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Subject: Notch Signaling Enhances Nestin Expression in Gliomas
Date: Mon, 5 Apr 2010 16:25:35 +0200
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            class=3Dcitation-abbreviation>Neoplasia. </SPAN><SPAN=20
            class=3Dcitation-publication-date>2006 December; =
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            class=3Dcitation-volume>8</SPAN><SPAN=20
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href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/about/copyright.html">Copyright</=
A>=20
      =C2=A9 2006 Neoplasia Press, Inc. All rights reserved</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dfm-title>Notch Signaling Enhances Nestin Expression =
in=20
      Gliomas<SUP><A class=3D"cite-reflink fn"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#FN1"=20
      rid=3D"FN1">1</A></SUP><SUP><A class=3D"cite-reflink fn"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#FN2"=20
      rid=3D"FN2">*</A></SUP></DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"contrib-group fm-author">Alan H Shih<SUP>*</SUP> and =
Eric C=20
      Holland<SUP>*</SUP><SUP>=E2=80=A0</SUP></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dfm-affl><SUP>*</SUP>Department of Cancer Biology and =
Genetics,=20
      Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, =
USA</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dfm-affl><SUP>=E2=80=A0</SUP>Department of Surgery =
(Neurosurgery),=20
      Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY =
10021,=20
      USA</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dfm-footnote id=3D__correspid452462>Address all =
correspondence to:=20
      Eric C. Holland, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021. E-mail: =
<SPAN=20
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      </DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dfm-pubdate>Received July 28, 2006; Revised September =
28, 2006;=20
      Accepted October 2, 2006.</DIV>
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      by</A> other articles in PMC.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__abstractid495128>
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A>
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style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid49516=
7">Introduction</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54314=
9">Materials=20
          and Methods</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54342=
0">Results</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54690=
5">Discussion</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54702=
1">Supplementary=20
          Material</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__ref-listid=
547070">References</A></LI></UL></LI></UL></DIV>
      <DIV>Abstract</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsection-content =
id=3D__abstractid495128content><!--article-meta-->
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first-last" id=3D__pid495132>Recent findings =
suggest that=20
      Notch signaling is active in brain tumors and stem cells and that =
stem=20
      cells or cells with progenitor characteristics contribute to brain =
tumor=20
      formation. These stem cells are marked by expression of several =
markers=20
      including nestin, an intermediate filament protein. We have =
studied how=20
      the Notch signaling pathway affects nestin expression in brain =
tumors. We=20
      find that Notch receptors and ligands are expressed <EM>in =
vitro</EM> and=20
      in human samples of glioblastomas, the highest grade of malignant =
gliomas.=20
      In culture, Notch activity activates the nestin promoter. =
Activation of=20
      the Notch pathway also occurs in a glioblastoma multiforme mouse =
model=20
      induced by Kras, with translational regulation playing a role in =
Notch=20
      expression. Combined activation of Notch and Kras in wild-type=20
      nestin-expressing cells leads to their expansion within the =
subventricular=20
      zone and retention of proliferation and nestin expression. =
However,=20
      activation of Notch alone is unable to induce this cellular =
expansion.=20
      These data suggest that Notch may have a contributing role in the=20
      stem-like character of glioma cells.</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dp><SPAN class=3Dkwd-label>Keywords: </SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dkwd-text>Glioma, nestin, mouse model, Notch, stem=20
      cell</SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid495167>
      <DIV class=3D"head1 section-title" id=3D__secid495167titletitle=20
      style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none">
      <DIV class=3Dother-sections>
      <UL class=3D"noext-menu noext-menu-hidden">
        <LI><A class=3Dfirst-link=20
        =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#">&nbsp;Othe=
r=20
        Sections=E2=96=BC</A>
        <UL class=3D"submenu head1">
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__abstractid=
495128">Abstract</A>
          <LI class=3D"submenu-item current-item"><A class=3D""=20
          style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none" onclick=3Dreturn(false)=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#">Introducti=
on</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54314=
9">Materials=20
          and Methods</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54342=
0">Results</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54690=
5">Discussion</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54702=
1">Supplementary=20
          Material</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__ref-listid=
547070">References</A></LI></UL></LI></UL></DIV>
      <DIV>Introduction</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsection-content id=3D__secid495167content>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first" id=3D__pid495173>Among tumors of the =
central nervous=20
      system (CNS), glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs) are the most =
aggressive=20
      tumors with the poorest clinical prognosis. These tumors consist =
of cells=20
      that are astrocyte-like but have complex genetic makeup and =
expression=20
      patterns. One phenomenon that can contribute to this complexity is =
the=20
      presence of stem-like cells within the tumor and the activation of =

      pathways that control cellular differentiation. Several groups =
have been=20
      able to identify unique populations within GBMs with stem cell =
properties=20
      [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#R1"=20
      rid=3D"R1 R2 R3">1=E2=80=933</A>]. However, which pathways =
contribute to the=20
      formation of stem-like character and to the dysregulation of=20
      differentiation remain to be fully described. One marker that has =
been=20
      used to identify neural stem cells is the intermediate filament =
protein=20
      nestin [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15526158"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R4">4</A>]. Nestin-expressing cells have the ability to =
differentiate=20
      into multiple lineages, including neurons and glial cells within =
the CNS=E2=80=94a=20
      characteristic found in glioma stem cells [<A=20
      class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12203386"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R5">5</A>].</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dp id=3D__pid495216>In trying to understand signaling =
events that=20
      regulate GBMs, work in our laboratory has previously identified =
the Ras=20
      and Akt pathways as being elevated in human GBMs, with a unique=20
      synergistic effect on the translation of a subset of mRNA [<A=20
      class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580340"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R6">6</A>]. One such target of increased translation is =
Notch1 mRNA.=20
      Notch (Notch1=E2=80=934 in mammals) is a family of transmembrane =
receptors that=20
      regulate cell-cell signaling (reviewed in Artavanis-Tsakonas et =
al. [<A=20
      class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221902"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R7">7</A>]). Notch ligands (Delta-like1, Delta-like3, and=20
      Delta-like4, and Jagged1=E2=80=932 in mammals) are also =
transmembrane proteins=20
      and, when bound to Notch, act to expose the receptor to =
proteolytic=20
      activation. Presenilins cleave Notch to generate a Notch1 =
intracellular=20
      domain (NICD), which then translocates to the nucleus to act as a=20
      transcriptional activator [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206645"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R8">8</A>].</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dp id=3D__pid495258>Activated Notch signaling appears =
particularly=20
      capable of affecting both tumorigenesis and stem cell development. =
Notch=20
      signaling was first shown to be inhibitory toward neurogenesis and =

