= var mlktImg =3D document.getElementById('mlktArrow');=0A= if(mlktItems.style.display =3D=3D "none") {=0A= if(hoverOver =3D=3D 1) {=0A= mlktImg.src =3D imgPrefix + 'btn_arrow_down_on.gif';=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= mlktImg.src =3D imgPrefix + 'btn_arrow_down_off.gif';=0A= }=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= if(hoverOver =3D=3D 1) {=0A= mlktImg.src =3D imgPrefix + 'btn_arrow_up_on.gif';=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= mlktImg.src =3D imgPrefix + 'btn_arrow_up_off.gif';=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= // referenceBubble.js=0A= var RefPreview =3D {=0A= =0A= previewTimeout: 1,=0A= currentPreview: null,=0A= timeoutPreviewID: null,=0A= =0A= showRef: function(event, elemId, boxId) {=0A= var disableFade =3D 0;=0A= if(this.currentPreview) {=0A= disableFade =3D 1;=0A= }=0A= var refPrev =3D document.getElementById(boxId);=0A= var reference =3D document.getElementById(elemId);=0A= if(reference =3D=3D null || reference.innerHTML.length <=3D 0) { = return; }=0A= =0A= if (document.getElementById('refCon') !=3D null) {=0A= var d =3D document.getElementById('refCon');=0A= d.parentNode.removeChild( d );=0A= }=0A= =0A= var newSpan =3D document.createElement("span");=0A= newSpan.setAttribute('id', 'refCon');=0A= newSpan.innerHTML =3D reference.innerHTML;=0A= refPrev.appendChild(newSpan);=0A= =0A= if(refPrev !=3D this.currentPreview) {=0A= this.hide();=0A= if(disableFade =3D=3D 0) {=0A= refPrev.style.filter =3D 'alpha(opacity=3D0)';=0A= refPrev.style.opacity =3D 0;=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= refPrev.style.filter =3D '';=0A= refPrev.style.opacity =3D '';=0A= }=0A= var x =3D 0;=0A= var y =3D 0;=0A= =0A= var maxX;=0A= var maxY;=0A= =0A= refPrev.style.position=3D"absolute";=0A= refPrev.style.display =3D "block";=0A= var divX =3D refPrev.offsetWidth;=0A= var divY =3D refPrev.offsetHeight;=0A= =0A= if (document.all && !window.opera) {=0A= if (document.documentElement && = document.documentElement.scrollTop) {=0A= maxX =3D document.documentElement.clientWidth + = document.documentElement.scrollLeft - divX;=0A= maxY =3D document.documentElement.clientHeight + = document.documentElement.scrollTop - divY;=0A= y =3D event.clientY + document.documentElement.scrollTop + 10;=0A= x =3D event.clientX + document.documentElement.scrollLeft + 15;=0A= } else {=0A= maxX =3D document.body.clientWidth + document.body.scrollLeft = - divX;=0A= maxY =3D document.body.clientHeight + document.body.scrollTop = - divY;=0A= =0A= y =3D event.clientY + document.body.scrollTop + 10;=0A= x =3D event.clientX + document.body.scrollLeft + 15;=0A= }=0A= } else {=0A= maxX =3D window.innerWidth + window.pageXOffset - divX;=0A= maxY =3D window.innerHeight + window.pageYOffset - divY;=0A= =0A= y =3D event.pageY + 10;=0A= x =3D event.pageX + 15;=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (x > maxX) {=0A= x =3D maxX - 25;=0A= }=0A= if (y > maxY) {=0A= y =3D maxY - 30;=0A= }=0A= =0A= refPrev.style.top =3D y + "px";=0A= refPrev.style.left =3D x + "px";=0A= =0A= this.currentPreview =3D refPrev;=0A= if(disableFade =3D=3D 0) {=0A= setTimeout('RefPreview.fadeIn()',100);=0A= OPAC =3D 0;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= if(this.timeoutPreviewID) {=0A= clearTimeout(this.timeoutPreviewID);=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= hide: function() {=0A= if(this.currentPreview) {=0A= this.currentPreview.style.display =3D 'none';=0A= this.currentPreview =3D null;=0A= if(this.timeoutPreviewID) {=0A= clearTimeout(this.timeoutPreviewID);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= hideRef: function() {=0A= if(OPAC =3D=3D 0) {=0A= RefPreview.hide();=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= this.timeoutPreviewID =3D setTimeout('RefPreview.hide()', = this.previewTimeout * 2000);=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= fadeIn: function() {=0A= if(this.currentPreview) {=0A= OPAC =3D OPAC + .10;=0A= OPAC =3D (OPAC>1)?1:OPAC;=0A= this.currentPreview.style.filter =3D = 'alpha(opacity=3D'+parseInt(100*OPAC)+')';=0A= this.currentPreview.style.opacity =3D OPAC;=0A= if(OPAC<1) {=0A= setTimeout('RefPreview.fadeIn()',25);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= // resizableImages.js=0A= //_____________ The following arrays are synched with each other...=0A= var resizableImages =3D new Array();=0A= var resizableImageBaseWidth =3D new Array();=0A= var resizableImageLinks =3D new Array();=0A= //_____________ End of synched arrays=0A= =0A= var resizableRefsInitilized =3D 0;=0A= var NaturalWidthSupported =3D 0;=0A= =0A= =0A= // RESIZE_CLIENT_ADJUST_PX=0A= // -- reflects the amount of space for the FAT TAB Inner div=0A= // and misc margins (...).=0A= var RESIZE_CLIENT_ADJUST_PX =3D 395;=0A= =0A= function setNaturalWidthSupported(inResizableImage) {=0A= if (inResizableImage.naturalWidth)=0A= {=0A= NaturalWidthSupported =3D 1;=0A= } else {=0A= NaturalWidthSupported =3D 0;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function getBaseWidth(inImage) {=0A= var baseWidth =3D 0;=0A= if (inImage.naturalWidth)=0A= {=0A= baseWidth =3D inImage.naturalWidth;=0A= } else {=0A= var imageTargetWidth;=0A= var imgClone =3D inImage.cloneNode(0);=0A= inImage.className =3D '';=0A= inImage.style.width =3D 'auto';=0A= inImage.style.height =3D 'auto';=0A= inImage.style.borderWidth =3D '0';=0A= inImage.style.padding =3D '0';=0A= inImage.removeAttribute('width');=0A= inImage.removeAttribute('height');=0A= baseWidth =3D parseInt(inImage.width);=0A= if ((parseInt(document.body.clientWidth)- RESIZE_CLIENT_ADJUST_PX)=0A= < baseWidth)=0A= {=0A= imageTargetWidth =3D parseInt(document.body.clientWidth)-=0A= RESIZE_CLIENT_ADJUST_PX;=0A= }=0A= else=0A= {=0A= imageTargetWidth =3D baseWidth;=0A= }=0A= inImage.setAttribute('width' , '' + imageTargetWidth + 'px' );=0A= inImage.setAttribute('height', 'auto' );=0A= inImage.setAttribute('height', imgClone.getAttribute('height') );=0A= inImage.style.width =3D "" + imageTargetWidth + "px";=0A= inImage.style.height =3D 'auto';=0A= inImage.className =3D imgClone.className ;=0A= inImage.style.padding =3D imgClone.style.padding ;=0A= inImage.style.borderWidth=3D imgClone.style.borderWidth ;=0A= }=0A= return(baseWidth);=0A= }=0A= =0A= function initResizableRefs() {=0A= if (! resizableRefsInitilized)=0A= {=0A= var resizableContainers;=0A= var currentResizableImages; // should be collection of 1=0A= var currentResizableLinks; // should be collection of 1=0A= =0A= resizableContainers =3D getElementsByClassName(document,=0A= 'DIV',=0A= 'sizeImgBox');=0A= for(var k=3D0;k 0) &&=0A= (currentResizableLinks.length > 0))=0A= {=0A= resizableImages.push(currentResizableImages[0]);=0A= resizableImageLinks.push(currentResizableLinks[0]);=0A= resizableImageBaseWidth.push(=0A= getBaseWidth(currentResizableImages[0],=0A= resizableContainers[k]));=0A= if (resizableImages.length =3D=3D 1)=0A= {=0A= setNaturalWidthSupported(currentResizableImages[0]);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= resizableRefsInitilized =3D 1;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function setVisibilityOfResizableImageLinks() {=0A= var currentResizableImage;=0A= var currentResizableLink;=0A= =0A= initResizableRefs();=0A= =0A= for(var k=3D0;k 0) &&=0A= (currentScrollableTableLinks.length > 0))=0A= {=0A= currentScrollableTables =3D getElementsByClassName(=0A= = currentScrollableTableDivs[0],=0A= 'TABLE',=0A= '*');=0A= if (currentScrollableTables.length > 0) {=0A= scrollableTableDivs.push(currentScrollableTableDivs[0]);=0A= scrollableTables.push(currentScrollableTables[0]);=0A= scrollableTableLinks.push(currentScrollableTableLinks[0]);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= scrollableTableRefsInitilized =3D 1;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function setVisibilityOfScrollableTableLinks() {=0A= initScrollableTableRefs();=0A= =0A= for(var k=3D0;k -1,=0A= Gecko: navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Gecko') > -1 && = navigator.userAgent.indexOf('KHTML') =3D=3D -1,=0A= MobileSafari: !!navigator.userAgent.match(/Apple.*Mobile.*Safari/)=0A= },=0A= =0A= BrowserFeatures: {=0A= XPath: !!document.evaluate,=0A= ElementExtensions: !!window.HTMLElement,=0A= SpecificElementExtensions:=0A= document.createElement('div').__proto__ &&=0A= document.createElement('div').__proto__ !=3D=3D=0A= document.createElement('form').__proto__=0A= },=0A= =0A= ScriptFragment: ']*>([\\S\\s]*?)<\/script>',=0A= JSONFilter: /^\/\*-secure-([\s\S]*)\*\/\s*$/,=0A= =0A= emptyFunction: function() { },=0A= K: function(x) { return x }=0A= };=0A= =0A= if (Prototype.Browser.MobileSafari)=0A= Prototype.BrowserFeatures.SpecificElementExtensions =3D false;=0A= =0A= if (Prototype.Browser.WebKit)=0A= Prototype.BrowserFeatures.XPath =3D false;=0A= =0A= /* Based on Alex Arnell's inheritance implementation. */=0A= var Class =3D {=0A= create: function() {=0A= var parent =3D null, properties =3D $A(arguments);=0A= if (Object.isFunction(properties[0]))=0A= parent =3D properties.shift();=0A= =0A= function klass() {=0A= this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);=0A= }=0A= =0A= Object.extend(klass, Class.Methods);=0A= klass.superclass =3D parent;=0A= klass.subclasses =3D [];=0A= =0A= if (parent) {=0A= var subclass =3D function() { };=0A= subclass.prototype =3D parent.prototype;=0A= klass.prototype =3D new subclass;=0A= parent.subclasses.push(klass);=0A= }=0A= =0A= for (var i =3D 0; i < properties.length; i++)=0A= klass.addMethods(properties[i]);=0A= =0A= if (!klass.prototype.initialize)=0A= klass.prototype.initialize =3D Prototype.emptyFunction;=0A= =0A= klass.prototype.constructor =3D klass;=0A= =0A= return klass;=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= Class.Methods =3D {=0A= addMethods: function(source) {=0A= var ancestor =3D this.superclass && this.superclass.prototype;=0A= var properties =3D Object.keys(source);=0A= =0A= if (!Object.keys({ toString: true }).length)=0A= properties.push("toString", "valueOf");=0A= =0A= for (var i =3D 0, length =3D properties.length; i < length; i++) {=0A= var property =3D properties[i], value =3D source[property];=0A= if (ancestor && Object.isFunction(value) &&=0A= value.argumentNames().first() =3D=3D "$super") {=0A= var method =3D value, value =3D Object.extend((function(m) {=0A= return function() { return ancestor[m].apply(this, arguments) = };=0A= })(property).wrap(method), {=0A= valueOf: function() { return method },=0A= toString: function() { return method.toString() }=0A= });=0A= }=0A= this.prototype[property] =3D value;=0A= }=0A= =0A= return this;=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= var Abstract =3D { };=0A= =0A= Object.extend =3D function(destination, source) {=0A= for (var property in source)=0A= destination[property] =3D source[property];=0A= return destination;=0A= };=0A= =0A= Object.extend(Object, {=0A= inspect: function(object) {=0A= try {=0A= if (object =3D=3D=3D undefined) return 'undefined';=0A= if (object =3D=3D=3D null) return 'null';=0A= return object.inspect ? object.inspect() : object.toString();=0A= } catch (e) {=0A= if (e instanceof RangeError) return '...';=0A= throw e;=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= toJSON: function(object) {=0A= var type =3D typeof object;=0A= switch (type) {=0A= case 'undefined':=0A= case 'function':=0A= case 'unknown': return;=0A= case 'boolean': return object.toString();=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (object =3D=3D=3D null) return 'null';=0A= if (object.toJSON) return object.toJSON();=0A= if (Object.isElement(object)) return;=0A= =0A= var results =3D [];=0A= for (var property in object) {=0A= var value =3D Object.toJSON(object[property]);=0A= if (value !=3D=3D undefined)=0A= results.push(property.toJSON() + ': ' + value);=0A= }=0A= =0A= return '{' + results.join(', ') + '}';=0A= },=0A= =0A= toQueryString: function(object) {=0A= return $H(object).toQueryString();=0A= },=0A= =0A= toHTML: function(object) {=0A= return object && object.toHTML ? object.toHTML() : = String.interpret(object);=0A= },=0A= =0A= keys: function(object) {=0A= var keys =3D [];=0A= for (var property in object)=0A= keys.push(property);=0A= return keys;=0A= },=0A= =0A= values: function(object) {=0A= var values =3D [];=0A= for (var property in object)=0A= values.push(object[property]);=0A= return values;=0A= },=0A= =0A= clone: function(object) {=0A= return Object.extend({ }, object);=0A= },=0A= =0A= isElement: function(object) {=0A= return object && object.nodeType =3D=3D 1;=0A= },=0A= =0A= isArray: function(object) {=0A= return object && object.constructor =3D=3D=3D Array;=0A= },=0A= =0A= isHash: function(object) {=0A= return object instanceof Hash;=0A= },=0A= =0A= isFunction: function(object) {=0A= return typeof object =3D=3D "function";=0A= },=0A= =0A= isString: function(object) {=0A= return typeof object =3D=3D "string";=0A= },=0A= =0A= isNumber: function(object) {=0A= return typeof object =3D=3D "number";=0A= },=0A= =0A= isUndefined: function(object) {=0A= return typeof object =3D=3D "undefined";=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= Object.extend(Function.prototype, {=0A= argumentNames: function() {=0A= var names =3D = this.toString().match(/^[\s$]*function[^(]*\((.*?)$/)[1].split(",").inv= oke("strip");=0A= return names.length =3D=3D 1 && !names[0] ? [] : names;=0A= },=0A= =0A= bind: function() {=0A= if (arguments.length < 2 && arguments[0] =3D=3D=3D undefined) return = this;=0A= var __method =3D this, args =3D $A(arguments), object =3D = args.shift();=0A= return function() {=0A= return __method.apply(object, args.concat($A(arguments)));=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= bindAsEventListener: function() {=0A= var __method =3D this, args =3D $A(arguments), object =3D = args.shift();=0A= return function(event) {=0A= return __method.apply(object, [event || = window.event].concat(args));=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= curry: function() {=0A= if (!arguments.length) return this;=0A= var __method =3D this, args =3D $A(arguments);=0A= return function() {=0A= return __method.apply(this, args.concat($A(arguments)));=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= delay: function() {=0A= var __method =3D this, args =3D $A(arguments), timeout =3D = args.shift() * 1000;=0A= return window.setTimeout(function() {=0A= return __method.apply(__method, args);=0A= }, timeout);=0A= },=0A= =0A= wrap: function(wrapper) {=0A= var __method =3D this;=0A= return function() {=0A= return wrapper.apply(this, = [__method.bind(this)].concat($A(arguments)));=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= methodize: function() {=0A= if (this._methodized) return this._methodized;=0A= var __method =3D this;=0A= return this._methodized =3D function() {=0A= return __method.apply(null, [this].concat($A(arguments)));=0A= };=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= Function.prototype.defer =3D Function.prototype.delay.curry(0.01);=0A= =0A= Date.prototype.toJSON =3D function() {=0A= return '"' + this.getUTCFullYear() + '-' +=0A= (this.getUTCMonth() + 1).toPaddedString(2) + '-' +=0A= this.getUTCDate().toPaddedString(2) + 'T' +=0A= this.getUTCHours().toPaddedString(2) + ':' +=0A= this.getUTCMinutes().toPaddedString(2) + ':' +=0A= this.getUTCSeconds().toPaddedString(2) + 'Z"';=0A= };=0A= =0A= var Try =3D {=0A= these: function() {=0A= var returnValue;=0A= =0A= for (var i =3D 0, length =3D arguments.length; i < length; i++) {=0A= var lambda =3D arguments[i];=0A= try {=0A= returnValue =3D lambda();=0A= break;=0A= } catch (e) { }=0A= }=0A= =0A= return returnValue;=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= RegExp.prototype.match =3D RegExp.prototype.test;=0A= =0A= RegExp.escape =3D function(str) {=0A= return String(str).replace(/([.*+?^=3D!:${}()|[\]\/\\])/g, '\\$1');=0A= };=0A= =0A= /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------= ---*/=0A= =0A= var PeriodicalExecuter =3D Class.create({=0A= initialize: function(callback, frequency) {=0A= this.callback =3D callback;=0A= this.frequency =3D frequency;=0A= this.currentlyExecuting =3D false;=0A= =0A= this.registerCallback();=0A= },=0A= =0A= registerCallback: function() {=0A= this.timer =3D setInterval(this.onTimerEvent.bind(this), = this.frequency * 1000);=0A= },=0A= =0A= execute: function() {=0A= this.callback(this);=0A= },=0A= =0A= stop: function() {=0A= if (!this.timer) return;=0A= clearInterval(this.timer);=0A= this.timer =3D null;=0A= },=0A= =0A= onTimerEvent: function() {=0A= if (!this.currentlyExecuting) {=0A= try {=0A= this.currentlyExecuting =3D true;=0A= this.execute();=0A= } finally {=0A= this.currentlyExecuting =3D false;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= });=0A= Object.extend(String, {=0A= interpret: function(value) {=0A= return value =3D=3D null ? '' : String(value);=0A= },=0A= specialChar: {=0A= '\b': '\\b',=0A= '\t': '\\t',=0A= '\n': '\\n',=0A= '\f': '\\f',=0A= '\r': '\\r',=0A= '\\': '\\\\'=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= Object.extend(String.prototype, {=0A= gsub: function(pattern, replacement) {=0A= var result =3D '', source =3D this, match;=0A= replacement =3D arguments.callee.prepareReplacement(replacement);=0A= =0A= while (source.length > 0) {=0A= if (match =3D source.match(pattern)) {=0A= result +=3D source.slice(0, match.index);=0A= result +=3D String.interpret(replacement(match));=0A= source =3D source.slice(match.index + match[0].length);=0A= } else {=0A= result +=3D source, source =3D '';=0A= }=0A= }=0A= return result;=0A= },=0A= =0A= sub: function(pattern, replacement, count) {=0A= replacement =3D this.gsub.prepareReplacement(replacement);=0A= count =3D count =3D=3D=3D undefined ? 1 : count;=0A= =0A= return this.gsub(pattern, function(match) {=0A= if (--count < 0) return match[0];=0A= return replacement(match);=0A= });=0A= },=0A= =0A= scan: function(pattern, iterator) {=0A= this.gsub(pattern, iterator);=0A= return String(this);=0A= },=0A= =0A= truncate: function(length, truncation) {=0A= length =3D length || 30;=0A= truncation =3D truncation =3D=3D=3D undefined ? '...' : truncation;=0A= return this.length > length ?=0A= this.slice(0, length - truncation.length) + truncation : = String(this);=0A= },=0A= =0A= strip: function() {=0A= return this.replace(/^\s+/, '').replace(/\s+$/, '');=0A= },=0A= =0A= stripTags: function() {=0A= return this.replace(/<\/?[^>]+>/gi, '');=0A= },=0A= =0A= stripScripts: function() {=0A= return this.replace(new RegExp(Prototype.ScriptFragment, 'img'), '');=0A= },=0A= =0A= extractScripts: function() {=0A= var matchAll =3D new RegExp(Prototype.ScriptFragment, 'img');=0A= var matchOne =3D new RegExp(Prototype.ScriptFragment, 'im');=0A= return (this.match(matchAll) || []).map(function(scriptTag) {=0A= return (scriptTag.match(matchOne) || ['', ''])[1];=0A= });=0A= },=0A= =0A= evalScripts: function() {=0A= return this.extractScripts().map(function(script) { return = eval(script) });=0A= },=0A= =0A= escapeHTML: function() {=0A= var self =3D arguments.callee;=0A= self.text.data =3D this;=0A= return self.div.innerHTML;=0A= },=0A= =0A= unescapeHTML: function() {=0A= var div =3D new Element('div');=0A= div.innerHTML =3D this.stripTags();=0A= return div.childNodes[0] ? (div.childNodes.length > 1 ?=0A= $A(div.childNodes).inject('', function(memo, node) { return = memo+node.nodeValue }) :=0A= div.childNodes[0].nodeValue) : '';=0A= },=0A= =0A= toQueryParams: function(separator) {=0A= var match =3D this.strip().match(/([^?#]*)(#.*)?$/);=0A= if (!match) return { };=0A= =0A= return match[1].split(separator || '&').inject({ }, function(hash, = pair) {=0A= if ((pair =3D pair.split('=3D'))[0]) {=0A= var key =3D decodeURIComponent(pair.shift());=0A= var value =3D pair.length > 1 ? pair.join('=3D') : pair[0];=0A= if (value !=3D undefined) value =3D decodeURIComponent(value);=0A= =0A= if (key in hash) {=0A= if (!Object.isArray(hash[key])) hash[key] =3D [hash[key]];=0A= hash[key].push(value);=0A= }=0A= else hash[key] =3D value;=0A= }=0A= return hash;=0A= });=0A= },=0A= =0A= toArray: function() {=0A= return this.split('');=0A= },=0A= =0A= succ: function() {=0A= return this.slice(0, this.length - 1) +=0A= String.fromCharCode(this.charCodeAt(this.length - 1) + 1);=0A= },=0A= =0A= times: function(count) {=0A= return count < 1 ? '' : new Array(count + 1).join(this);=0A= },=0A= =0A= camelize: function() {=0A= var parts =3D this.split('-'), len =3D parts.length;=0A= if (len =3D=3D 1) return parts[0];=0A= =0A= var camelized =3D this.charAt(0) =3D=3D '-'=0A= ? parts[0].charAt(0).toUpperCase() + parts[0].substring(1)=0A= : parts[0];=0A= =0A= for (var i =3D 1; i < len; i++)=0A= camelized +=3D parts[i].charAt(0).toUpperCase() + = parts[i].substring(1);=0A= =0A= return camelized;=0A= },=0A= =0A= capitalize: function() {=0A= return this.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + = this.substring(1).toLowerCase();=0A= },=0A= =0A= underscore: function() {=0A= return this.gsub(/::/, = '/').gsub(/([A-Z]+)([A-Z][a-z])/,'#{1}_#{2}').gsub(/([a-z\d])([A-Z])/,'#{= 1}_#{2}').gsub(/-/,'_').toLowerCase();=0A= },=0A= =0A= dasherize: function() {=0A= return this.gsub(/_/,'-');=0A= },=0A= =0A= inspect: function(useDoubleQuotes) {=0A= var escapedString =3D this.gsub(/[\x00-\x1f\\]/, function(match) {=0A= var character =3D String.specialChar[match[0]];=0A= return character ? character : '\\u00' + = match[0].charCodeAt().toPaddedString(2, 16);=0A= });=0A= if (useDoubleQuotes) return '"' + escapedString.replace(/"/g, '\\"') = + '"';=0A= return "'" + escapedString.replace(/'/g, '\\\'') + "'";=0A= },=0A= =0A= toJSON: function() {=0A= return this.inspect(true);=0A= },=0A= =0A= unfilterJSON: function(filter) {=0A= return this.sub(filter || Prototype.JSONFilter, '#{1}');=0A= },=0A= =0A= isJSON: function() {=0A= var str =3D this.replace(/\\./g, '@').replace(/"[^"\\\n\r]*"/g, '');=0A= return (/^[,:{}\[\]0-9.\-+Eaeflnr-u \n\r\t]*$/).test(str);=0A= },=0A= =0A= evalJSON: function(sanitize) {=0A= var json =3D this.unfilterJSON();=0A= try {=0A= if (!sanitize || json.isJSON()) return eval('(' + json + ')');=0A= } catch (e) { }=0A= throw new SyntaxError('Badly formed JSON string: ' + this.inspect());=0A= },=0A= =0A= include: function(pattern) {=0A= return this.indexOf(pattern) > -1;=0A= },=0A= =0A= startsWith: function(pattern) {=0A= return this.indexOf(pattern) =3D=3D=3D 0;=0A= },=0A= =0A= endsWith: function(pattern) {=0A= var d =3D this.length - pattern.length;=0A= return d >=3D 0 && this.lastIndexOf(pattern) =3D=3D=3D d;=0A= },=0A= =0A= empty: function() {=0A= return this =3D=3D '';=0A= },=0A= =0A= blank: function() {=0A= return /^\s*$/.test(this);=0A= },=0A= =0A= interpolate: function(object, pattern) {=0A= return new Template(this, pattern).evaluate(object);=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= if (Prototype.Browser.WebKit || Prototype.Browser.IE) = Object.extend(String.prototype, {=0A= escapeHTML: function() {=0A= return = this.replace(/&/g,'&').replace(//g,'>');=0A= },=0A= unescapeHTML: function() {=0A= return = this.replace(/&/g,'&').replace(/</g,'<').replace(/>/g,'>');=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= String.prototype.gsub.prepareReplacement =3D function(replacement) {=0A= if (Object.isFunction(replacement)) return replacement;=0A= var template =3D new Template(replacement);=0A= return function(match) { return template.evaluate(match) };=0A= };=0A= =0A= String.prototype.parseQuery =3D String.prototype.toQueryParams;=0A= =0A= Object.extend(String.prototype.escapeHTML, {=0A= div: document.createElement('div'),=0A= text: document.createTextNode('')=0A= });=0A= =0A= with (String.prototype.escapeHTML) div.appendChild(text);=0A= =0A= var Template =3D Class.create({=0A= initialize: function(template, pattern) {=0A= this.template =3D template.toString();=0A= this.pattern =3D pattern || Template.Pattern;=0A= },=0A= =0A= evaluate: function(object) {=0A= if (Object.isFunction(object.toTemplateReplacements))=0A= object =3D object.toTemplateReplacements();=0A= =0A= return this.template.gsub(this.pattern, function(match) {=0A= if (object =3D=3D null) return '';=0A= =0A= var before =3D match[1] || '';=0A= if (before =3D=3D '\\') return match[2];=0A= =0A= var ctx =3D object, expr =3D match[3];=0A= var pattern =3D /^([^.[]+|\[((?:.*?[^\\])?)\])(\.|\[|$)/, match = =3D pattern.exec(expr);=0A= if (match =3D=3D null) return before;=0A= =0A= while (match !=3D null) {=0A= var comp =3D match[1].startsWith('[') ? match[2].gsub('\\\\]', = ']') : match[1];=0A= ctx =3D ctx[comp];=0A= if (null =3D=3D ctx || '' =3D=3D match[3]) break;=0A= expr =3D expr.substring('[' =3D=3D match[3] ? match[1].length : = match[0].length);=0A= match =3D pattern.exec(expr);=0A= }=0A= =0A= return before + String.interpret(ctx);=0A= }.bind(this));=0A= }=0A= });=0A= Template.Pattern =3D /(^|.|\r|\n)(#\{(.*?)\})/;=0A= =0A= var $break =3D { };=0A= =0A= var Enumerable =3D {=0A= each: function(iterator, context) {=0A= var index =3D 0;=0A= iterator =3D iterator.bind(context);=0A= try {=0A= this._each(function(value) {=0A= iterator(value, index++);=0A= });=0A= } catch (e) {=0A= if (e !=3D $break) throw e;=0A= }=0A= return this;=0A= },=0A= =0A= eachSlice: function(number, iterator, context) {=0A= iterator =3D iterator ? iterator.bind(context) : Prototype.K;=0A= var index =3D -number, slices =3D [], array =3D this.toArray();=0A= while ((index +=3D number) < array.length)=0A= slices.push(array.slice(index, index+number));=0A= return slices.collect(iterator, context);=0A= },=0A= =0A= all: function(iterator, context) {=0A= iterator =3D iterator ? iterator.bind(context) : Prototype.K;=0A= var result =3D true;=0A= this.each(function(value, index) {=0A= result =3D result && !!iterator(value, index);=0A= if (!result) throw $break;=0A= });=0A= return result;=0A= },=0A= =0A= any: function(iterator, context) {=0A= iterator =3D iterator ? iterator.bind(context) : Prototype.K;=0A= var result =3D false;=0A= this.each(function(value, index) {=0A= if (result =3D !!iterator(value, index))=0A= throw $break;=0A= });=0A= return result;=0A= },=0A= =0A= collect: function(iterator, context) {=0A= iterator =3D iterator ? iterator.bind(context) : Prototype.K;=0A= var results =3D [];=0A= this.each(function(value, index) {=0A= results.push(iterator(value, index));=0A= });=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= detect: function(iterator, context) {=0A= iterator =3D iterator.bind(context);=0A= var result;=0A= this.each(function(value, index) {=0A= if (iterator(value, index)) {=0A= result =3D value;=0A= throw $break;=0A= }=0A= });=0A= return result;=0A= },=0A= =0A= findAll: function(iterator, context) {=0A= iterator =3D iterator.bind(context);=0A= var results =3D [];=0A= this.each(function(value, index) {=0A= if (iterator(value, index))=0A= results.push(value);=0A= });=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= grep: function(filter, iterator, context) {=0A= iterator =3D iterator ? iterator.bind(context) : Prototype.K;=0A= var results =3D [];=0A= =0A= if (Object.isString(filter))=0A= filter =3D new RegExp(filter);=0A= =0A= this.each(function(value, index) {=0A= if (filter.match(value))=0A= results.push(iterator(value, index));=0A= });=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= include: function(object) {=0A= if (Object.isFunction(this.indexOf))=0A= if (this.indexOf(object) !=3D -1) return true;=0A= =0A= var found =3D false;=0A= this.each(function(value) {=0A= if (value =3D=3D object) {=0A= found =3D true;=0A= throw $break;=0A= }=0A= });=0A= return found;=0A= },=0A= =0A= inGroupsOf: function(number, fillWith) {=0A= fillWith =3D fillWith =3D=3D=3D undefined ? null : fillWith;=0A= return this.eachSlice(number, function(slice) {=0A= while(slice.length < number) slice.push(fillWith);=0A= return slice;=0A= });=0A= },=0A= =0A= inject: function(memo, iterator, context) {=0A= iterator =3D iterator.bind(context);=0A= this.each(function(value, index) {=0A= memo =3D iterator(memo, value, index);=0A= });=0A= return memo;=0A= },=0A= =0A= invoke: function(method) {=0A= var args =3D $A(arguments).slice(1);=0A= return this.map(function(value) {=0A= return value[method].apply(value, args);=0A= });=0A= },=0A= =0A= max: function(iterator, context) {=0A= iterator =3D iterator ? iterator.bind(context) : Prototype.K;=0A= var result;=0A= this.each(function(value, index) {=0A= value =3D iterator(value, index);=0A= if (result =3D=3D undefined || value >=3D result)=0A= result =3D value;=0A= });=0A= return result;=0A= },=0A= =0A= min: function(iterator, context) {=0A= iterator =3D iterator ? iterator.bind(context) : Prototype.K;=0A= var result;=0A= this.each(function(value, index) {=0A= value =3D iterator(value, index);=0A= if (result =3D=3D undefined || value < result)=0A= result =3D value;=0A= });=0A= return result;=0A= },=0A= =0A= partition: function(iterator, context) {=0A= iterator =3D iterator ? iterator.bind(context) : Prototype.K;=0A= var trues =3D [], falses =3D [];=0A= this.each(function(value, index) {=0A= (iterator(value, index) ?=0A= trues : falses).push(value);=0A= });=0A= return [trues, falses];=0A= },=0A= =0A= pluck: function(property) {=0A= var results =3D [];=0A= this.each(function(value) {=0A= results.push(value[property]);=0A= });=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= reject: function(iterator, context) {=0A= iterator =3D iterator.bind(context);=0A= var results =3D [];=0A= this.each(function(value, index) {=0A= if (!iterator(value, index))=0A= results.push(value);=0A= });=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= sortBy: function(iterator, context) {=0A= iterator =3D iterator.bind(context);=0A= return this.map(function(value, index) {=0A= return {value: value, criteria: iterator(value, index)};=0A= }).sort(function(left, right) {=0A= var a =3D left.criteria, b =3D right.criteria;=0A= return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;=0A= }).pluck('value');=0A= },=0A= =0A= toArray: function() {=0A= return this.map();=0A= },=0A= =0A= zip: function() {=0A= var iterator =3D Prototype.K, args =3D $A(arguments);=0A= if (Object.isFunction(args.last()))=0A= iterator =3D args.pop();=0A= =0A= var collections =3D [this].concat(args).map($A);=0A= return this.map(function(value, index) {=0A= return iterator(collections.pluck(index));=0A= });=0A= },=0A= =0A= size: function() {=0A= return this.toArray().length;=0A= },=0A= =0A= inspect: function() {=0A= return '#';=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= Object.extend(Enumerable, {=0A= map: Enumerable.collect,=0A= find: Enumerable.detect,=0A= select: Enumerable.findAll,=0A= filter: Enumerable.findAll,=0A= member: Enumerable.include,=0A= entries: Enumerable.toArray,=0A= every: Enumerable.all,=0A= some: Enumerable.any=0A= });=0A= function $A(iterable) {=0A= if (!iterable) return [];=0A= if (iterable.toArray) return iterable.toArray();=0A= var length =3D iterable.length, results =3D new Array(length);=0A= while (length--) results[length] =3D iterable[length];=0A= return results;=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (Prototype.Browser.WebKit) {=0A= function $A(iterable) {=0A= if (!iterable) return [];=0A= if (!(Object.isFunction(iterable) && iterable =3D=3D '[object = NodeList]') &&=0A= iterable.toArray) return iterable.toArray();=0A= var length =3D iterable.length, results =3D new Array(length);=0A= while (length--) results[length] =3D iterable[length];=0A= return results;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= Array.from =3D $A;=0A= =0A= Object.extend(Array.prototype, Enumerable);=0A= =0A= if (!Array.prototype._reverse) Array.prototype._reverse =3D = Array.prototype.reverse;=0A= =0A= Object.extend(Array.prototype, {=0A= _each: function(iterator) {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, length =3D this.length; i < length; i++)=0A= iterator(this[i]);=0A= },=0A= =0A= clear: function() {=0A= this.length =3D 0;=0A= return this;=0A= },=0A= =0A= first: function() {=0A= return this[0];=0A= },=0A= =0A= last: function() {=0A= return this[this.length - 1];=0A= },=0A= =0A= compact: function() {=0A= return this.select(function(value) {=0A= return value !=3D null;=0A= });=0A= },=0A= =0A= flatten: function() {=0A= return this.inject([], function(array, value) {=0A= return array.concat(Object.isArray(value) ?=0A= value.flatten() : [value]);=0A= });=0A= },=0A= =0A= without: function() {=0A= var values =3D $A(arguments);=0A= return this.select(function(value) {=0A= return !values.include(value);=0A= });=0A= },=0A= =0A= reverse: function(inline) {=0A= return (inline !=3D=3D false ? this : this.toArray())._reverse();=0A= },=0A= =0A= reduce: function() {=0A= return this.length > 1 ? this : this[0];=0A= },=0A= =0A= uniq: function(sorted) {=0A= return this.inject([], function(array, value, index) {=0A= if (0 =3D=3D index || (sorted ? array.last() !=3D value : = !array.include(value)))=0A= array.push(value);=0A= return array;=0A= });=0A= },=0A= =0A= intersect: function(array) {=0A= return this.uniq().findAll(function(item) {=0A= return array.detect(function(value) { return item =3D=3D=3D value = });=0A= });=0A= },=0A= =0A= clone: function() {=0A= return [].concat(this);=0A= },=0A= =0A= size: function() {=0A= return this.length;=0A= },=0A= =0A= inspect: function() {=0A= return '[' + this.map(Object.inspect).join(', ') + ']';=0A= },=0A= =0A= toJSON: function() {=0A= var results =3D [];=0A= this.each(function(object) {=0A= var value =3D Object.toJSON(object);=0A= if (value !