      essential in maintaining a pool of undifferentiated stem cells [<A =

      class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#R9"=20
      rid=3D"R9 R10">9,10</A>]. Deletion of <EM>Notch1</EM> results in =
reduction=20
      in neural stem cells; in <EM>presenilin</EM><SUP>-/-</SUP> mutants =

      defective in Notch signaling, neural stem cells have reduced =
proliferative=20
      capacities [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11937492"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R11">11</A>]. Later studies have expanded the function of =
Notch to=20
      involve important cell fate decisions throughout glial and =
neuronal=20
      development. In the oligodendrocyte lineage, Notch activation has =
been=20
      shown to suppress terminal oligodendrocyte differentiation but =
also to=20
      support the specification of oligodendrocyte precursors from the =
initial=20
      stem cell pool [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#R12"=20
      rid=3D"R12 R13">12,13</A>]. Notch signaling can promote the =
specification of=20
      Muller glia in the rat retina [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr =
popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#R14"=20
      rid=3D"R14 R15">14,15</A>], radial glia in the telencephalon from =
cortical=20
      stem cells [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10839358"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R16">16</A>], and astrocytes in the adult brain from =
hippocampal=20
      multipotent progenitors [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11182080"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R17">17</A>].</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dp id=3D__pid495344>Notch signaling has been =
implicated in various=20
      steps throughout tumorigenesis. Studies have identified the Ras =
pathway,=20
      in particular, as being able to collaborate with the Notch pathway =
to=20
      maintain and establish neoplastic phenotype [<A=20
      class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#R18"=20
      rid=3D"R18 R19">18,19</A>]. In CNS tumors, Notch signaling =
components were=20
      found to be deregulated in meningiomas [<A=20
      class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15958550"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R20">20</A>], and its activity is observed to be critical =
in=20
      medulloblastomas [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#R21"=20
      rid=3D"R21 R22">21,22</A>]. In gliomas, Notch1 and its ligands =
Delta-like1,=20
      Delta-like3, and Jagged1 have also been shown to be involved in =
glioma=20
      cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation [<A=20
      class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#R23"=20
      rid=3D"R23 R24">23,24</A>].</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-last" id=3D__pid543136>In this study, we =
investigated the=20
      role of Notch activation in glioblastoma biology. We confirmed =
that Notch=20
      receptors and ligands are expressed in human GBMs. This was also =
true in a=20
      Kras-induced mouse GBM model. In these tumors, Notch may =
participate in=20
      the transcription of specific gene targets, particularly that of =
nestin, a=20
      neural progenitor marker. The activation of nestin promoter by =
Notch was=20
      also seen in cultures where Notch can directly act on the=20
      nestin-regulatory region to activate its transcription. <EM>In =
vivo</EM>,=20
      we found that combined activation of Notch and Kras signaling was=20
      sufficient to generate lesions along the subventricular zone =
(SVZ). These=20
      lesions expressed nestin and a marker of proliferation, suggesting =
that=20
      they may be early precursor lesions to =
tumorigenesis.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid543149>
      <DIV class=3D"head1 section-title" id=3D__secid543149titletitle=20
      style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none">
      <DIV class=3Dother-sections>
      <UL class=3D"noext-menu noext-menu-hidden">
        <LI><A class=3Dfirst-link=20
        =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#">&nbsp;Othe=
r=20
        Sections=E2=96=BC</A>
        <UL class=3D"submenu head1">
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__abstractid=
495128">Abstract</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid49516=
7">Introduction</A>
          <LI class=3D"submenu-item current-item"><A class=3D""=20
          style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none" onclick=3Dreturn(false)=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#">Materials =

          and Methods</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54342=
0">Results</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54690=
5">Discussion</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54702=
1">Supplementary=20
          Material</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__ref-listid=
547070">References</A></LI></UL></LI></UL></DIV>
      <DIV>Materials and Methods</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsection-content id=3D__secid543149content>
      <DIV class=3D"sec sec-first" id=3D__secid543156>
      <DIV class=3D"head2 head-separate">Tumor Samples</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first-last" id=3D__pid543160>All human tissues =
were=20
      collected by the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute tissue bank,=20
      snap-frozen, and stored at -80=C2=B0C. Samples in liquid nitrogen =
were ground=20
      in mortar and pestle. Protein was extracted from the powder =
through lysis=20
      with T-per tissue extraction solution (Pierce Biochemical, =
Rockford, IL)=20
      supplemented with miniTab protease inhibitors (Boehringer =
Mannheim,=20
      Ingelheim, Germany), 30 mM sodium fluoride, and 1 mM sodium=20
      vanadate.</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid543166>
      <DIV class=3D"head2 head-separate">Microarray</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first-last" id=3D__pid543170>Mouse tumors and=20
      arf<SUP>-/-</SUP> cortex were dissected from brains and frozen in =
liquid=20
      nitrogen. Tissue in liquid nitrogen was ground to powder form by =
mortar=20
      and pestle. Probe preparation and hybridization to chips were =
performed as=20
      described before [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580340"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R6">6</A>]. Briefly, RNA was prepared using Trizol =
(Invitrogen,=20
      Carlsbad, CA) and Qiagen RNA Easy kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). cRNA =
was=20
      generated by <EM>in vitro</EM> transcription using standard =
procedures.=20
      Probes were hybridized to Affymetrics MOE430 chip (Affymetrics, =
Santa=20
      Clara, CA). Chips were scanned by a Hewlett Packard GeneArray =
Scanner=20
      (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA), and data were collected by =
MicroArray=20
      Suite Software (Affymetrics). 5=E2=80=B2 Upstream promoter =
sequences were derived=20
      from ensembl.org.</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid543196>
      <DIV class=3D"head2 head-separate">Western Blot Analysis</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first-last" id=3D__pid543200>Proteins were =
separated on=20
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and =
transferred=20
      to nitrocellulose membranes. The blocking reagent was 5% nonfat =
dry milk=20
      in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-0.1% Tween 20. Primary and =
secondary=20
      antibodies were prepared in the same blocking reagent. Horseradish =

      peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies were used at =
1:1000=20
      dilution and visualized using ECL chemiluminescence (Amersham, =
Piscataway,=20
      NJ), hNotch1 1:50 [bTAN20; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank =
(DSHB)=20
      (Iowa City, IA)], hNotch2 1:50 (C651.6DbHN; DSHB), mNotch1 1:500=20
      (Neomarkers, Fremont, CA), Delta-like1 1:500 (Santa Cruz =
Biotechnology,=20
      Santa Cruz, CA), Jagged1 1:500 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), actin =
1:1000=20
      (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-mouse HRP (Boehringer Mannheim), =
and=20
      anti-rabbit HRP (Amersham).</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid543210>
      <DIV class=3D"head2 head-separate">DNA Plasmids</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first-last" id=3D__pid543214>The construction of =
the=20
      retroviral vectors RCAS-Kras and RCAS-Akt has been previously =
described=20
      [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#R25"=20
      rid=3D"R25 R26">25,26</A>]. The RCAS(B) mouse Notch1 ICD plasmid =
was=20
      provided by Dr. David Anderson and subcloned into RCAS(A). The =
RCAS(B)=20
      control virus consists of noncoding (empty) or nonproductive virus =