=3D=3D undefined) results.push(value);=0A= });=0A= return '[' + results.join(', ') + ']';=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= // use native browser JS 1.6 implementation if available=0A= if (Object.isFunction(Array.prototype.forEach))=0A= Array.prototype._each =3D Array.prototype.forEach;=0A= =0A= if (!Array.prototype.indexOf) Array.prototype.indexOf =3D function(item, = i) {=0A= i || (i =3D 0);=0A= var length =3D this.length;=0A= if (i < 0) i =3D length + i;=0A= for (; i < length; i++)=0A= if (this[i] =3D=3D=3D item) return i;=0A= return -1;=0A= };=0A= =0A= if (!Array.prototype.lastIndexOf) Array.prototype.lastIndexOf =3D = function(item, i) {=0A= i =3D isNaN(i) ? this.length : (i < 0 ? this.length + i : i) + 1;=0A= var n =3D this.slice(0, i).reverse().indexOf(item);=0A= return (n < 0) ? n : i - n - 1;=0A= };=0A= =0A= Array.prototype.toArray =3D Array.prototype.clone;=0A= =0A= function $w(string) {=0A= if (!Object.isString(string)) return [];=0A= string =3D string.strip();=0A= return string ? string.split(/\s+/) : [];=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (Prototype.Browser.Opera){=0A= Array.prototype.concat =3D function() {=0A= var array =3D [];=0A= for (var i =3D 0, length =3D this.length; i < length; i++) = array.push(this[i]);=0A= for (var i =3D 0, length =3D arguments.length; i < length; i++) {=0A= if (Object.isArray(arguments[i])) {=0A= for (var j =3D 0, arrayLength =3D arguments[i].length; j < = arrayLength; j++)=0A= array.push(arguments[i][j]);=0A= } else {=0A= array.push(arguments[i]);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= return array;=0A= };=0A= }=0A= Object.extend(Number.prototype, {=0A= toColorPart: function() {=0A= return this.toPaddedString(2, 16);=0A= },=0A= =0A= succ: function() {=0A= return this + 1;=0A= },=0A= =0A= times: function(iterator) {=0A= $R(0, this, true).each(iterator);=0A= return this;=0A= },=0A= =0A= toPaddedString: function(length, radix) {=0A= var string =3D this.toString(radix || 10);=0A= return '0'.times(length - string.length) + string;=0A= },=0A= =0A= toJSON: function() {=0A= return isFinite(this) ? this.toString() : 'null';=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= $w('abs round ceil floor').each(function(method){=0A= Number.prototype[method] =3D Math[method].methodize();=0A= });=0A= function $H(object) {=0A= return new Hash(object);=0A= };=0A= =0A= var Hash =3D Class.create(Enumerable, (function() {=0A= if (function() {=0A= var i =3D 0, Test =3D function(value) { this.key =3D value };=0A= Test.prototype.key =3D 'foo';=0A= for (var property in new Test('bar')) i++;=0A= return i > 1;=0A= }()) {=0A= function each(iterator) {=0A= var cache =3D [];=0A= for (var key in this._object) {=0A= var value =3D this._object[key];=0A= if (cache.include(key)) continue;=0A= cache.push(key);=0A= var pair =3D [key, value];=0A= pair.key =3D key;=0A= pair.value =3D value;=0A= iterator(pair);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= } else {=0A= function each(iterator) {=0A= for (var key in this._object) {=0A= var value =3D this._object[key], pair =3D [key, value];=0A= pair.key =3D key;=0A= pair.value =3D value;=0A= iterator(pair);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function toQueryPair(key, value) {=0A= if (Object.isUndefined(value)) return key;=0A= return key + '=3D' + encodeURIComponent(String.interpret(value));=0A= }=0A= =0A= return {=0A= initialize: function(object) {=0A= this._object =3D Object.isHash(object) ? object.toObject() : = Object.clone(object);=0A= },=0A= =0A= _each: each,=0A= =0A= set: function(key, value) {=0A= return this._object[key] =3D value;=0A= },=0A= =0A= get: function(key) {=0A= return this._object[key];=0A= },=0A= =0A= unset: function(key) {=0A= var value =3D this._object[key];=0A= delete this._object[key];=0A= return value;=0A= },=0A= =0A= toObject: function() {=0A= return Object.clone(this._object);=0A= },=0A= =0A= keys: function() {=0A= return this.pluck('key');=0A= },=0A= =0A= values: function() {=0A= return this.pluck('value');=0A= },=0A= =0A= index: function(value) {=0A= var match =3D this.detect(function(pair) {=0A= return pair.value =3D=3D=3D value;=0A= });=0A= return match && match.key;=0A= },=0A= =0A= merge: function(object) {=0A= return this.clone().update(object);=0A= },=0A= =0A= update: function(object) {=0A= return new Hash(object).inject(this, function(result, pair) {=0A= result.set(pair.key, pair.value);=0A= return result;=0A= });=0A= },=0A= =0A= toQueryString: function() {=0A= return this.map(function(pair) {=0A= var key =3D encodeURIComponent(pair.key), values =3D pair.value;=0A= =0A= if (values && typeof values =3D=3D 'object') {=0A= if (Object.isArray(values))=0A= return values.map(toQueryPair.curry(key)).join('&');=0A= }=0A= return toQueryPair(key, values);=0A= }).join('&');=0A= },=0A= =0A= inspect: function() {=0A= return '#';=0A= },=0A= =0A= toJSON: function() {=0A= return Object.toJSON(this.toObject());=0A= },=0A= =0A= clone: function() {=0A= return new Hash(this);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= })());=0A= =0A= Hash.prototype.toTemplateReplacements =3D Hash.prototype.toObject;=0A= Hash.from =3D $H;=0A= var ObjectRange =3D Class.create(Enumerable, {=0A= initialize: function(start, end, exclusive) {=0A= this.start =3D start;=0A= this.end =3D end;=0A= this.exclusive =3D exclusive;=0A= },=0A= =0A= _each: function(iterator) {=0A= var value =3D this.start;=0A= while (this.include(value)) {=0A= iterator(value);=0A= value =3D value.succ();=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= include: function(value) {=0A= if (value < this.start)=0A= return false;=0A= if (this.exclusive)=0A= return value < this.end;=0A= return value <=3D this.end;=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= var $R =3D function(start, end, exclusive) {=0A= return new ObjectRange(start, end, exclusive);=0A= };=0A= =0A= var Ajax =3D {=0A= getTransport: function() {=0A= return Try.these(=0A= function() {return new XMLHttpRequest()},=0A= function() {return new ActiveXObject('Msxml2.XMLHTTP')},=0A= function() {return new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP')}=0A= ) || false;=0A= },=0A= =0A= activeRequestCount: 0=0A= };=0A= =0A= Ajax.Responders =3D {=0A= responders: [],=0A= =0A= _each: function(iterator) {=0A= this.responders._each(iterator);=0A= },=0A= =0A= register: function(responder) {=0A= if (!this.include(responder))=0A= this.responders.push(responder);=0A= },=0A= =0A= unregister: function(responder) {=0A= this.responders =3D this.responders.without(responder);=0A= },=0A= =0A= dispatch: function(callback, request, transport, json) {=0A= this.each(function(responder) {=0A= if (Object.isFunction(responder[callback])) {=0A= try {=0A= responder[callback].apply(responder, [request, transport, = json]);=0A= } catch (e) { }=0A= }=0A= });=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= Object.extend(Ajax.Responders, Enumerable);=0A= =0A= Ajax.Responders.register({=0A= onCreate: function() { Ajax.activeRequestCount++ },=0A= onComplete: function() { Ajax.activeRequestCount-- }=0A= });=0A= =0A= Ajax.Base =3D Class.create({=0A= initialize: function(options) {=0A= this.options =3D {=0A= method: 'post',=0A= asynchronous: true,=0A= contentType: 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',=0A= encoding: 'UTF-8',=0A= parameters: '',=0A= evalJSON: true,=0A= evalJS: true=0A= };=0A= Object.extend(this.options, options || { });=0A= =0A= this.options.method =3D this.options.method.toLowerCase();=0A= if (Object.isString(this.options.parameters))=0A= this.options.parameters =3D = this.options.parameters.toQueryParams();=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= Ajax.Request =3D Class.create(Ajax.Base, {=0A= _complete: false,=0A= =0A= initialize: function($super, url, options) {=0A= $super(options);=0A= this.transport =3D Ajax.getTransport();=0A= this.request(url);=0A= },=0A= =0A= request: function(url) {=0A= this.url =3D url;=0A= this.method =3D this.options.method;=0A= var params =3D Object.clone(this.options.parameters);=0A= =0A= if (!['get', 'post'].include(this.method)) {=0A= // simulate other verbs over post=0A= params['_method'] =3D this.method;=0A= this.method =3D 'post';=0A= }=0A= =0A= this.parameters =3D params;=0A= =0A= if (params =3D Object.toQueryString(params)) {=0A= // when GET, append parameters to URL=0A= if (this.method =3D=3D 'get')=0A= this.url +=3D (this.url.include('?') ? '&' : '?') + params;=0A= else if (/Konqueror|Safari|KHTML/.test(navigator.userAgent))=0A= params +=3D '&_=3D';=0A= }=0A= =0A= try {=0A= var response =3D new Ajax.Response(this);=0A= if (this.options.onCreate) this.options.onCreate(response);=0A= Ajax.Responders.dispatch('onCreate', this, response);=0A= =0A= this.transport.open(this.method.toUpperCase(), this.url,=0A= this.options.asynchronous);=0A= =0A= if (this.options.asynchronous) = this.respondToReadyState.bind(this).defer(1);=0A= =0A= this.transport.onreadystatechange =3D = this.onStateChange.bind(this);=0A= this.setRequestHeaders();=0A= =0A= this.body =3D this.method =3D=3D 'post' ? (this.options.postBody = || params) : null;=0A= this.transport.send(this.body);=0A= =0A= /* Force Firefox to handle ready state 4 for synchronous requests = */=0A= if (!this.options.asynchronous && this.transport.overrideMimeType)=0A= this.onStateChange();=0A= =0A= }=0A= catch (e) {=0A= this.dispatchException(e);=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= onStateChange: function() {=0A= var readyState =3D this.transport.readyState;=0A= if (readyState > 1 && !((readyState =3D=3D 4) && this._complete))=0A= this.respondToReadyState(this.transport.readyState);=0A= },=0A= =0A= setRequestHeaders: function() {=0A= var headers =3D {=0A= 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',=0A= 'X-Prototype-Version': Prototype.Version,=0A= 'Accept': 'text/javascript, text/html, application/xml, text/xml, = */*'=0A= };=0A= =0A= if (this.method =3D=3D 'post') {=0A= headers['Content-type'] =3D this.options.contentType +=0A= (this.options.encoding ? '; charset=3D' + this.options.encoding = : '');=0A= =0A= /* Force "Connection: close" for older Mozilla browsers to work=0A= * around a bug where XMLHttpRequest sends an incorrect=0A= * Content-length header. See Mozilla Bugzilla #246651.=0A= */=0A= if (this.transport.overrideMimeType &&=0A= (navigator.userAgent.match(/Gecko\/(\d{4})/) || [0,2005])[1] < = 2005)=0A= headers['Connection'] =3D 'close';=0A= }=0A= =0A= // user-defined headers=0A= if (typeof this.options.requestHeaders =3D=3D 'object') {=0A= var extras =3D this.options.requestHeaders;=0A= =0A= if (Object.isFunction(extras.push))=0A= for (var i =3D 0, length =3D extras.length; i < length; i +=3D 2)=0A= headers[extras[i]] =3D extras[i+1];=0A= else=0A= $H(extras).each(function(pair) { headers[pair.key] =3D = pair.value });=0A= }=0A= =0A= for (var name in headers)=0A= this.transport.setRequestHeader(name, headers[name]);=0A= },=0A= =0A= success: function() {=0A= var status =3D this.getStatus();=0A= return !status || (status >=3D 200 && status < 300);=0A= },=0A= =0A= getStatus: function() {=0A= try {=0A= return this.transport.status || 0;=0A= } catch (e) { return 0 }=0A= },=0A= =0A= respondToReadyState: function(readyState) {=0A= var state =3D Ajax.Request.Events[readyState], response =3D new = Ajax.Response(this);=0A= =0A= if (state =3D=3D 'Complete') {=0A= try {=0A= this._complete =3D true;=0A= (this.options['on' + response.status]=0A= || this.options['on' + (this.success() ? 'Success' : 'Failure')]=0A= || Prototype.emptyFunction)(response, response.headerJSON);=0A= } catch (e) {=0A= this.dispatchException(e);=0A= }=0A= =0A= var contentType =3D response.getHeader('Content-type');=0A= if (this.options.evalJS =3D=3D 'force'=0A= || (this.options.evalJS && contentType=0A= && = contentType.match(/^\s*(text|application)\/(x-)?(java|ecma)script(;.*)?\s= *$/i)))=0A= this.evalResponse();=0A= }=0A= =0A= try {=0A= (this.options['on' + state] || Prototype.emptyFunction)(response, = response.headerJSON);=0A= Ajax.Responders.dispatch('on' + state, this, response, = response.headerJSON);=0A= } catch (e) {=0A= this.dispatchException(e);=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (state =3D=3D 'Complete') {=0A= // avoid memory leak in MSIE: clean up=0A= this.transport.onreadystatechange =3D Prototype.emptyFunction;=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= getHeader: function(name) {=0A= try {=0A= return this.transport.getResponseHeader(name);=0A= } catch (e) { return null }=0A= },=0A= =0A= evalResponse: function() {=0A= try {=0A= return eval((this.transport.responseText || '').unfilterJSON());=0A= } catch (e) {=0A= this.dispatchException(e);=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= dispatchException: function(exception) {=0A= (this.options.onException || Prototype.emptyFunction)(this, = exception);=0A= Ajax.Responders.dispatch('onException', this, exception);=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= Ajax.Request.Events =3D=0A= ['Uninitialized', 'Loading', 'Loaded', 'Interactive', 'Complete'];=0A= =0A= Ajax.Response =3D Class.create({=0A= initialize: function(request){=0A= this.request =3D request;=0A= var transport =3D this.transport =3D request.transport,=0A= readyState =3D this.readyState =3D transport.readyState;=0A= =0A= if((readyState > 2 && !Prototype.Browser.IE) || readyState =3D=3D 4) = {=0A= this.status =3D this.getStatus();=0A= this.statusText =3D this.getStatusText();=0A= this.responseText =3D String.interpret(transport.responseText);=0A= this.headerJSON =3D this._getHeaderJSON();=0A= }=0A= =0A= if(readyState =3D=3D 4) {=0A= var xml =3D transport.responseXML;=0A= this.responseXML =3D xml =3D=3D=3D undefined ? null : xml;=0A= this.responseJSON =3D this._getResponseJSON();=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= status: 0,=0A= statusText: '',=0A= =0A= getStatus: Ajax.Request.prototype.getStatus,=0A= =0A= getStatusText: function() {=0A= try {=0A= return this.transport.statusText || '';=0A= } catch (e) { return '' }=0A= },=0A= =0A= getHeader: Ajax.Request.prototype.getHeader,=0A= =0A= getAllHeaders: function() {=0A= try {=0A= return this.getAllResponseHeaders();=0A= } catch (e) { return null }=0A= },=0A= =0A= getResponseHeader: function(name) {=0A= return this.transport.getResponseHeader(name);=0A= },=0A= =0A= getAllResponseHeaders: function() {=0A= return this.transport.getAllResponseHeaders();=0A= },=0A= =0A= _getHeaderJSON: function() {=0A= var json =3D this.getHeader('X-JSON');=0A= if (!json) return null;=0A= json =3D decodeURIComponent(escape(json));=0A= try {=0A= return json.evalJSON(this.request.options.sanitizeJSON);=0A= } catch (e) {=0A= this.request.dispatchException(e);=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= _getResponseJSON: function() {=0A= var options =3D this.request.options;=0A= if (!options.evalJSON || (options.evalJSON !=3D 'force' &&=0A= !(this.getHeader('Content-type') || = '').include('application/json')))=0A= return null;=0A= try {=0A= return this.transport.responseText.evalJSON(options.sanitizeJSON);=0A= } catch (e) {=0A= this.request.dispatchException(e);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= Ajax.Updater =3D Class.create(Ajax.Request, {=0A= initialize: function($super, container, url, options) {=0A= this.container =3D {=0A= success: (container.success || container),=0A= failure: (container.failure || (container.success ? null : = container))=0A= };=0A= =0A= options =3D options || { };=0A= var onComplete =3D options.onComplete;=0A= options.onComplete =3D (function(response, param) {=0A= this.updateContent(response.responseText);=0A= if (Object.isFunction(onComplete)) onComplete(response, param);=0A= }).bind(this);=0A= =0A= $super(url, options);=0A= },=0A= =0A= updateContent: function(responseText) {=0A= var receiver =3D this.container[this.success() ? 'success' : = 'failure'],=0A= options =3D this.options;=0A= =0A= if (!options.evalScripts) responseText =3D = responseText.stripScripts();=0A= =0A= if (receiver =3D $(receiver)) {=0A= if (options.insertion) {=0A= if (Object.isString(options.insertion)) {=0A= var insertion =3D { }; insertion[options.insertion] =3D = responseText;=0A= receiver.insert(insertion);=0A= }=0A= else options.insertion(receiver, responseText);=0A= }=0A= else receiver.update(responseText);=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (this.success()) {=0A= if (this.onComplete) this.onComplete.bind(this).defer();=0A= }=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= Ajax.PeriodicalUpdater =3D Class.create(Ajax.Base, {=0A= initialize: function($super, container, url, options) {=0A= $super(options);=0A= this.onComplete =3D this.options.onComplete;=0A= =0A= this.frequency =3D (this.options.frequency || 2);=0A= this.decay =3D (this.options.decay || 1);=0A= =0A= this.updater =3D { };=0A= this.container =3D container;=0A= this.url =3D url;=0A= =0A= this.start();=0A= },=0A= =0A= start: function() {=0A= this.options.onComplete =3D this.updateComplete.bind(this);=0A= this.onTimerEvent();=0A= },=0A= =0A= stop: function() {=0A= this.updater.options.onComplete =3D undefined;=0A= clearTimeout(this.timer);=0A= (this.onComplete || Prototype.emptyFunction).apply(this, arguments);=0A= },=0A= =0A= updateComplete: function(response) {=0A= if (this.options.decay) {=0A= this.decay =3D (response.responseText =3D=3D this.lastText ?