      plasmids. Rat Delta1 and rat Jagged1 cDNA were provided by Dr. =
Gerry=20
      Weinmaster. The nestin-tk reporter plasmid was provided by Dr. =
Urban=20
      Lendahl [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#R27"=20
      rid=3D"R27 R28">27,28</A>].</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid543242>
      <DIV class=3D"head2 head-separate">Infection of tv-a Transgenic =
Mice and=20
      Tissue Processing</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first-last" id=3D__pid543246>Generation of the =
transgenic=20
      mouse line that expresses the RCAS receptor from the nestin =
promoter=20
      nestin tv-a (Ntv-a) and Ntv-a arf<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice has been =
previously=20
      described [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#R25"=20
      rid=3D"R25 R29">25,29</A>]. Neonatal mice were injected in the =
cerebral=20
      hemisphere with DF-1 chicken fibroblasts, producing appropriate =
RCAS=20
      viruses on postnatal day 1. Mice were monitored and then =
sacrificed when=20
      symptomatic or at the end of the study. Brains were fixed in =
formalin,=20
      processed, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned as previously =
described [<A=20
      class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11485986"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R30">30</A>]. Chi-square analysis was used to determine =
statistical=20
      significance.</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid543278>
      <DIV class=3D"head2 head-separate"><EM>In Situ</EM> =
Hybridization</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first" id=3D__pid543285>Probe fragments were =
cloned into=20
      pDrive Cloning Vector (Qiagen) using polymerase chain reaction =
(PCR) or=20
      restriction digest. Probe lengths correspond to the following =
stretches of=20
      cDNA, as demarcated by the following 5=E2=80=B2 and 3=E2=80=B2 =
sequences:</DIV>
      <TABLE class=3Darray-table>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD>Notch probe: 5=E2=80=B2seq CAGCATGGCCAGCTCTGGTT, =
3=E2=80=B2seq=20
            AGCAGCATCCACATTGTTCA</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD>Hes1 probe: 5=E2=80=B2seq ATGCCAGCTGATATAATGGA, =
3=E2=80=B2seq=20
            TCAGTTCCGCCACGGCCTCC</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD>rDelta1 probe: 5=E2=80=B2seq ATCACACCTGGAGCCGAGAG, =
3=E2=80=B2seq=20
            GGCCGCTACTGTGAAGGTCC</TD></TR>
        <TR>
          <TD>rJagged1 probe: 5=E2=80=B2seq GGCCGGGGCGCCCCTTGAGC, =
3=E2=80=B2seq=20
            GGCTGGGGTTTATCATGCCT.</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-last" id=3D__pid543331>Radioactive sense and =
antisense=20
      probes incorporating [<SUP>32</SUP>P]UTP were prepared using T7 or =
SP6=20
      polymerase. Tissue sections were deparaffinized and treated with=20
      proteinase K. Slides were prehybridized with salmon sperm DNA and=20
      hybridized overnight with probe in hybridization buffer (50% =
formamide,=20
      0.3 M NaCl, 20 mM Tris pH 8.0, 5 mM EDTA, 10 mM Na-phosphate, 10% =
dextran=20
      sulfate, 1x Denhardt's solution, and 500 =C2=B5g/ml yeast tRNA) at =
65=C2=B0C. Slides=20
      were washed, dipped in emulsion, exposed for 2 to 4 weeks, and =
developed.=20
      Three to five tumors of each type were analyzed with each probe=20
      set.</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid543342>
      <DIV class=3D"head2 head-separate">Image Analysis</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first-last" id=3D__pid543346>For signal density =
analysis,=20
      paired dark-field images of normal cortex and tumor regions were =
taken=20
      from the same slide using Zeiss Axioplan microscopes (Zeiss, =
Oberkochen,=20
      Germany). All images were taken at fixed exposure and resolution. =
Ten such=20
      paired images were generated for each tumor type. Images were then =

      processed on Metamorph software (Metamorph, Sunnyvale, CA) to =
determine=20
      the area of positive signal pixels. Areas of paired images were =
compared=20
      (tumor to normal tissue), and statistical significance was =
determined=20
      using <EM>t</EM>-test.</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid543357>
      <DIV class=3D"head2 head-separate">Immunohistochemistry =
(IHC)</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first-last" id=3D__pid543361>Sections were =
processed for IHC=20
      as described previously, with antigen retrieval in citrate buffer =
with=20
      steam [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15967117"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R31">31</A>]. Antibody detection was visualized with =
peroxidase and=20
      DAB processing (Vector, Burlingame, CA). The antibodies used are =
as=20
      follows: 9E10 1:200 (human c-myc; Covance, Princeton, NJ), nestin =
1:1000=20
      (PharMingen, San Diego, CA), and proliferating cell nuclear =
antigen (PCNA)=20
      1:1000 (Chemicon, Temecula, CA).</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid543378>
      <DIV class=3D"head2 head-separate">Luciferase Assay</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first-last" id=3D__pid543382>Cells were =
transfected with=20
      plasmid containing pHES1-luciferase, pCMV-RL (Promega, Madison, =
WI), and=20
      RCAS expression vector (control, Notch, or Delta) using Fugene =
(Roche,=20
      Nutley, NJ) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Lysates =
were=20
      prepared, and luminescence was determined according to the Promega =