=0A= this.decay * this.options.decay : 1);=0A= =0A= this.lastText =3D response.responseText;=0A= }=0A= this.timer =3D this.onTimerEvent.bind(this).delay(this.decay * = this.frequency);=0A= },=0A= =0A= onTimerEvent: function() {=0A= this.updater =3D new Ajax.Updater(this.container, this.url, = this.options);=0A= }=0A= });=0A= function $(element) {=0A= if (arguments.length > 1) {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, elements =3D [], length =3D arguments.length; i < = length; i++)=0A= elements.push($(arguments[i]));=0A= return elements;=0A= }=0A= if (Object.isString(element))=0A= element =3D document.getElementById(element);=0A= return Element.extend(element);=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (Prototype.BrowserFeatures.XPath) {=0A= document._getElementsByXPath =3D function(expression, parentElement) {=0A= var results =3D [];=0A= var query =3D document.evaluate(expression, $(parentElement) || = document,=0A= null, XPathResult.ORDERED_NODE_SNAPSHOT_TYPE, null);=0A= for (var i =3D 0, length =3D query.snapshotLength; i < length; i++)=0A= results.push(Element.extend(query.snapshotItem(i)));=0A= return results;=0A= };=0A= }=0A= =0A= /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------= ---*/=0A= =0A= if (!window.Node) var Node =3D { };=0A= =0A= if (!Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {=0A= // DOM level 2 ECMAScript Language Binding=0A= Object.extend(Node, {=0A= ELEMENT_NODE: 1,=0A= ATTRIBUTE_NODE: 2,=0A= TEXT_NODE: 3,=0A= CDATA_SECTION_NODE: 4,=0A= ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE: 5,=0A= ENTITY_NODE: 6,=0A= PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE: 7,=0A= COMMENT_NODE: 8,=0A= DOCUMENT_NODE: 9,=0A= DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE: 10,=0A= DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE: 11,=0A= NOTATION_NODE: 12=0A= });=0A= }=0A= =0A= (function() {=0A= var element =3D this.Element;=0A= this.Element =3D function(tagName, attributes) {=0A= attributes =3D attributes || { };=0A= tagName =3D tagName.toLowerCase();=0A= var cache =3D Element.cache;=0A= if (Prototype.Browser.IE && attributes.name) {=0A= tagName =3D '<' + tagName + ' name=3D"' + attributes.name + '">';=0A= delete attributes.name;=0A= return Element.writeAttribute(document.createElement(tagName), = attributes);=0A= }=0A= if (!cache[tagName]) cache[tagName] =3D = Element.extend(document.createElement(tagName));=0A= return Element.writeAttribute(cache[tagName].cloneNode(false), = attributes);=0A= };=0A= Object.extend(this.Element, element || { });=0A= }).call(window);=0A= =0A= Element.cache =3D { };=0A= =0A= Element.Methods =3D {=0A= visible: function(element) {=0A= return $(element).style.display !=3D 'none';=0A= },=0A= =0A= toggle: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= Element[Element.visible(element) ? 'hide' : 'show'](element);=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= hide: function(element) {=0A= $(element).style.display =3D 'none';=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= show: function(element) {=0A= $(element).style.display =3D '';=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= remove: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= element.parentNode.removeChild(element);=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= update: function(element, content) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (content && content.toElement) content =3D content.toElement();=0A= if (Object.isElement(content)) return = element.update().insert(content);=0A= content =3D Object.toHTML(content);=0A= element.innerHTML =3D content.stripScripts();=0A= content.evalScripts.bind(content).defer();=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= replace: function(element, content) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (content && content.toElement) content =3D content.toElement();=0A= else if (!Object.isElement(content)) {=0A= content =3D Object.toHTML(content);=0A= var range =3D element.ownerDocument.createRange();=0A= range.selectNode(element);=0A= content.evalScripts.bind(content).defer();=0A= content =3D range.createContextualFragment(content.stripScripts());=0A= }=0A= element.parentNode.replaceChild(content, element);=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= insert: function(element, insertions) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= =0A= if (Object.isString(insertions) || Object.isNumber(insertions) ||=0A= Object.isElement(insertions) || (insertions && = (insertions.toElement || insertions.toHTML)))=0A= insertions =3D {bottom:insertions};=0A= =0A= var content, t, range;=0A= =0A= for (position in insertions) {=0A= content =3D insertions[position];=0A= position =3D position.toLowerCase();=0A= t =3D Element._insertionTranslations[position];=0A= =0A= if (content && content.toElement) content =3D content.toElement();=0A= if (Object.isElement(content)) {=0A= t.insert(element, content);=0A= continue;=0A= }=0A= =0A= content =3D Object.toHTML(content);=0A= =0A= range =3D element.ownerDocument.createRange();=0A= t.initializeRange(element, range);=0A= t.insert(element, = range.createContextualFragment(content.stripScripts()));=0A= =0A= content.evalScripts.bind(content).defer();=0A= }=0A= =0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= wrap: function(element, wrapper, attributes) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (Object.isElement(wrapper))=0A= $(wrapper).writeAttribute(attributes || { });=0A= else if (Object.isString(wrapper)) wrapper =3D new Element(wrapper, = attributes);=0A= else wrapper =3D new Element('div', wrapper);=0A= if (element.parentNode)=0A= element.parentNode.replaceChild(wrapper, element);=0A= wrapper.appendChild(element);=0A= return wrapper;=0A= },=0A= =0A= inspect: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var result =3D '<' + element.tagName.toLowerCase();=0A= $H({'id': 'id', 'className': 'class'}).each(function(pair) {=0A= var property =3D pair.first(), attribute =3D pair.last();=0A= var value =3D (element[property] || '').toString();=0A= if (value) result +=3D ' ' + attribute + '=3D' + = value.inspect(true);=0A= });=0A= return result + '>';=0A= },=0A= =0A= recursivelyCollect: function(element, property) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var elements =3D [];=0A= while (element =3D element[property])=0A= if (element.nodeType =3D=3D 1)=0A= elements.push(Element.extend(element));=0A= return elements;=0A= },=0A= =0A= ancestors: function(element) {=0A= return $(element).recursivelyCollect('parentNode');=0A= },=0A= =0A= descendants: function(element) {=0A= return $A($(element).getElementsByTagName('*')).each(Element.extend);=0A= },=0A= =0A= firstDescendant: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element).firstChild;=0A= while (element && element.nodeType !=3D 1) element =3D = element.nextSibling;=0A= return $(element);=0A= },=0A= =0A= immediateDescendants: function(element) {=0A= if (!(element =3D $(element).firstChild)) return [];=0A= while (element && element.nodeType !=3D 1) element =3D = element.nextSibling;=0A= if (element) return [element].concat($(element).nextSiblings());=0A= return [];=0A= },=0A= =0A= previousSiblings: function(element) {=0A= return $(element).recursivelyCollect('previousSibling');=0A= },=0A= =0A= nextSiblings: function(element) {=0A= return $(element).recursivelyCollect('nextSibling');=0A= },=0A= =0A= siblings: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= return = element.previousSiblings().reverse().concat(element.nextSiblings());=0A= },=0A= =0A= match: function(element, selector) {=0A= if (Object.isString(selector))=0A= selector =3D new Selector(selector);=0A= return selector.match($(element));=0A= },=0A= =0A= up: function(element, expression, index) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (arguments.length =3D=3D 1) return $(element.parentNode);=0A= var ancestors =3D element.ancestors();=0A= return expression ? Selector.findElement(ancestors, expression, = index) :=0A= ancestors[index || 0];=0A= },=0A= =0A= down: function(element, expression, index) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (arguments.length =3D=3D 1) return element.firstDescendant();=0A= var descendants =3D element.descendants();=0A= return expression ? Selector.findElement(descendants, expression, = index) :=0A= descendants[index || 0];=0A= },=0A= =0A= previous: function(element, expression, index) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (arguments.length =3D=3D 1) return = $(Selector.handlers.previousElementSibling(element));=0A= var previousSiblings =3D element.previousSiblings();=0A= return expression ? Selector.findElement(previousSiblings, = expression, index) :=0A= previousSiblings[index || 0];=0A= },=0A= =0A= next: function(element, expression, index) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (arguments.length =3D=3D 1) return = $(Selector.handlers.nextElementSibling(element));=0A= var nextSiblings =3D element.nextSiblings();=0A= return expression ? Selector.findElement(nextSiblings, expression, = index) :=0A= nextSiblings[index || 0];=0A= },=0A= =0A= select: function() {=0A= var args =3D $A(arguments), element =3D $(args.shift());=0A= return Selector.findChildElements(element, args);=0A= },=0A= =0A= adjacent: function() {=0A= var args =3D $A(arguments), element =3D $(args.shift());=0A= return Selector.findChildElements(element.parentNode, = args).without(element);=0A= },=0A= =0A= identify: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var id =3D element.readAttribute('id'), self =3D arguments.callee;=0A= if (id) return id;=0A= do { id =3D 'anonymous_element_' + self.counter++ } while ($(id));=0A= element.writeAttribute('id', id);=0A= return id;=0A= },=0A= =0A= readAttribute: function(element, name) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (Prototype.Browser.IE) {=0A= var t =3D Element._attributeTranslations.read;=0A= if (t.values[name]) return t.values[name](element, name);=0A= if (t.names[name]) name =3D t.names[name];=0A= if (name.include(':')) {=0A= return (!element.attributes || !element.attributes[name]) ? null = :=0A= element.attributes[name].value;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= return element.getAttribute(name);=0A= },=0A= =0A= writeAttribute: function(element, name, value) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var attributes =3D { }, t =3D Element._attributeTranslations.write;=0A= =0A= if (typeof name =3D=3D 'object') attributes =3D name;=0A= else attributes[name] =3D value =3D=3D=3D undefined ? true : value;=0A= =0A= for (var attr in attributes) {=0A= var name =3D t.names[attr] || attr, value =3D attributes[attr];=0A= if (t.values[attr]) name =3D t.values[attr](element, value);=0A= if (value =3D=3D=3D false || value =3D=3D=3D null)=0A= element.removeAttribute(name);=0A= else if (value =3D=3D=3D true)=0A= element.setAttribute(name, name);=0A= else element.setAttribute(name, value);=0A= }=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= getHeight: function(element) {=0A= return $(element).getDimensions().height;=0A= },=0A= =0A= getWidth: function(element) {=0A= return $(element).getDimensions().width;=0A= },=0A= =0A= classNames: function(element) {=0A= return new Element.ClassNames(element);=0A= },=0A= =0A= hasClassName: function(element, className) {=0A= if (!(element =3D $(element))) return;=0A= var elementClassName =3D element.className;=0A= return (elementClassName.length > 0 && (elementClassName =3D=3D = className ||=0A= new RegExp("(^|\\s)" + className + = "(\\s|$)").test(elementClassName)));=0A= },=0A= =0A= addClassName: function(element, className) {=0A= if (!(element =3D $(element))) return;=0A= if (!element.hasClassName(className))=0A= element.className +=3D (element.className ? ' ' : '') + className;=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= removeClassName: function(element, className) {=0A= if (!(element =3D $(element))) return;=0A= element.className =3D element.className.replace(=0A= new RegExp("(^|\\s+)" + className + "(\\s+|$)"), ' ').strip();=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= toggleClassName: function(element, className) {=0A= if (!(element =3D $(element))) return;=0A= return element[element.hasClassName(className) ?=0A= 'removeClassName' : 'addClassName'](className);=0A= },=0A= =0A= // removes whitespace-only text node children=0A= cleanWhitespace: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var node =3D element.firstChild;=0A= while (node) {=0A= var nextNode =3D node.nextSibling;=0A= if (node.nodeType =3D=3D 3 && !/\S/.test(node.nodeValue))=0A= element.removeChild(node);=0A= node =3D nextNode;=0A= }=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= empty: function(element) {=0A= return $(element).innerHTML.blank();=0A= },=0A= =0A= descendantOf: function(element, ancestor) {=0A= element =3D $(element), ancestor =3D $(ancestor);=0A= =0A= if (element.compareDocumentPosition)=0A= return (element.compareDocumentPosition(ancestor) & 8) =3D=3D=3D 8;=0A= =0A= if (element.sourceIndex && !Prototype.Browser.Opera) {=0A= var e =3D element.sourceIndex, a =3D ancestor.sourceIndex,=0A= nextAncestor =3D ancestor.nextSibling;=0A= if (!nextAncestor) {=0A= do { ancestor =3D ancestor.parentNode; }=0A= while (!(nextAncestor =3D ancestor.nextSibling) && = ancestor.parentNode);=0A= }=0A= if (nextAncestor) return (e > a && e < nextAncestor.sourceIndex);=0A= }=0A= =0A= while (element =3D element.parentNode)=0A= if (element =3D=3D ancestor) return true;=0A= return false;=0A= },=0A= =0A= scrollTo: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var pos =3D element.cumulativeOffset();=0A= window.scrollTo(pos[0], pos[1]);=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= getStyle: function(element, style) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= style =3D style =3D=3D 'float' ? 'cssFloat' : style.camelize();=0A= var value =3D element.style[style];=0A= if (!value) {=0A= var css =3D document.defaultView.getComputedStyle(element, null);=0A= value =3D css ? css[style] : null;=0A= }=0A= if (style =3D=3D 'opacity') return value ? parseFloat(value) : 1.0;=0A= return value =3D=3D 'auto' ? null : value;=0A= },=0A= =0A= getOpacity: function(element) {=0A= return $(element).getStyle('opacity');=0A= },=0A= =0A= setStyle: function(element, styles) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var elementStyle =3D element.style, match;=0A= if (Object.isString(styles)) {=0A= element.style.cssText +=3D ';' + styles;=0A= return styles.include('opacity') ?=0A= element.setOpacity(styles.match(/opacity:\s*(\d?\.?\d*)/)[1]) : = element;=0A= }=0A= for (var property in styles)=0A= if (property =3D=3D 'opacity') = element.setOpacity(styles[property]);=0A= else=0A= elementStyle[(property =3D=3D 'float' || property =3D=3D = 'cssFloat') ?=0A= (elementStyle.styleFloat =3D=3D=3D undefined ? 'cssFloat' : = 'styleFloat') :=0A= property] =3D styles[property];=0A= =0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= setOpacity: function(element, value) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= element.style.opacity =3D (value =3D=3D 1 || value =3D=3D=3D '') ? = '' :=0A= (value < 0.00001) ? 0 : value;=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= getDimensions: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var display =3D $(element).getStyle('display');=0A= if (display !=3D 'none' && display !=3D null) // Safari bug=0A= return {width: element.offsetWidth, height: element.offsetHeight};=0A= =0A= // All *Width and *Height properties give 0 on elements with display = none,=0A= // so enable the element temporarily=0A= var els =3D element.style;=0A= var originalVisibility =3D els.visibility;=0A= var originalPosition =3D els.position;=0A= var originalDisplay =3D els.display;=0A= els.visibility =3D 'hidden';=0A= els.position =3D 'absolute';=0A= els.display =3D 'block';=0A= var originalWidth =3D element.clientWidth;=0A= var originalHeight =3D element.clientHeight;=0A= els.display =3D originalDisplay;=0A= els.position =3D originalPosition;=0A= els.visibility =3D originalVisibility;=0A= return {width: originalWidth, height: originalHeight};=0A= },=0A= =0A= makePositioned: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var pos =3D Element.getStyle(element, 'position');=0A= if (pos =3D=3D 'static' || !pos) {=0A= element._madePositioned =3D true;=0A= element.style.position =3D 'relative';=0A= // Opera returns the offset relative to the positioning context, = when an=0A= // element is position relative but top and left have not been = defined=0A= if (window.opera) {=0A= element.style.top =3D 0;=0A= element.style.left =3D 0;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= undoPositioned: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (element._madePositioned) {=0A= element._madePositioned =3D undefined;=0A= element.style.position =3D=0A= element.style.top =3D=0A= element.style.left =3D=0A= element.style.bottom =3D=0A= element.style.right =3D '';=0A= }=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= makeClipping: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (element._overflow) return element;=0A= element._overflow =3D Element.getStyle(element, 'overflow') || = 'auto';=0A= if (element._overflow !=3D=3D 'hidden')=0A= element.style.overflow =3D 'hidden';=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= undoClipping: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (!element._overflow) return element;=0A= element.style.overflow =3D element._overflow =3D=3D 'auto' ? '' : = element._overflow;=0A= element._overflow =3D null;=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= cumulativeOffset: function(element) {=0A= var valueT =3D 0, valueL =3D 0;=0A= do {=0A= valueT +=3D element.offsetTop || 0;=0A= valueL +=3D element.offsetLeft || 0;=0A= element =3D element.offsetParent;=0A= } while (element);=0A= return Element._returnOffset(valueL, valueT);=0A= },=0A= =0A= positionedOffset: function(element) {=0A= var valueT =3D 0, valueL =3D 0;=0A= do {=0A= valueT +=3D element.offsetTop || 0;=0A= valueL +=3D element.offsetLeft || 0;=0A= element =3D element.offsetParent;=0A= if (element) {=0A= if (element.tagName =3D=3D 'BODY') break;=0A= var p =3D Element.getStyle(element, 'position');=0A= if (p =3D=3D 'relative' || p =3D=3D 'absolute') break;=0A= }=0A= } while (element);=0A= return Element._returnOffset(valueL, valueT);=0A= },=0A= =0A= absolutize: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (element.getStyle('position') =3D=3D 'absolute') return;=0A= // Position.prepare(); // To be done manually by Scripty when it = needs it.=0A= =0A= var offsets =3D element.positionedOffset();=0A= var top =3D offsets[1];=0A= var left =3D offsets[0];=0A= var width =3D element.clientWidth;=0A= var height =3D element.clientHeight;=0A= =0A= element._originalLeft =3D left - parseFloat(element.style.left || = 0);=0A= element._originalTop =3D top - parseFloat(element.style.top || = 0);=0A= element._originalWidth =3D element.style.width;=0A= element._originalHeight =3D element.style.height;=0A= =0A= element.style.position =3D 'absolute';=0A= element.style.top =3D top + 'px';=0A= element.style.left =3D left + 'px';=0A= element.style.width =3D width + 'px';=0A= element.style.height =3D height + 'px';=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= relativize: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (element.getStyle('position') =3D=3D 'relative') return;=0A= // Position.prepare(); // To be done manually by Scripty when it = needs it.=0A= =0A= element.style.position =3D 'relative';=0A= var top =3D parseFloat(element.style.top || 0) - = (element._originalTop || 0);=0A= var left =3D parseFloat(element.style.left || 0) - = (element._originalLeft || 0);=0A= =0A= element.style.top =3D top + 'px';=0A= element.style.left =3D left + 'px';=0A= element.style.height =3D element._originalHeight;=0A= element.style.width =3D element._originalWidth;=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= cumulativeScrollOffset: function(element) {=0A= var valueT =3D 0, valueL =3D 0;=0A= do {=0A= valueT +=3D element.scrollTop || 0;=0A= valueL +=3D element.scrollLeft || 0;=0A= element =3D element.parentNode;=0A= } while (element);=0A= return Element._returnOffset(valueL, valueT);=0A= },=0A= =0A= getOffsetParent: function(element) {=0A= if (element.offsetParent) return $(element.offsetParent);=0A= if (element =3D=3D document.body) return $(element);=0A= =0A= while ((element =3D element.parentNode) && element !=3D = document.body)=0A= if (Element.getStyle(element, 'position') !=3D 'static')=0A= return $(element);=0A= =0A= return $(document.body);=0A= },=0A= =0A= viewportOffset: function(forElement) {=0A= var valueT =3D 0, valueL =3D 0;=0A= =0A= var element =3D forElement;=0A= do {=0A= valueT +=3D element.offsetTop || 0;=0A= valueL +=3D element.offsetLeft || 0;=0A= =0A= // Safari fix=0A= if (element.offsetParent =3D=3D document.body &&=0A= Element.getStyle(element, 'position') =3D=3D 'absolute') break;=0A= =0A= } while (element =3D element.offsetParent);=0A= =0A= element =3D forElement;=0A= do {=0A= if (!Prototype.Browser.Opera || element.tagName =3D=3D 'BODY') {=0A= valueT -=3D element.scrollTop || 0;=0A= valueL -=3D element.scrollLeft || 0;=0A= }=0A= } while (element =3D element.parentNode);=0A= =0A= return Element._returnOffset(valueL, valueT);=0A= },=0A= =0A= clonePosition: function(element, source) {=0A= var options =3D Object.extend({=0A= setLeft: true,=0A= setTop: true,=0A= setWidth: true,=0A= setHeight: true,=0A= offsetTop: 0,=0A= offsetLeft: 0=0A= }, arguments[2] || { });=0A= =0A= // find page position of source=0A= source =3D $(source);=0A= var p =3D source.viewportOffset();=0A= =0A= // find coordinate system to use=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var delta =3D [0, 0];=0A= var parent =3D null;=0A= // delta [0,0] will do fine with position: fixed elements,=0A= // position:absolute needs offsetParent deltas=0A= if (Element.getStyle(element, 'position') =3D=3D 'absolute') {=0A= parent =3D element.getOffsetParent();=0A= delta =3D parent.viewportOffset();=0A= }=0A= =0A= // correct by body offsets (fixes Safari)=0A= if (parent =3D=3D document.body) {=0A= delta[0] -=3D document.body.offsetLeft;=0A= delta[1] -=3D document.body.offsetTop;=0A= }=0A= =0A= // set position=0A= if (options.setLeft) element.style.left =3D (p[0] - delta[0] + = options.offsetLeft) + 'px';=0A= if (options.setTop) element.style.top =3D (p[1] - delta[1] + = options.offsetTop) + 'px';=0A= if (options.setWidth) element.style.width =3D source.offsetWidth + = 'px';=0A= if (options.setHeight) element.style.height =3D source.offsetHeight = + 'px';=0A= return element;=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= Element.Methods.identify.counter =3D 1;=0A= =0A= Object.extend(Element.Methods, {=0A= getElementsBySelector: Element.Methods.select,=0A= childElements: Element.Methods.immediateDescendants=0A= });=0A= =0A= Element._attributeTranslations =3D {=0A= write: {=0A= names: {=0A= className: 'class',=0A= htmlFor: 'for'=0A= },=0A= values: { }=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= =0A= if (!document.createRange || Prototype.Browser.Opera) {=0A= Element.Methods.insert =3D function(element, insertions) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= =0A= if (Object.isString(insertions) || Object.isNumber(insertions) ||=0A= Object.isElement(insertions) || (insertions && = (insertions.toElement || insertions.toHTML)))=0A= insertions =3D { bottom: insertions };=0A= =0A= var t =3D Element._insertionTranslations, content, position, pos, = tagName;=0A= =0A= for (position in insertions) {=0A= content =3D insertions[position];=0A= position =3D position.toLowerCase();=0A= pos =3D t[position];=0A= =0A= if (content && content.toElement) content =3D content.toElement();=0A= if (Object.isElement(content)) {=0A= pos.insert(element, content);=0A= continue;=0A= }=0A= =0A= content =3D Object.toHTML(content);=0A= tagName =3D ((position =3D=3D 'before' || position =3D=3D 'after')=0A= ? element.parentNode : element).tagName.toUpperCase();=0A= =0A= if (t.tags[tagName]) {=0A= var fragments =3D = Element._getContentFromAnonymousElement(tagName, content.stripScripts());=0A= if (position =3D=3D 'top' || position =3D=3D 'after') = fragments.reverse();=0A= fragments.each(pos.insert.curry(element));=0A= }=0A= else element.insertAdjacentHTML(pos.adjacency, = content.stripScripts());=0A= =0A= content.evalScripts.bind(content).defer();=0A= }=0A= =0A= return element;=0A= };=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (Prototype.Browser.Opera) {=0A= Element.Methods._getStyle =3D Element.Methods.getStyle;=0A= Element.Methods.getStyle =3D function(element, style) {=0A= switch(style) {=0A= case 'left':=0A= case 'top':=0A= case 'right':=0A= case 'bottom':=0A= if (Element._getStyle(element, 'position') =3D=3D 'static') = return null;=0A= default: return Element._getStyle(element, style);=0A= }=0A= };=0A= Element.Methods._readAttribute =3D Element.Methods.readAttribute;=0A= Element.Methods.readAttribute =3D function(element, attribute) {=0A= if (attribute =3D=3D 'title') return element.title;=0A= return Element._readAttribute(element, attribute);=0A= };=0A= }=0A= =0A= else if (Prototype.Browser.IE) {=0A= $w('positionedOffset getOffsetParent = viewportOffset').each(function(method) {=0A= Element.Methods[method] =3D Element.Methods[method].wrap(=0A= function(proceed, element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var position =3D element.getStyle('position');=0A= if (position !=3D 'static') return proceed(element);=0A= element.setStyle({ position: 'relative' });=0A= var value =3D proceed(element);=0A= element.setStyle({ position: position });=0A= return value;=0A= }=0A= );=0A= });=0A= =0A= Element.Methods.getStyle =3D function(element, style) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= style =3D (style =3D=3D 'float' || style =3D=3D 'cssFloat') ? = 'styleFloat' : style.camelize();=0A= var value =3D element.style[style];=0A= if (!value && element.currentStyle) value =3D = element.currentStyle[style];=0A= =0A= if (style =3D=3D 'opacity') {=0A= if (value =3D (element.getStyle('filter') || = '').match(/alpha$opacity=3D(.*)$/))=0A= if (value[1]) return parseFloat(value[1]) / 100;=0A= return 1.0;=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (value =3D=3D 'auto') {=0A= if ((style =3D=3D 'width' || style =3D=3D 'height') && = (element.getStyle('display') !=3D 'none'))=0A= return element['offset' + style.capitalize()] + 'px';=0A= return null;=0A= }=0A= return value;=0A= };=0A= =0A= Element.Methods.setOpacity =3D function(element, value) {=0A= function stripAlpha(filter){=0A= return filter.replace(/alpha$[^$]*\)/gi,'');=0A= }=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var currentStyle =3D element.currentStyle;=0A= if ((currentStyle && !currentStyle.hasLayout) ||=0A= (!currentStyle && element.style.zoom =3D=3D 'normal'))=0A= element.style.zoom =3D 1;=0A= =0A= var filter =3D element.getStyle('filter'), style =3D element.style;=0A= if (value =3D=3D 1 || value =3D=3D=3D '') {=0A= (filter =3D stripAlpha(filter)) ?=0A= style.filter =3D filter : style.removeAttribute('filter');=0A= return element;=0A= } else if (value < 0.00001) value =3D 0;=0A= style.filter =3D stripAlpha(filter) +=0A= 'alpha(opacity=3D' + (value * 100) + ')';=0A= return element;=0A= };=0A= =0A= Element._attributeTranslations =3D {=0A= read: {=0A= names: {=0A= 'class': 'className',=0A= 'for': 'htmlFor'=0A= },=0A= values: {=0A= _getAttr: function(element, attribute) {=0A= return element.getAttribute(attribute, 2);=0A= },=0A= _getAttrNode: function(element, attribute) {=0A= var node =3D element.getAttributeNode(attribute);=0A= return node ? node.value : "";=0A= },=0A= _getEv: function(element, attribute) {=0A= var attribute =3D element.getAttribute(attribute);=0A= return attribute ? attribute.toString().slice(23, -2) : null;=0A= },=0A= _flag: function(element, attribute) {=0A= return $(element).hasAttribute(attribute) ? attribute : null;=0A= },=0A= style: function(element) {=0A= return element.style.cssText.toLowerCase();=0A= },=0A= title: function(element) {=0A= return element.title;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= Element._attributeTranslations.write =3D {=0A= names: Object.clone(Element._attributeTranslations.read.names),=0A= values: {=0A= checked: function(element, value) {=0A= element.checked =3D !!value;=0A= },=0A= =0A= style: function(element, value) {=0A= element.style.cssText =3D value ? value : '';=0A= }=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= Element._attributeTranslations.has =3D {};=0A= =0A= $w('colSpan rowSpan vAlign dateTime accessKey tabIndex ' +=0A= 'encType maxLength readOnly longDesc').each(function(attr) {=0A= Element._attributeTranslations.write.names[attr.toLowerCase()] =3D = attr;=0A= Element._attributeTranslations.has[attr.toLowerCase()] =3D attr;=0A= });=0A= =0A= (function(v) {=0A= Object.extend(v, {=0A= href: v._getAttr,=0A= src: v._getAttr,=0A= type: v._getAttr,=0A= action: v._getAttrNode,=0A= disabled: v._flag,=0A= checked: v._flag,=0A= readonly: v._flag,=0A= multiple: v._flag,=0A= onload: v._getEv,=0A= onunload: v._getEv,=0A= onclick: v._getEv,=0A= ondblclick: v._getEv,=0A= onmousedown: v._getEv,=0A= onmouseup: v._getEv,=0A= onmouseover: v._getEv,=0A= onmousemove: v._getEv,=0A= onmouseout: v._getEv,=0A= onfocus: v._getEv,=0A= onblur: v._getEv,=0A= onkeypress: v._getEv,=0A= onkeydown: v._getEv,=0A= onkeyup: v._getEv,=0A= onsubmit: v._getEv,=0A= onreset: v._getEv,=0A= onselect: v._getEv,=0A= onchange: v._getEv=0A= });=0A= })(Element._attributeTranslations.read.values);=0A= }=0A= =0A= else if (Prototype.Browser.Gecko && = /rv:1\.8\.0/.test(navigator.userAgent)) {=0A= Element.Methods.setOpacity =3D function(element, value) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= element.style.opacity =3D (value =3D=3D 1) ? 0.999999 :=0A= (value =3D=3D=3D '') ? '' : (value < 0.00001) ? 0 : value;=0A= return element;=0A= };=0A= }=0A= =0A= else if (Prototype.Browser.WebKit) {=0A= Element.Methods.setOpacity =3D function(element, value) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= element.style.opacity =3D (value =3D=3D 1 || value =3D=3D=3D '') ? = '' :=0A= (value < 0.00001) ? 0 : value;=0A= =0A= if (value =3D=3D 1)=0A= if(element.tagName =3D=3D 'IMG' && element.width) {=0A= element.width++; element.width--;=0A= } else try {=0A= var n =3D document.createTextNode(' ');=0A= element.appendChild(n);=0A= element.removeChild(n);=0A= } catch (e) { }=0A= =0A= return element;=0A= };=0A= =0A= // Safari returns margins on body which is incorrect if the child is = absolutely=0A= // positioned. For performance reasons, redefine = Position.cumulativeOffset for=0A= // KHTML/WebKit only.=0A= Element.Methods.cumulativeOffset =3D function(element) {=0A= var valueT =3D 0, valueL =3D 0;=0A= do {=0A= valueT +=3D element.offsetTop || 0;=0A= valueL +=3D element.offsetLeft || 0;=0A= if (element.offsetParent =3D=3D document.body)=0A= if (Element.getStyle(element, 'position') =3D=3D 'absolute') = break;=0A= =0A= element =3D element.offsetParent;=0A= } while (element);=0A= =0A= return Element._returnOffset(valueL, valueT);=0A= };=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (Prototype.Browser.IE || Prototype.Browser.Opera) {=0A= // IE and Opera are missing .innerHTML support for TABLE-related and = SELECT elements=0A= Element.Methods.update =3D function(element, content) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= =0A= if (content && content.toElement) content =3D content.toElement();=0A= if (Object.isElement(content)) return = element.update().insert(content);=0A= =0A= content =3D Object.toHTML(content);=0A= var tagName =3D element.tagName.toUpperCase();=0A= =0A= if (tagName in Element._insertionTranslations.tags) {=0A= $A(element.childNodes).each(function(node) { = element.removeChild(node) });=0A= Element._getContentFromAnonymousElement(tagName, = content.stripScripts())=0A= .each(function(node) { element.appendChild(node) });=0A= }=0A= else element.innerHTML =3D content.stripScripts();=0A= =0A= content.evalScripts.bind(content).defer();=0A= return element;=0A= };=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (document.createElement('div').outerHTML) {=0A= Element.Methods.replace =3D function(element, content) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= =0A= if (content && content.toElement) content =3D content.toElement();=0A= if (Object.isElement(content)) {=0A= element.parentNode.replaceChild(content, element);=0A= return element;=0A= }=0A= =0A= content =3D Object.toHTML(content);=0A= var parent =3D element.parentNode, tagName =3D = parent.tagName.toUpperCase();=0A= =0A= if (Element._insertionTranslations.tags[tagName]) {=0A= var nextSibling =3D element.next();=0A= var fragments =3D Element._getContentFromAnonymousElement(tagName, = content.stripScripts());=0A= parent.removeChild(element);=0A= if (nextSibling)=0A= fragments.each(function(node) { parent.insertBefore(node, = nextSibling) });=0A= else=0A= fragments.each(function(node) { parent.appendChild(node) });=0A= }=0A= else element.outerHTML =3D content.stripScripts();=0A= =0A= content.evalScripts.bind(content).defer();=0A= return element;=0A= };=0A= }=0A= =0A= Element._returnOffset =3D function(l, t) {=0A= var result =3D [l, t];=0A= result.left =3D l;=0A= result.top =3D t;=0A= return result;=0A= };=0A= =0A= Element._getContentFromAnonymousElement =3D function(tagName, html) {=0A= var div =3D new Element('div'), t =3D = Element._insertionTranslations.tags[tagName];=0A= div.innerHTML =3D t[0] + html + t[1];=0A= t[2].times(function() { div =3D div.firstChild });=0A= return $A(div.childNodes);=0A= };=0A= =0A= Element._insertionTranslations =3D {=0A= before: {=0A= adjacency: 'beforeBegin',=0A= insert: function(element, node) {=0A= element.parentNode.insertBefore(node, element);=0A= },=0A= initializeRange: function(element, range) {=0A= range.setStartBefore(element);=0A= }=0A= },=0A= top: {=0A= adjacency: 'afterBegin',=0A= insert: function(element, node) {=0A= element.insertBefore(node, element.firstChild);=0A= },=0A= initializeRange: function(element, range) {=0A= range.selectNodeContents(element);=0A= range.collapse(true);=0A= }=0A= },=0A= bottom: {=0A= adjacency: 'beforeEnd',=0A= insert: function(element, node) {=0A= element.appendChild(node);=0A= }=0A= },=0A= after: {=0A= adjacency: 'afterEnd',=0A= insert: function(element, node) {=0A= element.parentNode.insertBefore(node, element.nextSibling);=0A= },=0A= initializeRange: function(element, range) {=0A= range.setStartAfter(element);=0A= }=0A= },=0A= tags: {=0A= TABLE: ['