      Dual-Luciferase Reporter System protocol (Promega). Readings were=20
      performed with a Turner Biosystems platereader. Firefly =
luminescence was=20
      normalized to renilla luminescence. Hes1 reporter was subjected to =
PCR=20
      with genomic DNA using the primers 5=E2=80=B2seq =
ACGGGGTACCCTCAGGCGCGCGCCATTGGCC=20
      and 3=E2=80=B2seq CCGAAGATCTGCTTACGTCCTTTTACTTGAC. The fragment =
contains suspected=20
      CBF-1-binding sites. The fragment was cloned into the PGL3-Basic =
Vector=20
      (Promega) using <EM>Kpn</EM>I and <EM>Bgl</EM>II.</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"sec sec-last" id=3D__secid543399>
      <DIV class=3D"head2 head-separate">=CE=B2-Galactosidase =
Assay</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first-last" id=3D__pid543403>Cells were =
transfected with=20
      =CE=B2-galactosidase reporter constructs using Fugene according to =

      manufacturer's instructions. Two days after transfection, cells =
were fixed=20
      in neutral-buffered formalin and washed in PBS. Cells were then =
incubated=20
      at 37=C2=B0C with a solution containing 1 mg/ml X-gal, 20 mM=20
      K<SUB>3</SUB>Fe(CN)<SUB>6</SUB>, and 2 mM MgCl<SUB>2</SUB> for 6 =
hours=20
      until a blue precipitate was visible.</DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid543420>
      <DIV class=3D"head1 section-title" id=3D__secid543420titletitle=20
      style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none">
      <DIV class=3Dother-sections>
      <UL class=3D"noext-menu noext-menu-hidden">
        <LI><A class=3Dfirst-link=20
        =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#">&nbsp;Othe=
r=20
        Sections=E2=96=BC</A>
        <UL class=3D"submenu head1">
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__abstractid=
495128">Abstract</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid49516=
7">Introduction</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54314=
9">Materials=20
          and Methods</A>
          <LI class=3D"submenu-item current-item"><A class=3D""=20
          style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none" onclick=3Dreturn(false)=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#">Results</A=
>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54690=
5">Discussion</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54702=
1">Supplementary=20
          Material</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__ref-listid=
547070">References</A></LI></UL></LI></UL></DIV>
      <DIV>Results</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsection-content id=3D__secid543420content>
      <DIV class=3D"sec sec-first" id=3D__secid543427>
      <DIV class=3D"head2 head-separate">Presence of Notch Receptors and =
Ligands=20
      in Primary Human Glioblastomas</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first" id=3D__pid543431>To determine whether =
Notch signaling=20
      could contribute to gliomas and GBMs in particular, we compared =
astrocytic=20
      mixed astrocytic gliomas (World Health Organization grades II and =
III),=20
      GBM expression profiles, and protein levels. Previous work in our=20
      laboratory has described a microarray experiment that identified =
genes=20
      overexpressed in human gliomas [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr =
popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12154041"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R32">32</A>]. This experiment compared 9 GBMs and 10 =
non-GBM gliomas=20
      to pooled normal brain. Using this database, we found that five of =
nine=20
      GBMs had a =E2=89=A5 2-fold expression in Jagged1 mRNA compared to =
normal brain,=20
      whereas none of the non-GBM gliomas had any appreciable difference =
in=20
      Jagged1 expression (<A class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup"=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F1/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
1<EM>A</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 1"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 1"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig001.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig001.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      Unfortunately, the probes for Notch1 and Delta-like1 were not =
represented=20
      on the array used at the time. This suggested that Notch ligand =
expression=20
      may contribute to glioblastoma formation.</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dcanvas-figure-ref-outer>
      <DIV class=3Dcanvas-figure-ref-inner><A id=3DF1 name=3DF1></A>
      <TABLE class=3Dthumb-caption style=3D"CLEAR: both; WIDTH: 100%" =
cellSpacing=3D0=20
      cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>
          <TD class=3Dthumb-cell><A class=3D"icon-reflink figpopup"=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F1/">
            <DIV class=3Dthumb-ph><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN =

            class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG class=3D"icon-reflink =
large-thumb"=20
            title=3D"Figure 1"=20
            style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
            alt=3D"Figure 1"=20
            =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig001.gif"=20
            =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig001.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN>
            <DIV class=3Dsmall-thumb-canvas>
            <DIV class=3Dsmall-thumb-canvas-1><IMG=20
            class=3D"icon-reflink small-thumb" title=3D"Figure 1" =
alt=3D"Figure 1"=20
            =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig001.gif"></DIV></DIV></DIV></A></TD>
          <TD class=3Dcaption-cell>
            <DIV class=3Dcaption-ph><A class=3Dside-caption=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F1/"><=
STRONG>Figure=20
            1</STRONG></A>
            <DIV class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article><SPAN>Notch =
receptor and=20
            ligand expression in human gliomas. (A) Analysis of Jagged1 =
mRNA=20
            expression in glioblastomas (GBMs) and non-GBM gliomas =
(NGGs)=20
            compared to normal brain. Data were derived from the =
microarray of=20
            Tanwar et al. [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
            href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12154041"=20
            =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
            rid=3D"R32">32</A>]. (B) Western blot analysis</SPAN><A=20
            class=3Dside-caption style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 100%"=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F1/"> =

            (more ...)</A></DIV>
            <DIV=20
      =
class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article></DIV></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></T=
ABLE>
      <DIV class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article></DIV></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV style=3D"CLEAR: both"></DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-last" id=3D__pid543465>To determine the protein =
levels of=20
      Notch receptors and ligands in human tumors, a selection of =
primary human=20
      tumors (GBMs and non-GBM gliomas) was subjected to Western blot =
analysis=20
      (<A class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" =
style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F1/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
1<EM>B</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 1"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 1"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig001.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig001.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      We found Notch1 to be expressed in all tumor types examined, =
whereas=20
      Notch2 was expressed in a subset of tumors. Notch ligands =
Delta-like1 and=20
      Jagged1 were more selectively expressed in GBMs. The coexpression =
of Notch=20
      and its ligands demonstrates that autocrine or juxtacrine modes of =