About=20 ScienceDirect | Contact Us | Terms & Conditions | = Privacy Policy

', '

', 1],=0A= TBODY: ['', '

', 2],=0A= TR: ['', '

', 3],=0A= TD: ['

', '

', 4],=0A= SELECT: ['', 1]=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= (function() {=0A= this.bottom.initializeRange =3D this.top.initializeRange;=0A= Object.extend(this.tags, {=0A= THEAD: this.tags.TBODY,=0A= TFOOT: this.tags.TBODY,=0A= TH: this.tags.TD=0A= });=0A= }).call(Element._insertionTranslations);=0A= =0A= Element.Methods.Simulated =3D {=0A= hasAttribute: function(element, attribute) {=0A= attribute =3D Element._attributeTranslations.has[attribute] || = attribute;=0A= var node =3D $(element).getAttributeNode(attribute);=0A= return node && node.specified;=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= Element.Methods.ByTag =3D { };=0A= =0A= Object.extend(Element, Element.Methods);=0A= =0A= if (!Prototype.BrowserFeatures.ElementExtensions &&=0A= document.createElement('div').__proto__) {=0A= window.HTMLElement =3D { };=0A= window.HTMLElement.prototype =3D = document.createElement('div').__proto__;=0A= Prototype.BrowserFeatures.ElementExtensions =3D true;=0A= }=0A= =0A= Element.extend =3D (function() {=0A= if (Prototype.BrowserFeatures.SpecificElementExtensions)=0A= return Prototype.K;=0A= =0A= var Methods =3D { }, ByTag =3D Element.Methods.ByTag;=0A= =0A= var extend =3D Object.extend(function(element) {=0A= if (!element || element._extendedByPrototype ||=0A= element.nodeType !=3D 1 || element =3D=3D window) return element;=0A= =0A= var methods =3D Object.clone(Methods),=0A= tagName =3D element.tagName, property, value;=0A= =0A= // extend methods for specific tags=0A= if (ByTag[tagName]) Object.extend(methods, ByTag[tagName]);=0A= =0A= for (property in methods) {=0A= value =3D methods[property];=0A= if (Object.isFunction(value) && !(property in element))=0A= element[property] =3D value.methodize();=0A= }=0A= =0A= element._extendedByPrototype =3D Prototype.emptyFunction;=0A= return element;=0A= =0A= }, {=0A= refresh: function() {=0A= // extend methods for all tags (Safari doesn't need this)=0A= if (!Prototype.BrowserFeatures.ElementExtensions) {=0A= Object.extend(Methods, Element.Methods);=0A= Object.extend(Methods, Element.Methods.Simulated);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= extend.refresh();=0A= return extend;=0A= })();=0A= =0A= Element.hasAttribute =3D function(element, attribute) {=0A= if (element.hasAttribute) return element.hasAttribute(attribute);=0A= return Element.Methods.Simulated.hasAttribute(element, attribute);=0A= };=0A= =0A= Element.addMethods =3D function(methods) {=0A= var F =3D Prototype.BrowserFeatures, T =3D Element.Methods.ByTag;=0A= =0A= if (!methods) {=0A= Object.extend(Form, Form.Methods);=0A= Object.extend(Form.Element, Form.Element.Methods);=0A= Object.extend(Element.Methods.ByTag, {=0A= "FORM": Object.clone(Form.Methods),=0A= "INPUT": Object.clone(Form.Element.Methods),=0A= "SELECT": Object.clone(Form.Element.Methods),=0A= "TEXTAREA": Object.clone(Form.Element.Methods)=0A= });=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (arguments.length =3D=3D 2) {=0A= var tagName =3D methods;=0A= methods =3D arguments[1];=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (!tagName) Object.extend(Element.Methods, methods || { });=0A= else {=0A= if (Object.isArray(tagName)) tagName.each(extend);=0A= else extend(tagName);=0A= }=0A= =0A= function extend(tagName) {=0A= tagName =3D tagName.toUpperCase();=0A= if (!Element.Methods.ByTag[tagName])=0A= Element.Methods.ByTag[tagName] =3D { };=0A= Object.extend(Element.Methods.ByTag[tagName], methods);=0A= }=0A= =0A= function copy(methods, destination, onlyIfAbsent) {=0A= onlyIfAbsent =3D onlyIfAbsent || false;=0A= for (var property in methods) {=0A= var value =3D methods[property];=0A= if (!Object.isFunction(value)) continue;=0A= if (!onlyIfAbsent || !(property in destination))=0A= destination[property] =3D value.methodize();=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function findDOMClass(tagName) {=0A= var klass;=0A= var trans =3D {=0A= "OPTGROUP": "OptGroup", "TEXTAREA": "TextArea", "P": "Paragraph",=0A= "FIELDSET": "FieldSet", "UL": "UList", "OL": "OList", "DL": = "DList",=0A= "DIR": "Directory", "H1": "Heading", "H2": "Heading", "H3": = "Heading",=0A= "H4": "Heading", "H5": "Heading", "H6": "Heading", "Q": "Quote",=0A= "INS": "Mod", "DEL": "Mod", "A": "Anchor", "IMG": "Image", = "CAPTION":=0A= "TableCaption", "COL": "TableCol", "COLGROUP": "TableCol", "THEAD":=0A= "TableSection", "TFOOT": "TableSection", "TBODY": "TableSection", = "TR":=0A= "TableRow", "TH": "TableCell", "TD": "TableCell", "FRAMESET":=0A= "FrameSet", "IFRAME": "IFrame"=0A= };=0A= if (trans[tagName]) klass =3D 'HTML' + trans[tagName] + 'Element';=0A= if (window[klass]) return window[klass];=0A= klass =3D 'HTML' + tagName + 'Element';=0A= if (window[klass]) return window[klass];=0A= klass =3D 'HTML' + tagName.capitalize() + 'Element';=0A= if (window[klass]) return window[klass];=0A= =0A= window[klass] =3D { };=0A= window[klass].prototype =3D = document.createElement(tagName).__proto__;=0A= return window[klass];=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (F.ElementExtensions) {=0A= copy(Element.Methods, HTMLElement.prototype);=0A= copy(Element.Methods.Simulated, HTMLElement.prototype, true);=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (F.SpecificElementExtensions) {=0A= for (var tag in Element.Methods.ByTag) {=0A= var klass =3D findDOMClass(tag);=0A= if (Object.isUndefined(klass)) continue;=0A= copy(T[tag], klass.prototype);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= Object.extend(Element, Element.Methods);=0A= delete Element.ByTag;=0A= =0A= if (Element.extend.refresh) Element.extend.refresh();=0A= Element.cache =3D { };=0A= };=0A= =0A= document.viewport =3D {=0A= getDimensions: function() {=0A= var dimensions =3D { };=0A= $w('width height').each(function(d) {=0A= var D =3D d.capitalize();=0A= dimensions[d] =3D self['inner' + D] ||=0A= (document.documentElement['client' + D] || document.body['client' = + D]);=0A= });=0A= return dimensions;=0A= },=0A= =0A= getWidth: function() {=0A= return this.getDimensions().width;=0A= },=0A= =0A= getHeight: function() {=0A= return this.getDimensions().height;=0A= },=0A= =0A= getScrollOffsets: function() {=0A= return Element._returnOffset(=0A= window.pageXOffset || document.documentElement.scrollLeft || = document.body.scrollLeft,=0A= window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop || = document.body.scrollTop);=0A= }=0A= };=0A= /* Portions of the Selector class are derived from Jack Slocum=E2=80=99s = DomQuery,=0A= * part of YUI-Ext version 0.40, distributed under the terms of an = MIT-style=0A= * license. Please see http://www.yui-ext.com/ for more information. */=0A= =0A= var Selector =3D Class.create({=0A= initialize: function(expression) {=0A= this.expression =3D expression.strip();=0A= this.compileMatcher();=0A= },=0A= =0A= compileMatcher: function() {=0A= // Selectors with namespaced attributes can't use the XPath version=0A= if (Prototype.BrowserFeatures.XPath && = !(/(\[[\w-]*?:|:checked)/).test(this.expression))=0A= return this.compileXPathMatcher();=0A= =0A= var e =3D this.expression, ps =3D Selector.patterns, h =3D = Selector.handlers,=0A= c =3D Selector.criteria, le, p, m;=0A= =0A= if (Selector._cache[e]) {=0A= this.matcher =3D Selector._cache[e];=0A= return;=0A= }=0A= =0A= this.matcher =3D ["this.matcher =3D function(root) {",=0A= "var r =3D root, h =3D Selector.handlers, c =3D = false, n;"];=0A= =0A= while (e && le !=3D e && (/\S/).test(e)) {=0A= le =3D e;=0A= for (var i in ps) {=0A= p =3D ps[i];=0A= if (m =3D e.match(p)) {=0A= this.matcher.push(Object.isFunction(c[i]) ? c[i](m) :=0A= new Template(c[i]).evaluate(m));=0A= e =3D e.replace(m[0], '');=0A= break;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= this.matcher.push("return h.unique(n);\n}");=0A= eval(this.matcher.join('\n'));=0A= Selector._cache[this.expression] =3D this.matcher;=0A= },=0A= =0A= compileXPathMatcher: function() {=0A= var e =3D this.expression, ps =3D Selector.patterns,=0A= x =3D Selector.xpath, le, m;=0A= =0A= if (Selector._cache[e]) {=0A= this.xpath =3D Selector._cache[e]; return;=0A= }=0A= =0A= this.matcher =3D ['.//*'];=0A= while (e && le !=3D e && (/\S/).test(e)) {=0A= le =3D e;=0A= for (var i in ps) {=0A= if (m =3D e.match(ps[i])) {=0A= this.matcher.push(Object.isFunction(x[i]) ? x[i](m) :=0A= new Template(x[i]).evaluate(m));=0A= e =3D e.replace(m[0], '');=0A= break;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= this.xpath =3D this.matcher.join('');=0A= Selector._cache[this.expression] =3D this.xpath;=0A= },=0A= =0A= findElements: function(root) {=0A= root =3D root || document;=0A= if (this.xpath) return document._getElementsByXPath(this.xpath, = root);=0A= return this.matcher(root);=0A= },=0A= =0A= match: function(element) {=0A= this.tokens =3D [];=0A= =0A= var e =3D this.expression, ps =3D Selector.patterns, as =3D = Selector.assertions;=0A= var le, p, m;=0A= =0A= while (e && le !=3D=3D e && (/\S/).test(e)) {=0A= le =3D e;=0A= for (var i in ps) {=0A= p =3D ps[i];=0A= if (m =3D e.match(p)) {=0A= // use the Selector.assertions methods unless the selector=0A= // is too complex.=0A= if (as[i]) {=0A= this.tokens.push([i, Object.clone(m)]);=0A= e =3D e.replace(m[0], '');=0A= } else {=0A= // reluctantly do a document-wide search=0A= // and look for a match in the array=0A= return this.findElements(document).include(element);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= var match =3D true, name, matches;=0A= for (var i =3D 0, token; token =3D this.tokens[i]; i++) {=0A= name =3D token[0], matches =3D token[1];=0A= if (!Selector.assertions[name](element, matches)) {=0A= match =3D false; break;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= return match;=0A= },=0A= =0A= toString: function() {=0A= return this.expression;=0A= },=0A= =0A= inspect: function() {=0A= return "#";=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= Object.extend(Selector, {=0A= _cache: { },=0A= =0A= xpath: {=0A= descendant: "//*",=0A= child: "/*",=0A= adjacent: "/following-sibling::*[1]",=0A= laterSibling: '/following-sibling::*',=0A= tagName: function(m) {=0A= if (m[1] =3D=3D '*') return '';=0A= return "[local-name()=3D'" + m[1].toLowerCase() +=0A= "' or local-name()=3D'" + m[1].toUpperCase() + "']";=0A= },=0A= className: "[contains(concat(' ', @class, ' '), ' #{1} ')]",=0A= id: "[@id=3D'#{1}']",=0A= attrPresence: "[@#{1}]",=0A= attr: function(m) {=0A= m[3] =3D m[5] || m[6];=0A= return new Template(Selector.xpath.operators[m[2]]).evaluate(m);=0A= },=0A= pseudo: function(m) {=0A= var h =3D Selector.xpath.pseudos[m[1]];=0A= if (!h) return '';=0A= if (Object.isFunction(h)) return h(m);=0A= return new Template(Selector.xpath.pseudos[m[1]]).evaluate(m);=0A= },=0A= operators: {=0A= '=3D': "[@#{1}=3D'#{3}']",=0A= '!=3D': "[@#{1}!=3D'#{3}']",=0A= '^=3D': "[starts-with(@#{1}, '#{3}')]",=0A= '$=3D': "[substring(@#{1}, (string-length(@#{1}) - = string-length('#{3}') + 1))=3D'#{3}']",=0A= '*=3D': "[contains(@#{1}, '#{3}')]",=0A= '~=3D': "[contains(concat(' ', @#{1}, ' '), ' #{3} ')]",=0A= '|=3D': "[contains(concat('-', @#{1}, '-'), '-#{3}-')]"=0A= },=0A= pseudos: {=0A= 'first-child': '[not(preceding-sibling::*)]',=0A= 'last-child': '[not(following-sibling::*)]',=0A= 'only-child': '[not(preceding-sibling::* or = following-sibling::*)]',=0A= 'empty': "[count(*) =3D 0 and (count(text()) =3D 0 or = translate(text(), ' \t\r\n', '') =3D '')]",=0A= 'checked': "[@checked]",=0A= 'disabled': "[@disabled]",=0A= 'enabled': "[not(@disabled)]",=0A= 'not': function(m) {=0A= var e =3D m[6], p =3D Selector.patterns,=0A= x =3D Selector.xpath, le, m, v;=0A= =0A= var exclusion =3D [];=0A= while (e && le !=3D e && (/\S/).test(e)) {=0A= le =3D e;=0A= for (var i in p) {=0A= if (m =3D e.match(p[i])) {=0A= v =3D Object.isFunction(x[i]) ? x[i](m) : new = Template(x[i]).evaluate(m);=0A= exclusion.push("(" + v.substring(1, v.length - 1) + ")");=0A= e =3D e.replace(m[0], '');=0A= break;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= return "[not(" + exclusion.join(" and ") + ")]";=0A= },=0A= 'nth-child': function(m) {=0A= return = Selector.xpath.pseudos.nth("(count(./preceding-sibling::*) + 1) ", m);=0A= },=0A= 'nth-last-child': function(m) {=0A= return = Selector.xpath.pseudos.nth("(count(./following-sibling::*) + 1) ", m);=0A= },=0A= 'nth-of-type': function(m) {=0A= return Selector.xpath.pseudos.nth("position() ", m);=0A= },=0A= 'nth-last-of-type': function(m) {=0A= return Selector.xpath.pseudos.nth("(last() + 1 - position()) ", = m);=0A= },=0A= 'first-of-type': function(m) {=0A= m[6] =3D "1"; return Selector.xpath.pseudos['nth-of-type'](m);=0A= },=0A= 'last-of-type': function(m) {=0A= m[6] =3D "1"; return = Selector.xpath.pseudos['nth-last-of-type'](m);=0A= },=0A= 'only-of-type': function(m) {=0A= var p =3D Selector.xpath.pseudos; return p['first-of-type'](m) + = p['last-of-type'](m);=0A= },=0A= nth: function(fragment, m) {=0A= var mm, formula =3D m[6], predicate;=0A= if (formula =3D=3D 'even') formula =3D '2n+0';=0A= if (formula =3D=3D 'odd') formula =3D '2n+1';=0A= if (mm =3D formula.match(/^(\d+)$/)) // digit only=0A= return '[' + fragment + "=3D " + mm[1] + ']';=0A= if (mm =3D formula.match(/^(-?\d*)?n(([+-])(\d+))?/)) { // an+b=0A= if (mm[1] =3D=3D "-") mm[1] =3D -1;=0A= var a =3D mm[1] ? Number(mm[1]) : 1;=0A= var b =3D mm[2] ? Number(mm[2]) : 0;=0A= predicate =3D "[((#{fragment} - #{b}) mod #{a} =3D 0) and " +=0A= "((#{fragment} - #{b}) div #{a} >=3D 0)]";=0A= return new Template(predicate).evaluate({=0A= fragment: fragment, a: a, b: b });=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= criteria: {=0A= tagName: 'n =3D h.tagName(n, r, "#{1}", c); c =3D false;',=0A= className: 'n =3D h.className(n, r, "#{1}", c); c =3D false;',=0A= id: 'n =3D h.id(n, r, "#{1}", c); c =3D false;',=0A= attrPresence: 'n =3D h.attrPresence(n, r, "#{1}"); c =3D false;',=0A= attr: function(m) {=0A= m[3] =3D (m[5] || m[6]);=0A= return new Template('n =3D h.attr(n, r, "#{1}", "#{3}", "#{2}"); c = =3D false;').evaluate(m);=0A= },=0A= pseudo: function(m) {=0A= if (m[6]) m[6] =3D m[6].replace(/"/g, '\\"');=0A= return new Template('n =3D h.pseudo(n, "#{1}", "#{6}", r, c); c = =3D false;').evaluate(m);=0A= },=0A= descendant: 'c =3D "descendant";',=0A= child: 'c =3D "child";',=0A= adjacent: 'c =3D "adjacent";',=0A= laterSibling: 'c =3D "laterSibling";'=0A= },=0A= =0A= patterns: {=0A= // combinators must be listed first=0A= // (and descendant needs to be last combinator)=0A= laterSibling: /^\s*~\s*/,=0A= child: /^\s*>\s*/,=0A= adjacent: /^\s*\+\s*/,=0A= descendant: /^\s/,=0A= =0A= // selectors follow=0A= tagName: /^\s*(\*|[\w\-]+)(\b|$)?/,=0A= id: /^#([\w\-\*]+)(\b|$)/,=0A= className: /^\.([\w\-\*]+)(\b|$)/,=0A= pseudo: = /^:((first|last|nth|nth-last|only)(-child|-of-type)|empty|checked|(en|dis= )abled|not)($(.*?)$)?(\b|$|(?=3D\s)|(?=3D:))/,=0A= attrPresence: /^\[([\w]+)\]/,=0A= attr: = /\[((?:[\w-]*:)?[\w-]+)\s*(?:([!^$*~|]?=3D)\s*((['"])([^\4]*?)\4|([^'"][^= \]]*?)))?\]/=0A= },=0A= =0A= // for Selector.match and Element#match=0A= assertions: {=0A= tagName: function(element, matches) {=0A= return matches[1].toUpperCase() =3D=3D = element.tagName.toUpperCase();=0A= },=0A= =0A= className: function(element, matches) {=0A= return Element.hasClassName(element, matches[1]);=0A= },=0A= =0A= id: function(element, matches) {=0A= return element.id =3D=3D=3D matches[1];=0A= },=0A= =0A= attrPresence: function(element, matches) {=0A= return Element.hasAttribute(element, matches[1]);=0A= },=0A= =0A= attr: function(element, matches) {=0A= var nodeValue =3D Element.readAttribute(element, matches[1]);=0A= return Selector.operators[matches[2]](nodeValue, matches[3]);=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= handlers: {=0A= // UTILITY FUNCTIONS=0A= // joins two collections=0A= concat: function(a, b) {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, node; node =3D b[i]; i++)=0A= a.push(node);=0A= return a;=0A= },=0A= =0A= // marks an array of nodes for counting=0A= mark: function(nodes) {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= node._counted =3D true;=0A= return nodes;=0A= },=0A= =0A= unmark: function(nodes) {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= node._counted =3D undefined;=0A= return nodes;=0A= },=0A= =0A= // mark each child node with its position (for nth calls)=0A= // "ofType" flag indicates whether we're indexing for nth-of-type=0A= // rather than nth-child=0A= index: function(parentNode, reverse, ofType) {=0A= parentNode._counted =3D true;=0A= if (reverse) {=0A= for (var nodes =3D parentNode.childNodes, i =3D nodes.length - = 1, j =3D 1; i >=3D 0; i--) {=0A= var node =3D nodes[i];=0A= if (node.nodeType =3D=3D 1 && (!ofType || node._counted)) = node.nodeIndex =3D j++;=0A= }=0A= } else {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, j =3D 1, nodes =3D parentNode.childNodes; node = =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= if (node.nodeType =3D=3D 1 && (!ofType || node._counted)) = node.nodeIndex =3D j++;=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= // filters out duplicates and extends all nodes=0A= unique: function(nodes) {=0A= if (nodes.length =3D=3D 0) return nodes;=0A= var results =3D [], n;=0A= for (var i =3D 0, l =3D nodes.length; i < l; i++)=0A= if (!(n =3D nodes[i])._counted) {=0A= n._counted =3D true;=0A= results.push(Element.extend(n));=0A= }=0A= return Selector.handlers.unmark(results);=0A= },=0A= =0A= // COMBINATOR FUNCTIONS=0A= descendant: function(nodes) {=0A= var h =3D Selector.handlers;=0A= for (var i =3D 0, results =3D [], node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= h.concat(results, node.getElementsByTagName('*'));=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= child: function(nodes) {=0A= var h =3D Selector.handlers;=0A= for (var i =3D 0, results =3D [], node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++) {=0A= for (var j =3D 0, children =3D [], child; child =3D = node.childNodes[j]; j++)=0A= if (child.nodeType =3D=3D 1 && child.tagName !=3D '!') = results.push(child);=0A= }=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= adjacent: function(nodes) {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, results =3D [], node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++) {=0A= var next =3D this.nextElementSibling(node);=0A= if (next) results.push(next);=0A= }=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= laterSibling: function(nodes) {=0A= var h =3D Selector.handlers;=0A= for (var i =3D 0, results =3D [], node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= h.concat(results, Element.nextSiblings(node));=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= nextElementSibling: function(node) {=0A= while (node =3D node.nextSibling)=0A= if (node.nodeType =3D=3D 1) return node;=0A= return null;=0A= },=0A= =0A= previousElementSibling: function(node) {=0A= while (node =3D node.previousSibling)=0A= if (node.nodeType =3D=3D 1) return node;=0A= return null;=0A= },=0A= =0A= // TOKEN FUNCTIONS=0A= tagName: function(nodes, root, tagName, combinator) {=0A= tagName =3D tagName.toUpperCase();=0A= var results =3D [], h =3D Selector.handlers;=0A= if (nodes) {=0A= if (combinator) {=0A= // fastlane for ordinary descendant combinators=0A= if (combinator =3D=3D "descendant") {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= h.concat(results, node.getElementsByTagName(tagName));=0A= return results;=0A= } else nodes =3D this[combinator](nodes);=0A= if (tagName =3D=3D "*") return nodes;=0A= }=0A= for (var i =3D 0, node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= if (node.tagName.toUpperCase() =3D=3D tagName) = results.push(node);=0A= return results;=0A= } else return root.getElementsByTagName(tagName);=0A= },=0A= =0A= id: function(nodes, root, id, combinator) {=0A= var targetNode =3D $(id), h =3D Selector.handlers;=0A= if (!targetNode) return [];=0A= if (!nodes && root =3D=3D document) return [targetNode];=0A= if (nodes) {=0A= if (combinator) {=0A= if (combinator =3D=3D 'child') {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= if (targetNode.parentNode =3D=3D node) return [targetNode];=0A= } else if (combinator =3D=3D 'descendant') {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= if (Element.descendantOf(targetNode, node)) return = [targetNode];=0A= } else if (combinator =3D=3D 'adjacent') {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= if (Selector.handlers.previousElementSibling(targetNode) = =3D=3D node)=0A= return [targetNode];=0A= } else nodes =3D h[combinator](nodes);=0A= }=0A= for (var i =3D 0, node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= if (node =3D=3D targetNode) return [targetNode];=0A= return [];=0A= }=0A= return (targetNode && Element.descendantOf(targetNode, root)) ? = [targetNode] : [];=0A= },=0A= =0A= className: function(nodes, root, className, combinator) {=0A= if (nodes && combinator) nodes =3D this[combinator](nodes);=0A= return Selector.handlers.byClassName(nodes, root, className);=0A= },=0A= =0A= byClassName: function(nodes, root, className) {=0A= if (!nodes) nodes =3D Selector.handlers.descendant([root]);=0A= var needle =3D ' ' + className + ' ';=0A= for (var i =3D 0, results =3D [], node, nodeClassName; node =3D = nodes[i]; i++) {=0A= nodeClassName =3D node.className;=0A= if (nodeClassName.length =3D=3D 0) continue;=0A= if (nodeClassName =3D=3D className || (' ' + nodeClassName + ' = ').include(needle))=0A= results.push(node);=0A= }=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= attrPresence: function(nodes, root, attr) {=0A= if (!nodes) nodes =3D root.getElementsByTagName("*");=0A= var results =3D [];=0A= for (var i =3D 0, node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= if (Element.hasAttribute(node, attr)) results.push(node);=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= attr: function(nodes, root, attr, value, operator) {=0A= if (!nodes) nodes =3D root.getElementsByTagName("*");=0A= var handler =3D Selector.operators[operator], results =3D [];=0A= for (var i =3D 0, node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++) {=0A= var nodeValue =3D Element.readAttribute(node, attr);=0A= if (nodeValue =3D=3D=3D null) continue;=0A= if (handler(nodeValue, value)) results.push(node);=0A= }=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= pseudo: function(nodes, name, value, root, combinator) {=0A= if (nodes && combinator) nodes =3D this[combinator](nodes);=0A= if (!nodes) nodes =3D root.getElementsByTagName("*");=0A= return Selector.pseudos[name](nodes, value, root);=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= pseudos: {=0A= 'first-child': function(nodes, value, root) {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, results =3D [], node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++) {=0A= if (Selector.handlers.previousElementSibling(node)) continue;=0A= results.push(node);=0A= }=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= 'last-child': function(nodes, value, root) {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, results =3D [], node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++) {=0A= if (Selector.handlers.nextElementSibling(node)) continue;=0A= results.push(node);=0A= }=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= 'only-child': function(nodes, value, root) {=0A= var h =3D Selector.handlers;=0A= for (var i =3D 0, results =3D [], node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= if (!h.previousElementSibling(node) && = !h.nextElementSibling(node))=0A= results.push(node);=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= 'nth-child': function(nodes, formula, root) {=0A= return Selector.pseudos.nth(nodes, formula, root);=0A= },=0A= 'nth-last-child': function(nodes, formula, root) {=0A= return Selector.pseudos.nth(nodes, formula, root, true);=0A= },=0A= 'nth-of-type': function(nodes, formula, root) {=0A= return Selector.pseudos.nth(nodes, formula, root, false, true);=0A= },=0A= 'nth-last-of-type': function(nodes, formula, root) {=0A= return Selector.pseudos.nth(nodes, formula, root, true, true);=0A= },=0A= 'first-of-type': function(nodes, formula, root) {=0A= return Selector.pseudos.nth(nodes, "1", root, false, true);=0A= },=0A= 'last-of-type': function(nodes, formula, root) {=0A= return Selector.pseudos.nth(nodes, "1", root, true, true);=0A= },=0A= 'only-of-type': function(nodes, formula, root) {=0A= var p =3D Selector.pseudos;=0A= return p['last-of-type'](p['first-of-type'](nodes, formula, root), = formula, root);=0A= },=0A= =0A= // handles the an+b logic=0A= getIndices: function(a, b, total) {=0A= if (a =3D=3D 0) return b > 0 ? [b] : [];=0A= return $R(1, total).inject([], function(memo, i) {=0A= if (0 =3D=3D (i - b) % a && (i - b) / a >=3D 0) memo.push(i);=0A= return memo;=0A= });=0A= },=0A= =0A= // handles nth(-last)-child, nth(-last)-of-type, and = (first|last)-of-type=0A= nth: function(nodes, formula, root, reverse, ofType) {=0A= if (nodes.length =3D=3D 0) return [];=0A= if (formula =3D=3D 'even') formula =3D '2n+0';=0A= if (formula =3D=3D 'odd') formula =3D '2n+1';=0A= var h =3D Selector.handlers, results =3D [], indexed =3D [], m;=0A= h.mark(nodes);=0A= for (var i =3D 0, node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++) {=0A= if (!node.parentNode._counted) {=0A= h.index(node.parentNode, reverse, ofType);=0A= indexed.push(node.parentNode);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= if (formula.match(/^\d+$/)) { // just a number=0A= formula =3D Number(formula);=0A= for (var i =3D 0, node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= if (node.nodeIndex =3D=3D formula) results.push(node);=0A= } else if (m =3D formula.match(/^(-?