      activation are possible, particularly in GBMs and but perhaps also =
in a=20
      smaller subset of glial tumors.</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid543485>
      <DIV class=3D"head2 head-separate">Expression of Notch Receptors =
and Ligands=20
      in Mouse Models of Tumors</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first" id=3D__pid543490>Given the finding in =
human tumors,=20
      we investigated whether this pattern of expression was also found =
in mouse=20
      models of glial tumors, particularly comparing mouse models of =
GBMs and=20
      oligodendrogliomas, a clinically less aggressive form of glioma. =
In=20
      addition, because we know that translation may play an important =
role in=20
      GBMs, we assessed differences in expression in both mRNA and =
protein=20
      levels. Previously, we have developed various mouse models of CNS =
tumors=20
      generated through the RCAS/tv-a system. In this system, tv-a =
receptor is=20
      expressed from a selective promoter by a transgene, whereas an =
RCAS virus=20
      delivers oncogenes only into these targeted cells [<A=20
      class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10498877"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R33">33</A>]. Two tv-a transgenic lines have been used in =
glioma=20
      modeling studies. One expresses tv-a from the nestin promoter =
(Ntv-a),=20
      whereas the other expresses tv-a from GFAP promoter (Gtv-a). The =
cell=20
      specificity of gene transfer mediated by RCAS infection in these =
mice is=20
      determined by promoter-driven tv-a expression. After infection, =
oncogenes=20
      are driven from the RCAS viral promoter and are unaffected by the =
activity=20
      of the promoter driving the tv-a transgene. The models include=20
      platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB)-induced =
oligodendrogliomas in=20
      wild-type mice and Kras-induced spindle gliomas and GBMs in=20
      <EM>arf</EM>-null mice [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#R29"=20
      rid=3D"R29 R30">29,30</A>]. Of these tumors, the Ras and Akt =
pathways are=20
      upregulated only in Kras-induced tumors and not in PDGFB=20
      oligodendrogliomas [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15967117"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R31">31</A>]. Thus, the Kras-induced model more closely =
resembles=20
      human GBMs and has the potential to exhibit similar translation =
effects.=20
      To investigate the expression of Notch pathway components, <EM>in=20
      situ</EM> and Western blot analyses were performed on these =
different=20
      glioma subtypes.</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dp id=3D__pid543546>It has been previously reported =
that Notch1 is=20
      expressed in selected cells within the cerebellum in adult rat =
brain,=20
      specially in the Purkinje cell layer [<A class=3D"cite-reflink =
bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1295745"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R34">34</A>]. We have confirmed that we could obtain a =
similar=20
      pattern using our antisense probe and had little background with =
the=20
      corresponding sense probe control (<A class=3D"fig-table-link fig =
figpopup"=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F2/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure 2</SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 2"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 2"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig002.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig002.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>,=20
      <EM>A</EM> and <EM>B</EM>). We analyzed tumors driven from Ntv-a =
mice=20
      where the cell of origin was nestin-expressing. On <EM>in =
situ</EM>=20
      hybridization analysis, Notch1 mRNA is overexpressed in both Ntv-a =
PDGF=20
      and Ntv-a Kras arf<SUP>-/-</SUP> tumors compared to normal brain =
(<A=20
      class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: =
none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F2/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
2<EM>C</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 2"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 2"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig002.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig002.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      Because translation may regulate Notch1 expression, defining =
relative mRNA=20
      and protein levels may be important in understanding Notch =
expression=20
      levels. To assess potential translation effect, we =
semiquantitatively=20
      determined relative mRNA expression levels by comparing <EM>in =
situ</EM>=20
      signal density in tumor regions to control normal brain regions =
within the=20
      same section (<A class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup"=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F3/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
3<EM>A</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 3"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 3"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig003.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig003.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      Images were processed by Metamorph software to determine the total =

      positive signal image area in each image. Tumor regions were then =
compared=20
      to normal brain regions from the same slide. Kras-induced tumors =
had a=20
      5.9-fold higher level of Notch1 signal compared to controls, =
whereas=20
      PDGFB-induced oligodendrogliomas had an 8.9-fold higher level (<A=20
      class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: =
none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F3/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
3<EM>B</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 3"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 3"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig003.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig003.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      Expression of Notch1 protein was also found to be higher in both =
tumor=20
      types compared to normal brain (<A class=3D"fig-table-link fig =
figpopup"=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F3/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
3<EM>C</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 3"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 3"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig003.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig003.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      However, Notch1 protein levels were much higher in Kras GBMs =
compared to=20
      oligodendrogliomas even though <EM>in situ</EM> analysis revealed =
that=20
      mRNA levels were relatively lower in Kras GBMs than in PDGF=20
      oligodendrogliomas compared to normal brain (5.9-fold <EM>vs</EM>=20
      8.9-fold). This supports our previous finding that Ras and Akt =
signaling=20
      pathways may selectively recruit Notch1 mRNA into polyribosomes to =
be=20
      translated into protein [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580340"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R6">6</A>]. Substantially more active Akt and Ras signaling =
pathways=20
      are found in Kras-induced GBMs compared to PDGFB-induced=20
      oligodendrogliomas and may explain why Notch1 protein levels are =
higher in=20
      our mouse models of these tumors.</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dcanvas-figure-ref-outer>
      <DIV class=3Dcanvas-figure-ref-inner><A id=3DF2 name=3DF2></A>
      <TABLE class=3Dthumb-caption style=3D"CLEAR: both; WIDTH: 100%" =
cellSpacing=3D0=20
      cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>
          <TD class=3Dthumb-cell><A class=3D"icon-reflink figpopup"=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F2/">
            <DIV class=3Dthumb-ph><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN =

            class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG class=3D"icon-reflink =
large-thumb"=20
            title=3D"Figure 2"=20
            style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
            alt=3D"Figure 2"=20
            =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig002.gif"=20
            =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig002.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN>
            <DIV class=3Dsmall-thumb-canvas>
            <DIV class=3Dsmall-thumb-canvas-1><IMG=20
            class=3D"icon-reflink small-thumb" title=3D"Figure 2" =
alt=3D"Figure 2"=20
            =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig002.gif"></DIV></DIV></DIV></A></TD>
          <TD class=3Dcaption-cell>
            <DIV class=3Dcaption-ph><A class=3Dside-caption=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F2/"><=
STRONG>Figure=20
            2</STRONG></A>
            <DIV class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article><SPAN>Notch =
receptor and=20
            ligand expression in mouse glioma models. (A) Dark-field =
image of=20
            antisense Notch1 <EM>in situ</EM> hybridization, and =
hematoxylin and=20
            eosin (H&amp;E) image of the same section in the cerebellum. =

            Positive signal corresponds to a previously</SPAN><A=20
            class=3Dside-caption style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 100%"=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F2/"> =

            (more ...)</A></DIV>
            <DIV=20
      =
class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article></DIV></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></T=
ABLE>
      <DIV class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article></DIV></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV style=3D"CLEAR: both"></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dcanvas-figure-ref-outer>
      <DIV class=3Dcanvas-figure-ref-inner><A id=3DF3 name=3DF3></A>
      <TABLE class=3Dthumb-caption style=3D"CLEAR: both; WIDTH: 100%" =
cellSpacing=3D0=20
      cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>
          <TD class=3Dthumb-cell><A class=3D"icon-reflink figpopup"=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F3/">
            <DIV class=3Dthumb-ph><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN =

            class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG class=3D"icon-reflink =
large-thumb"=20
            title=3D"Figure 3"=20
            style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
            alt=3D"Figure 3"=20
            =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig003.gif"=20
            =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig003.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN>
            <DIV class=3Dsmall-thumb-canvas>
            <DIV class=3Dsmall-thumb-canvas-1><IMG=20
            class=3D"icon-reflink small-thumb" title=3D"Figure 3" =
alt=3D"Figure 3"=20
            =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig003.gif"></DIV></DIV></DIV></A></TD>
          <TD class=3Dcaption-cell>
            <DIV class=3Dcaption-ph><A class=3Dside-caption=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F3/"><=
STRONG>Figure=20
            3</STRONG></A>
            <DIV =
class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article><SPAN>Semiquantitative=20
            analysis of Notch1 mRNA and protein in PDGFB and Kras =
tumors. (A)=20
            Sample dark-field images of Notch1 <EM>in situ</EM> in =
normal and=20
            tumor regions of PDGFB and Kras tumors. (B) Image analysis =
of=20
            positive signal regions in tumors. Positive pixel</SPAN><A=20
            class=3Dside-caption style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 100%"=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F3/"> =