\d*)?n(([+-])(\d+))?/)) { // = an+b=0A= if (m[1] =3D=3D "-") m[1] =3D -1;=0A= var a =3D m[1] ? Number(m[1]) : 1;=0A= var b =3D m[2] ? Number(m[2]) : 0;=0A= var indices =3D Selector.pseudos.getIndices(a, b, nodes.length);=0A= for (var i =3D 0, node, l =3D indices.length; node =3D nodes[i]; = i++) {=0A= for (var j =3D 0; j < l; j++)=0A= if (node.nodeIndex =3D=3D indices[j]) results.push(node);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= h.unmark(nodes);=0A= h.unmark(indexed);=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= 'empty': function(nodes, value, root) {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, results =3D [], node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++) {=0A= // IE treats comments as element nodes=0A= if (node.tagName =3D=3D '!' || (node.firstChild && = !node.innerHTML.match(/^\s*$/))) continue;=0A= results.push(node);=0A= }=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= 'not': function(nodes, selector, root) {=0A= var h =3D Selector.handlers, selectorType, m;=0A= var exclusions =3D new Selector(selector).findElements(root);=0A= h.mark(exclusions);=0A= for (var i =3D 0, results =3D [], node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= if (!node._counted) results.push(node);=0A= h.unmark(exclusions);=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= 'enabled': function(nodes, value, root) {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, results =3D [], node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= if (!node.disabled) results.push(node);=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= 'disabled': function(nodes, value, root) {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, results =3D [], node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= if (node.disabled) results.push(node);=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= 'checked': function(nodes, value, root) {=0A= for (var i =3D 0, results =3D [], node; node =3D nodes[i]; i++)=0A= if (node.checked) results.push(node);=0A= return results;=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= operators: {=0A= '=3D': function(nv, v) { return nv =3D=3D v; },=0A= '!=3D': function(nv, v) { return nv !=3D v; },=0A= '^=3D': function(nv, v) { return nv.startsWith(v); },=0A= '$=3D': function(nv, v) { return nv.endsWith(v); },=0A= '*=3D': function(nv, v) { return nv.include(v); },=0A= '~=3D': function(nv, v) { return (' ' + nv + ' ').include(' ' + v + = ' '); },=0A= '|=3D': function(nv, v) { return ('-' + nv.toUpperCase() + = '-').include('-' + v.toUpperCase() + '-'); }=0A= },=0A= =0A= matchElements: function(elements, expression) {=0A= var matches =3D new Selector(expression).findElements(), h =3D = Selector.handlers;=0A= h.mark(matches);=0A= for (var i =3D 0, results =3D [], element; element =3D elements[i]; = i++)=0A= if (element._counted) results.push(element);=0A= h.unmark(matches);=0A= return results;=0A= },=0A= =0A= findElement: function(elements, expression, index) {=0A= if (Object.isNumber(expression)) {=0A= index =3D expression; expression =3D false;=0A= }=0A= return Selector.matchElements(elements, expression || '*')[index || = 0];=0A= },=0A= =0A= findChildElements: function(element, expressions) {=0A= var exprs =3D expressions.join(','), expressions =3D [];=0A= exprs.scan(/(([\w#:.~>+()\s-]+|\*|\[.*?\])+)\s*(,|$)/, function(m) {=0A= expressions.push(m[1].strip());=0A= });=0A= var results =3D [], h =3D Selector.handlers;=0A= for (var i =3D 0, l =3D expressions.length, selector; i < l; i++) {=0A= selector =3D new Selector(expressions[i].strip());=0A= h.concat(results, selector.findElements(element));=0A= }=0A= return (l > 1) ? h.unique(results) : results;=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= function $$() {=0A= return Selector.findChildElements(document, $A(arguments));=0A= }=0A= var Form =3D {=0A= reset: function(form) {=0A= $(form).reset();=0A= return form;=0A= },=0A= =0A= serializeElements: function(elements, options) {=0A= if (typeof options !=3D 'object') options =3D { hash: !!options };=0A= else if (options.hash =3D=3D=3D undefined) options.hash =3D true;=0A= var key, value, submitted =3D false, submit =3D options.submit;=0A= =0A= var data =3D elements.inject({ }, function(result, element) {=0A= if (!element.disabled && element.name) {=0A= key =3D element.name; value =3D $(element).getValue();=0A= if (value !=3D null && (element.type !=3D 'submit' || = (!submitted &&=0A= submit !=3D=3D false && (!submit || key =3D=3D submit) && = (submitted =3D true)))) {=0A= if (key in result) {=0A= // a key is already present; construct an array of values=0A= if (!Object.isArray(result[key])) result[key] =3D = [result[key]];=0A= result[key].push(value);=0A= }=0A= else result[key] =3D value;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= return result;=0A= });=0A= =0A= return options.hash ? data : Object.toQueryString(data);=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= Form.Methods =3D {=0A= serialize: function(form, options) {=0A= return Form.serializeElements(Form.getElements(form), options);=0A= },=0A= =0A= getElements: function(form) {=0A= return $A($(form).getElementsByTagName('*')).inject([],=0A= function(elements, child) {=0A= if (Form.Element.Serializers[child.tagName.toLowerCase()])=0A= elements.push(Element.extend(child));=0A= return elements;=0A= }=0A= );=0A= },=0A= =0A= getInputs: function(form, typeName, name) {=0A= form =3D $(form);=0A= var inputs =3D form.getElementsByTagName('input');=0A= =0A= if (!typeName && !name) return $A(inputs).map(Element.extend);=0A= =0A= for (var i =3D 0, matchingInputs =3D [], length =3D inputs.length; i = < length; i++) {=0A= var input =3D inputs[i];=0A= if ((typeName && input.type !=3D typeName) || (name && input.name = !=3D name))=0A= continue;=0A= matchingInputs.push(Element.extend(input));=0A= }=0A= =0A= return matchingInputs;=0A= },=0A= =0A= disable: function(form) {=0A= form =3D $(form);=0A= Form.getElements(form).invoke('disable');=0A= return form;=0A= },=0A= =0A= enable: function(form) {=0A= form =3D $(form);=0A= Form.getElements(form).invoke('enable');=0A= return form;=0A= },=0A= =0A= findFirstElement: function(form) {=0A= var elements =3D $(form).getElements().findAll(function(element) {=0A= return 'hidden' !=3D element.type && !element.disabled;=0A= });=0A= var firstByIndex =3D elements.findAll(function(element) {=0A= return element.hasAttribute('tabIndex') && element.tabIndex >=3D 0;=0A= }).sortBy(function(element) { return element.tabIndex }).first();=0A= =0A= return firstByIndex ? firstByIndex : elements.find(function(element) = {=0A= return ['input', 'select', = 'textarea'].include(element.tagName.toLowerCase());=0A= });=0A= },=0A= =0A= focusFirstElement: function(form) {=0A= form =3D $(form);=0A= form.findFirstElement().activate();=0A= return form;=0A= },=0A= =0A= request: function(form, options) {=0A= form =3D $(form), options =3D Object.clone(options || { });=0A= =0A= var params =3D options.parameters, action =3D = form.readAttribute('action') || '';=0A= if (action.blank()) action =3D window.location.href;=0A= options.parameters =3D form.serialize(true);=0A= =0A= if (params) {=0A= if (Object.isString(params)) params =3D params.toQueryParams();=0A= Object.extend(options.parameters, params);=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (form.hasAttribute('method') && !options.method)=0A= options.method =3D form.method;=0A= =0A= return new Ajax.Request(action, options);=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------= ---*/=0A= =0A= Form.Element =3D {=0A= focus: function(element) {=0A= $(element).focus();=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= select: function(element) {=0A= $(element).select();=0A= return element;=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= Form.Element.Methods =3D {=0A= serialize: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (!element.disabled && element.name) {=0A= var value =3D element.getValue();=0A= if (value !=3D undefined) {=0A= var pair =3D { };=0A= pair[element.name] =3D value;=0A= return Object.toQueryString(pair);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= return '';=0A= },=0A= =0A= getValue: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var method =3D element.tagName.toLowerCase();=0A= return Form.Element.Serializers[method](element);=0A= },=0A= =0A= setValue: function(element, value) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var method =3D element.tagName.toLowerCase();=0A= Form.Element.Serializers[method](element, value);=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= clear: function(element) {=0A= $(element).value =3D '';=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= present: function(element) {=0A= return $(element).value !=3D '';=0A= },=0A= =0A= activate: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= try {=0A= element.focus();=0A= if (element.select && (element.tagName.toLowerCase() !=3D 'input' = ||=0A= !['button', 'reset', 'submit'].include(element.type)))=0A= element.select();=0A= } catch (e) { }=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= disable: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= element.blur();=0A= element.disabled =3D true;=0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= enable: function(element) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= element.disabled =3D false;=0A= return element;=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------= ---*/=0A= =0A= var Field =3D Form.Element;=0A= var $F =3D Form.Element.Methods.getValue;=0A= =0A= /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------= ---*/=0A= =0A= Form.Element.Serializers =3D {=0A= input: function(element, value) {=0A= switch (element.type.toLowerCase()) {=0A= case 'checkbox':=0A= case 'radio':=0A= return Form.Element.Serializers.inputSelector(element, value);=0A= default:=0A= return Form.Element.Serializers.textarea(element, value);=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= inputSelector: function(element, value) {=0A= if (value =3D=3D=3D undefined) return element.checked ? = element.value : null;=0A= else element.checked =3D !!value;=0A= },=0A= =0A= textarea: function(element, value) {=0A= if (value =3D=3D=3D undefined) return element.value;=0A= else element.value =3D value;=0A= },=0A= =0A= select: function(element, index) {=0A= if (index =3D=3D=3D undefined)=0A= return this[element.type =3D=3D 'select-one' ?=0A= 'selectOne' : 'selectMany'](element);=0A= else {=0A= var opt, value, single =3D !Object.isArray(index);=0A= for (var i =3D 0, length =3D element.length; i < length; i++) {=0A= opt =3D element.options[i];=0A= value =3D this.optionValue(opt);=0A= if (single) {=0A= if (value =3D=3D index) {=0A= opt.selected =3D true;=0A= return;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= else opt.selected =3D index.include(value);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= selectOne: function(element) {=0A= var index =3D element.selectedIndex;=0A= return index >=3D 0 ? this.optionValue(element.options[index]) : = null;=0A= },=0A= =0A= selectMany: function(element) {=0A= var values, length =3D element.length;=0A= if (!length) return null;=0A= =0A= for (var i =3D 0, values =3D []; i < length; i++) {=0A= var opt =3D element.options[i];=0A= if (opt.selected) values.push(this.optionValue(opt));=0A= }=0A= return values;=0A= },=0A= =0A= optionValue: function(opt) {=0A= // extend element because hasAttribute may not be native=0A= return Element.extend(opt).hasAttribute('value') ? opt.value : = opt.text;=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------= ---*/=0A= =0A= Abstract.TimedObserver =3D Class.create(PeriodicalExecuter, {=0A= initialize: function($super, element, frequency, callback) {=0A= $super(callback, frequency);=0A= this.element =3D $(element);=0A= this.lastValue =3D this.getValue();=0A= },=0A= =0A= execute: function() {=0A= var value =3D this.getValue();=0A= if (Object.isString(this.lastValue) && Object.isString(value) ?=0A= this.lastValue !=3D value : String(this.lastValue) !=3D = String(value)) {=0A= this.callback(this.element, value);=0A= this.lastValue =3D value;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= Form.Element.Observer =3D Class.create(Abstract.TimedObserver, {=0A= getValue: function() {=0A= return Form.Element.getValue(this.element);=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= Form.Observer =3D Class.create(Abstract.TimedObserver, {=0A= getValue: function() {=0A= return Form.serialize(this.element);=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------= ---*/=0A= =0A= Abstract.EventObserver =3D Class.create({=0A= initialize: function(element, callback) {=0A= this.element =3D $(element);=0A= this.callback =3D callback;=0A= =0A= this.lastValue =3D this.getValue();=0A= if (this.element.tagName.toLowerCase() =3D=3D 'form')=0A= this.registerFormCallbacks();=0A= else=0A= this.registerCallback(this.element);=0A= },=0A= =0A= onElementEvent: function() {=0A= var value =3D this.getValue();=0A= if (this.lastValue !=3D value) {=0A= this.callback(this.element, value);=0A= this.lastValue =3D value;=0A= }=0A= },=0A= =0A= registerFormCallbacks: function() {=0A= Form.getElements(this.element).each(this.registerCallback, this);=0A= },=0A= =0A= registerCallback: function(element) {=0A= if (element.type) {=0A= switch (element.type.toLowerCase()) {=0A= case 'checkbox':=0A= case 'radio':=0A= Event.observe(element, 'click', = this.onElementEvent.bind(this));=0A= break;=0A= default:=0A= Event.observe(element, 'change', = this.onElementEvent.bind(this));=0A= break;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= Form.Element.EventObserver =3D Class.create(Abstract.EventObserver, {=0A= getValue: function() {=0A= return Form.Element.getValue(this.element);=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= Form.EventObserver =3D Class.create(Abstract.EventObserver, {=0A= getValue: function() {=0A= return Form.serialize(this.element);=0A= }=0A= });=0A= if (!window.Event) var Event =3D { };=0A= =0A= Object.extend(Event, {=0A= KEY_BACKSPACE: 8,=0A= KEY_TAB: 9,=0A= KEY_RETURN: 13,=0A= KEY_ESC: 27,=0A= KEY_LEFT: 37,=0A= KEY_UP: 38,=0A= KEY_RIGHT: 39,=0A= KEY_DOWN: 40,=0A= KEY_DELETE: 46,=0A= KEY_HOME: 36,=0A= KEY_END: 35,=0A= KEY_PAGEUP: 33,=0A= KEY_PAGEDOWN: 34,=0A= KEY_INSERT: 45,=0A= =0A= cache: { },=0A= =0A= relatedTarget: function(event) {=0A= var element;=0A= switch(event.type) {=0A= case 'mouseover': element =3D event.fromElement; break;=0A= case 'mouseout': element =3D event.toElement; break;=0A= default: return null;=0A= }=0A= return Element.extend(element);=0A= }=0A= });=0A= =0A= Event.Methods =3D (function() {=0A= var isButton;=0A= =0A= if (Prototype.Browser.IE) {=0A= var buttonMap =3D { 0: 1, 1: 4, 2: 2 };=0A= isButton =3D function(event, code) {=0A= return event.button =3D=3D buttonMap[code];=0A= };=0A= =0A= } else if (Prototype.Browser.WebKit) {=0A= isButton =3D function(event, code) {=0A= switch (code) {=0A= case 0: return event.which =3D=3D 1 && !event.metaKey;=0A= case 1: return event.which =3D=3D 1 && event.metaKey;=0A= default: return false;=0A= }=0A= };=0A= =0A= } else {=0A= isButton =3D function(event, code) {=0A= return event.which ? (event.which =3D=3D=3D code + 1) : = (event.button =3D=3D=3D code);=0A= };=0A= }=0A= =0A= return {=0A= isLeftClick: function(event) { return isButton(event, 0) },=0A= isMiddleClick: function(event) { return isButton(event, 1) },=0A= isRightClick: function(event) { return isButton(event, 2) },=0A= =0A= element: function(event) {=0A= var node =3D Event.extend(event).target;=0A= return Element.extend(node.nodeType =3D=3D Node.TEXT_NODE ? = node.parentNode : node);=0A= },=0A= =0A= findElement: function(event, expression) {=0A= var element =3D Event.element(event);=0A= return element.match(expression) ? element : = element.up(expression);=0A= },=0A= =0A= pointer: function(event) {=0A= return {=0A= x: event.pageX || (event.clientX +=0A= (document.documentElement.scrollLeft || = document.body.scrollLeft)),=0A= y: event.pageY || (event.clientY +=0A= (document.documentElement.scrollTop || = document.body.scrollTop))=0A= };=0A= },=0A= =0A= pointerX: function(event) { return Event.pointer(event).x },=0A= pointerY: function(event) { return Event.pointer(event).y },=0A= =0A= stop: function(event) {=0A= Event.extend(event);=0A= event.preventDefault();=0A= event.stopPropagation();=0A= event.stopped =3D true;=0A= }=0A= };=0A= })();=0A= =0A= Event.extend =3D (function() {=0A= var methods =3D Object.keys(Event.Methods).inject({ }, function(m, = name) {=0A= m[name] =3D Event.Methods[name].methodize();=0A= return m;=0A= });=0A= =0A= if (Prototype.Browser.IE) {=0A= Object.extend(methods, {=0A= stopPropagation: function() { this.cancelBubble =3D true },=0A= preventDefault: function() { this.returnValue =3D false },=0A= inspect: function() { return "[object Event]" }=0A= });=0A= =0A= return function(event) {=0A= if (!event) return false;=0A= if (event._extendedByPrototype) return event;=0A= =0A= event._extendedByPrototype =3D Prototype.emptyFunction;=0A= var pointer =3D Event.pointer(event);=0A= Object.extend(event, {=0A= target: event.srcElement,=0A= relatedTarget: Event.relatedTarget(event),=0A= pageX: pointer.x,=0A= pageY: pointer.y=0A= });=0A= return Object.extend(event, methods);=0A= };=0A= =0A= } else {=0A= Event.prototype =3D Event.prototype || = document.createEvent("HTMLEvents").__proto__;=0A= Object.extend(Event.prototype, methods);=0A= return Prototype.K;=0A= }=0A= })();=0A= =0A= Object.extend(Event, (function() {=0A= var cache =3D Event.cache;=0A= =0A= function getEventID(element) {=0A= if (element._eventID) return element._eventID;=0A= arguments.callee.id =3D arguments.callee.id || 1;=0A= return element._eventID =3D ++arguments.callee.id;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function getDOMEventName(eventName) {=0A= if (eventName && eventName.include(':')) return "dataavailable";=0A= return eventName;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function getCacheForID(id) {=0A= return cache[id] =3D cache[id] || { };=0A= }=0A= =0A= function getWrappersForEventName(id, eventName) {=0A= var c =3D getCacheForID(id);=0A= return c[eventName] =3D c[eventName] || [];=0A= }=0A= =0A= function createWrapper(element, eventName, handler) {=0A= var id =3D getEventID(element);=0A= var c =3D getWrappersForEventName(id, eventName);=0A= if (c.pluck("handler").include(handler)) return false;=0A= =0A= var wrapper =3D function(event) {=0A= if (!Event || !Event.extend ||=0A= (event.eventName && event.eventName !=3D eventName))=0A= return false;=0A= =0A= Event.extend(event);=0A= handler.call(element, event)=0A= };=0A= =0A= wrapper.handler =3D handler;=0A= c.push(wrapper);=0A= return wrapper;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function findWrapper(id, eventName, handler) {=0A= var c =3D getWrappersForEventName(id, eventName);=0A= return c.find(function(wrapper) { return wrapper.handler =3D=3D = handler });=0A= }=0A= =0A= function destroyWrapper(id, eventName, handler) {=0A= var c =3D getCacheForID(id);=0A= if (!c[eventName]) return false;=0A= c[eventName] =3D c[eventName].without(findWrapper(id, eventName, = handler));=0A= }=0A= =0A= function destroyCache() {=0A= for (var id in cache)=0A= for (var eventName in cache[id])=0A= cache[id][eventName] =3D null;=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (window.attachEvent) {=0A= window.attachEvent("onunload", destroyCache);=0A= }=0A= =0A= return {=0A= observe: function(element, eventName, handler) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var name =3D getDOMEventName(eventName);=0A= =0A= var wrapper =3D createWrapper(element, eventName, handler);=0A= if (!wrapper) return element;=0A= =0A= if (element.addEventListener) {=0A= element.addEventListener(name, wrapper, false);=0A= } else {=0A= element.attachEvent("on" + name, wrapper);=0A= }=0A= =0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= stopObserving: function(element, eventName, handler) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= var id =3D getEventID(element), name =3D = getDOMEventName(eventName);=0A= =0A= if (!handler && eventName) {=0A= getWrappersForEventName(id, eventName).each(function(wrapper) {=0A= element.stopObserving(eventName, wrapper.handler);=0A= });=0A= return element;=0A= =0A= } else if (!eventName) {=0A= Object.keys(getCacheForID(id)).each(function(eventName) {=0A= element.stopObserving(eventName);=0A= });=0A= return element;=0A= }=0A= =0A= var wrapper =3D findWrapper(id, eventName, handler);=0A= if (!wrapper) return element;=0A= =0A= if (element.removeEventListener) {=0A= element.removeEventListener(name, wrapper, false);=0A= } else {=0A= element.detachEvent("on" + name, wrapper);=0A= }=0A= =0A= destroyWrapper(id, eventName, handler);=0A= =0A= return element;=0A= },=0A= =0A= fire: function(element, eventName, memo) {=0A= element =3D $(element);=0A= if (element =3D=3D document && document.createEvent && = !element.dispatchEvent)=0A= element =3D document.documentElement;=0A= =0A= if (document.createEvent) {=0A= var event =3D document.createEvent("HTMLEvents");=0A= event.initEvent("dataavailable", true, true);=0A= } else {=0A= var event =3D document.createEventObject();=0A= event.eventType =3D "ondataavailable";=0A= }=0A= =0A= event.eventName =3D eventName;=0A= event.memo =3D memo || { };=0A= =0A= if (document.createEvent) {=0A= element.dispatchEvent(event);=0A= } else {=0A= element.fireEvent(event.eventType, event);=0A= }=0A= =0A= return event;=0A= }=0A= };=0A= })());=0A= =0A= Object.extend(Event, Event.Methods);=0A= =0A= Element.addMethods({=0A= fire: Event.fire,=0A= observe: Event.observe,=0A= stopObserving: Event.stopObserving=0A= });=0A= =0A= Object.extend(document, {=0A= fire: Element.Methods.fire.methodize(),=0A= observe: Element.Methods.observe.methodize(),=0A= stopObserving: Element.Methods.stopObserving.methodize()=0A= });=0A= =0A= (function() {=0A= /* Support for the DOMContentLoaded event is based on work by Dan Webb,=0A= Matthias Miller, Dean Edwards and John Resig. */=0A= =0A= var timer, fired =3D false;=0A= =0A= function fireContentLoadedEvent() {=0A= if (fired) return;=0A= if (timer) window.clearInterval(timer);=0A= document.fire("dom:loaded");=0A= fired =3D true;=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (document.addEventListener) {=0A= if (Prototype.Browser.WebKit) {=0A= timer =3D window.setInterval(function() {=0A= if (/loaded|complete/.test(document.readyState))=0A= fireContentLoadedEvent();=0A= }, 0);=0A= =0A= Event.observe(window, "load", fireContentLoadedEvent);=0A= =0A= } else {=0A= document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",=0A= fireContentLoadedEvent, false);=0A= }=0A= =0A= } else {=0A= document.write("'; var cssStr =3D ''; cssStr+=3D''; var htmlStr=3D''; // begin help infobubble htmlStr+=3D'