            (more ...)</A></DIV>
            <DIV=20
      =
class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article></DIV></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></T=
ABLE>
      <DIV class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article></DIV></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV style=3D"CLEAR: both"></DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-last" id=3D__pid543674>Delta-like1 and Jagged1, =
ligands of=20
      Notch receptors, were found to be overexpressed by both <EM>in =
situ</EM>=20
      and Western blot analyses in Kras-induced tumors (<A=20
      class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: =
none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F2/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figures =
2<EM>C</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 2"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 2"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig002.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig002.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>=20
      and <A class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" =
style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F3/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"POSITION: relative; TEXT-DECORATION: none">=E2=80=8B<SPAN =

      class=3Dfigpopup-sensitive-area=20
      style=3D"LEFT: -1.5em">and3<EM>C</EM>).</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">3<EM>C</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 3"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 3"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig003.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig003.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      In PDGFB-induced oligodendrogliomas, these ligands are either not =
elevated=20
      or only mildly elevated (<A class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup"=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F2/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figures =
2<EM>C</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 2"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 2"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig002.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig002.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>=20
      and <A class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" =
style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F3/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"POSITION: relative; TEXT-DECORATION: none">=E2=80=8B<SPAN =

      class=3Dfigpopup-sensitive-area=20
      style=3D"LEFT: -1.5em">and3<EM>C</EM>).</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">3<EM>C</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 3"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 3"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig003.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig003.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      One common transcriptional target of Notch signaling is HES1. We =
tested=20
      for HES1 expression in our mouse tumor models and found it to be=20
      overexpressed <EM>in situ</EM> in Kras arf<SUP>-/-</SUP>GBMs =
compared to=20
      normal tissues (<A class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup"=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F2/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
2<EM>C</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 2"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 2"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig002.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig002.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      In PDGFB oligodendrogliomas, HES1 expression was found to be =
comparable to=20
      normal tissue or, perhaps, to be slightly elevated on a =
cell-to-cell=20
      basis. These results suggest that, in Kras-induced GBMs, the Notch =
pathway=20
      is active because the receptor, ligand, and target are all =
expressed. In=20
      PDGFB-induced oligodendrogliomas, the receptor appears to be=20
      overexpressed; however, of the ligands and targets we examined, =
only=20
      moderate levels were detected. There may be some degree of Notch =
signaling=20
      through HES1 in oligodendrogliomas, but the level of activation is =
much=20
      less compared to that in Kras-induced tumors.</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid543760>
      <DIV class=3D"head2 head-separate">Notch Activation of Target =
Genes in=20
      Kras-Induced Tumors</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first" id=3D__pid543765>Notch acts as a =
transcriptional=20
      activator by complexing with the DNA-binding protein CBF-1, =
displacing=20
      repressive factors and recruiting coactivators. Because one effect =
of=20
      Notch signaling is activation of transcription, an expression =
array=20
      analysis may reveal its function in Kras-induced tumors. We =
compared the=20
      expression profile of two Kras-induced tumors to the normal cortex =
from=20
      Ntv-a arf<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice (<A class=3D"fig-table-link table"=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'true', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/table/T1/"><S=
PAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Table 1</SPAN></A> and <A=20
      class=3D"side-supplink supplementary-material"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#SD1"=20
      rid=3D"SD1">Table W1</A>). The list of genes upregulated contained =
a wide=20
      range of proteins involved in various processes. Included in this =
list=20
      were some expected targets in Kras gliomagenesis. For example, =
glial=20
      progenitor markers, including vimentin, PDGFR=CE=B1, and nestin, =
were=20
      increased. Ras signaling components and matrix-degrading enzymes =
were also=20
      increased. Of 828 genes upregulated by &gt; 3-fold (<EM>P</EM> =
&lt; .05),=20
      we searched for CBF-1 consensus sites (YGTGGGAA) in the 5-kb =
5=E2=80=B2 upstream=20
      promoter sequence in front of the transcriptional start site using =
the=20
      annotation provided on <SPAN class=3Dext-reflink><A =
class=3Dext-reflink=20
      onclick=3D"focuswin('pmc_ext')" href=3D"http://www.ensembl.org/"=20
      target=3Dpmc_ext=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dextlink&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&a=
mp;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DExternal%7CLink%7C=
URI&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">http://www.ensembl.org/</A></SPAN>.=20
      Using this search, 136 genes were found to have this motif and to =
be=20
      potential Notch target genes by binding to CBF-1 (<A=20
      class=3D"fig-table-link table" style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'true', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/table/T1/"><S=
PAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Table 1</SPAN></A> and <A=20
      class=3D"side-supplink supplementary-material"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#SD1"=20
      rid=3D"SD1">Table W1</A>). Among this list of genes are ones that =
have been=20
      implicated by other studies as potential targets of Notch =
signaling,=20
      including cyclin D1 [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11486031"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R35">35</A>], S100a10 [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr =
popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15979417"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R36">36</A>], and a Snail family member [<A=20
      class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14701881"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R37">37</A>]. Not identified by this method but upregulated =
on the=20
      array and a potential Notch target is the cyclin-dependent kinase=20
      inhibitor p21 [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15964998"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R38">38</A>].</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dcanvas-table-ref-outer>
      <DIV class=3Dcanvas-table-ref-inner><A id=3DT1 name=3DT1></A>
      <TABLE class=3Dthumb-caption style=3D"CLEAR: both; WIDTH: 100%" =
cellSpacing=3D0=20
      cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>
          <TD class=3Dthumb-cell><A=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'table', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/table/T1/">
            <DIV class=3Dthumb-ph><IMG class=3Dicon-reflink =
title=3D"Table 1"=20
            style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
            alt=3D"Table 1"=20
            =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/table-icon.gif"><=
/DIV></A></TD>
          <TD class=3Dcaption-cell>
            <DIV class=3Dcaption-ph><A class=3Dside-caption=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/table/T1/"><S=
TRONG>Table=20
            1</STRONG></A>
            <DIV class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article><SPAN>Selected =
List of=20
            Genes Upregulated By &gt; 3-Fold in Kras arf<SUP>-/-</SUP> =
Tumors=20
            Compared to arf<SUP>-/-</SUP> Cortex.</SPAN></DIV>
            <DIV=20
      =
class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article></DIV></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></T=
ABLE></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV style=3D"CLEAR: both"></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dp id=3D__pid543881>One interesting target found by =
this search is=20
      nestin, an intermediate filament protein that acts as a marker for =
neural=20
      progenitor cells. Although the 5=E2=80=B2 upstream promoter plays =
a role in=20
      modulating its expression, it is the nestin second intron that =
directs=20
      expression in neural precursors [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr =
popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#R27"=20
      rid=3D"R27 R39">27,39</A>]. Conserved near the 3=E2=80=B2 end of =
the second intron=20
      of both human and mouse nestins is a CBF-1-binding site (<A=20
      class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: =
none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F4/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
4<EM>A</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 4"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 4"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig004.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig004.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      We tested whether Notch activation could activate transcription =
through=20
      this element. The human nestin second intron enhancer element =
linked to a=20
      tk minimal promoter is sufficient to replicate the neural =
expression=20
      pattern for nestin [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9104587"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R28">28</A>]. This enhancer-promoter combination was used =
to drive=20
      the expression of two reporter genes <EM>=CE=B2-galactosidase</EM> =
and=20
      <EM>luciferase</EM>. Nestin reporters were tested in U251 glioma =
cell=20
      lines in the presence and in the absence of NICD expression. This =
form of=20
      Notch is equivalent to the proteolytically processed receptor, a=20
      constitutively active isoform [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr =
popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206645"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R8">8</A>]. We found that NICD could activate the promoter =
using=20
      either reporter. In the =CE=B2-galactosidase assay, U251 cells =
cotransfected=20
      with NICD turned blue, whereas those cotransfected with empty =
vector did=20
      not (<A class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" =
style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F4/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure 4</SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 4"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 4"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig004.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig004.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>,=20
      <EM>B</EM> and <EM>C</EM>). NICD also activated the luciferase =
reporter=20
      4.8-fold compared to controls (<A class=3D"fig-table-link fig =
figpopup"=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F4/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
4<EM>D</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 4"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 4"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig004.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig004.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      These data suggest that Notch may act directly to activate nestin=20
      expression in progenitor cells or glioma cells.</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dcanvas-figure-ref-outer>
      <DIV class=3Dcanvas-figure-ref-inner><A id=3DF4 name=3DF4></A>
      <TABLE class=3Dthumb-caption style=3D"CLEAR: both; WIDTH: 100%" =
cellSpacing=3D0=20
      cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>
          <TD class=3Dthumb-cell><A class=3D"icon-reflink figpopup"=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F4/">
            <DIV class=3Dthumb-ph><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN =

            class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG class=3D"icon-reflink =
large-thumb"=20
            title=3D"Figure 4"=20
            style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
            alt=3D"Figure 4"=20
            =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig004.gif"=20
            =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig004.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN>
            <DIV class=3Dsmall-thumb-canvas>
            <DIV class=3Dsmall-thumb-canvas-1><IMG=20
            class=3D"icon-reflink small-thumb" title=3D"Figure 4" =
alt=3D"Figure 4"=20
            =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig004.gif"></DIV></DIV></DIV></A></TD>
          <TD class=3Dcaption-cell>
            <DIV class=3Dcaption-ph><A class=3Dside-caption=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F4/"><=
STRONG>Figure=20
            4</STRONG></A>
            <DIV class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article><SPAN>Notch1 =
activation=20
            of the nestin second intron element. (A) Alignment of human =
and=20
            mouse Nes second intron segments. Boxed regions indicate =
potential=20
            CBF-1-binding site. Numbering based on GenBank sequences: =
human=20
            <SPAN class=3Dext-reflink><A class=3Dext-reflink=20
            onclick=3D"focuswin('pmc_ext')"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=3DRetrieve&amp;db=3D=
nucleotide&amp;dopt=3DGenBank&amp;list_uids=3D2209203"=20
            target=3Dpmc_ext=20
            =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dextlink-entrez-nucleotide&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;i=
ssue-id=3D141662&amp;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3D=
Entrez%7CTerm%7CNucleotide&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">AF004335</A></SPA=
N>=20
            and mouse <SPAN class=3Dext-reflink><A class=3Dext-reflink=20
            onclick=3D"focuswin('pmc_ext')"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=3DRetrieve&amp;db=3D=
nucleotide&amp;dopt=3DGenBank&amp;list_uids=3D38098855"=20
            target=3Dpmc_ext=20
            =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dextlink-entrez-nucleotide&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;i=
ssue-id=3D141662&amp;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3D=
Entrez%7CTerm%7CNucleotide&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">AY438043</A></SPA=
N>.=20
            (B and C)</SPAN><A class=3Dside-caption style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
100%"=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F4/"> =

            (more ...)</A></DIV>
            <DIV=20
      =
class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article></DIV></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></T=
ABLE>
      <DIV class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article></DIV></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV style=3D"CLEAR: both"></DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-last" id=3D__pid543977>To assess whether =
activation of the=20
      Notch pathway correlated with nestin expression <EM>in vivo</EM>, =
we=20
      stained Ntv-a Kras arf<SUP>-/-</SUP> tumors and Ntv-a PDGFB tumors =
for=20
      nestin expression. In Kras-induced spindle-like tumors where the =
Notch=20
      pathway is active, nestin is expressed throughout the tumor (<A=20
      class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: =
none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F4/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
4<EM>E</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 4"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 4"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig004.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig004.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      However, in PDGFB-induced oligodendrogliomas where HES1, Delta1, =
and=20
      Jagged1 are not elevated to the same degree, nestin is not clearly =

      expressed by tumor cells (<A class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" =

      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F4/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
4<EM>F</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 4"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 4"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig004.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig004.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      This shows that <EM>in vivo</EM> nestin expression correlates with =

      activation of the Notch pathway.</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"sec sec-last" id=3D__secid544021>
      <DIV class=3D"head2 head-separate">Notch1 Activation Can Cooperate =
with Kras=20
      to Form Progenitor-Like Lesions</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first" id=3D__pid544025>To establish the effect =
of Notch1=20
      activation on glial tumors, we subcloned a myc-tagged mouse NICD =
isoform=20
      into the RCAS(A) retroviral system. The construct was tested for=20
      functionality by the ability to activate the Hes1 promoter (<A=20
      class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: =
none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F5/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
5<EM>A</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 5"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 5"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig005.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig005.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      To determine whether the expression of NICD in nestin-positive =
glial=20
      progenitors would be sufficient to induce tumorigenesis, we =
infected 39=20
      Ntv-a mice with either RCAS NICD virus or RCAS NICD virus with an =
empty=20
      RCAS virus on postnatal day 1 and observed them for symptoms. We =
analyzed=20
      21 mice up to 12 weeks and 18 mice up to 24 weeks. None of these =
developed=20
      any signs of tumor, and histologic analysis of the brains yielded=20
      normal-appearing results (<A class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" =