'; htmlStr+=3D'

'= ; htmlStr+=3D'

'; htmlStr+=3D'

About 2collab'; htmlStr+=3D'

'; htmlStr+=3D'

2collab is a social bookmarking site where you can store and = organize your favorite internet resources.
More information about = 2collab

'; htmlStr+=3D'

'; // end help infobubble htmlStr+=3D'

'; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D'

'; htmlStr+=3D'

'; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; =20 htmlStr+=3D' '; //Add to 2collab link htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; //End Add to 2collab link =20 htmlStr+=3D'

'; htmlStr+=3D'

'; htmlStr+=3D' The research collaboration = tool'; htmlStr+=3D'

'; htmlStr+=3D' 3D""

'; htmlStr+=3D'

'; htmlStr+=3D''; =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; =20 =20 htmlStr+=3D' '; =20 htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 =20 htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' '; =20 =20 =20 htmlStr+=3D'

'; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D'	'; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D' No user tags yet'; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D'
'; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D'	'; htmlStr+=3D' This article has not yet been = bookmarked'; htmlStr+=3D'
'; htmlStr+=3D' '; htmlStr+=3D'	'; htmlStr+=3D' Not yet shared with any groups'; htmlStr+=3D'

'; htmlStr+=3D'

'; htmlStr+=3D'

'; htmlStr+=3D' ';=20 //document.write(htmlStr); collabJsStr =3D jsStr; collabCssStr =3D cssStr; collabHtmlStr =3D htmlStr; stop2CollabTimeout(); ------=_NextPart_000_004B_01C8EB47.1B269D60--