      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F5/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
5<EM>B</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 5"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 5"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig005.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig005.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      To determine whether Notch signaling could cooperate with other =
oncogenes,=20
      we coinfected NICD virus with a virus carrying either activated =
Akt or=20
      Kras=E2=80=94oncogenes previously identified to contribute to =
glial tumorigenesis=20
      [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10802656"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R25">25</A>]. Furthermore, the delivery of these oncogenes =
alone in a=20
      wild-type background is insufficient to generate tumors or lesions =
in this=20
      mouse model [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10802656"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R25">25</A>]. The combination of NICD and Akt failed to =
generate any=20
      distinguishing abnormalities in 25 tested mice analyzed up to 24 =
weeks.=20
      However, the combination of NICD and Kras produced periventricular =
lesions=20
      in 9 of 90 infected mice. Twenty-nine mice were analyzed up to 12 =
weeks,=20
      and 61 mice were analyzed up to 24 weeks. Regardless of the age of =
the=20
      mice in which they were found, lesions remained small and limited =
to the=20
      SVZ without progressing to tumors or larger lesions (<A=20
      class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: =
none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F5/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
5<EM>C</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 5"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 5"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig005.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig005.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      This incidence of lesion formation was statistically significant=20
      (<EM>P</EM> &lt; .05) when compared to mice infected with RCAS =
NICD virus=20
      alone or combined with a control RCAS virus. These lesions were =
then=20
      analyzed for immunohistochemical markers (<A=20
      class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: =
none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F5/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
5<EM>D</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 5"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 5"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig005.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig005.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      They are positive for the myc tag on the NICD, indicating =
effective viral=20
      delivery, and are also positive for nestin and PCNA, indicating =
that cells=20
      were in active cell cycles. This result confirms <EM>in vivo</EM> =
the=20
      potential for nestin to be a direct Notch transcriptional target. =
This=20
      also suggests that Notch activation can cooperate with Kras to =
produce=20
      lesions that retain stem-like character by their location in the =
SVZ,=20
      continued proliferation, and progenitor marker expression. Nestin=20
      expression is maintained either through Notch's direct action on =
its=20
      promoter or through Notch's effect on maintaining an =
undifferentiated=20
      state in nestin-positive progenitors.</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dcanvas-figure-ref-outer>
      <DIV class=3Dcanvas-figure-ref-inner><A id=3DF5 name=3DF5></A>
      <TABLE class=3Dthumb-caption style=3D"CLEAR: both; WIDTH: 100%" =
cellSpacing=3D0=20
      cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0>
        <TBODY>
        <TR vAlign=3Dtop align=3Dleft>
          <TD class=3Dthumb-cell><A class=3D"icon-reflink figpopup"=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F5/">
            <DIV class=3Dthumb-ph><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN =

            class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG class=3D"icon-reflink =
large-thumb"=20
            title=3D"Figure 5"=20
            style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
            alt=3D"Figure 5"=20
            =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig005.gif"=20
            =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig005.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN>
            <DIV class=3Dsmall-thumb-canvas>
            <DIV class=3Dsmall-thumb-canvas-1><IMG=20
            class=3D"icon-reflink small-thumb" title=3D"Figure 5" =
alt=3D"Figure 5"=20
            =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig005.gif"></DIV></DIV></DIV></A></TD>
          <TD class=3Dcaption-cell>
            <DIV class=3Dcaption-ph><A class=3Dside-caption=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F5/"><=
STRONG>Figure=20
            5</STRONG></A>
            <DIV class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article><SPAN>Activated =
Notch and=20
            Kras can induce lesions in Ntv-a-targeted mice. (A) HES1 =
promoter=20
            luciferase assay with empty plasmid control or RCAS NICD=20
            transfection. (B) Table of lesion incidence in NICD/NICD + =
control=20
            virus, NICD + Akt, and NICD + Kras infections</SPAN><A=20
            class=3Dside-caption style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 100%"=20
            onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
            =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F5/"> =

            (more ...)</A></DIV>
            <DIV=20
      =
class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article></DIV></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></T=
ABLE>
      <DIV class=3Dfigure-table-caption-in-article></DIV></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV style=3D"CLEAR: both"></DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-last" id=3D__pid546824>Ntv-a mice support gene =
transfer to=20
      nestin-expressing cells; in this case, Notch activity may simply =
maintain=20
      nestin expression. We next used Gtv-a mice to determine the =
ability of=20
      Notch activation to drive nestin expression in tumors derived from =
a=20
      GFAP-expressing cell of origin, a more differentiated cell type =
that has=20
      already lost nestin expression. We cloned an HA-tagged version of =
rat=20
      Delta1 (a ligand for Notch receptor) into the RCAS vector and =
assessed its=20
      expression using Western blot detection of the HA tag in Ntv-a=20
      mouse-derived glial cells (<A class=3D"fig-table-link fig =
figpopup"=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F5/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
5<EM>E</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 5"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 5"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig005.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig005.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      We then infected Gtv-a arf<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice with RCAS-Kras,=20
      RCAS-rDelta1-HA, or a combination of the two. Gtv-a =
arf<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice=20
      express the viral-targeting receptor on GFAP-positive cells, and=20
      RCAS-mediated Kras oncogene delivery to these cells induces a =
similar=20
      spindle tumor with moderate nestin expression, as seen with Ntv-a=20
      arf<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15781613"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R29">29</A>]. These tumors have abundant Notch1 expression, =
as=20
      determined by <EM>in situ</EM> analysis. Expression of rDelta1-HA =
alone in=20
      these mice was insufficient to induce tumors. Mice infected with a =

      combination of RCAS-Kras and RCAS-rDelta1-HA developed tumors and =
were=20
      sacrificed when symptomatic or at 12 weeks. These tumors were then =

      analyzed for HA and nestin expression. HA-staining regions are =
composed of=20
      Kras-driven tumors that have additional Notch activation by the =
expression=20
      of rDelta1. In analyzing the five large tumors that developed, in =
regions=20
      where Kras alone was expressed (with no HA staining), nestin =
expression=20
      was intermediate throughout (<A class=3D"fig-table-link fig =
figpopup"=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F5/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
5<EM>F</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 5"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 5"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig005.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig005.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      However, nestin expression was markedly elevated where rDelta1 was =

      coexpressed (as determined with positive HA staining) with Kras =
(<A=20
      class=3D"fig-table-link fig figpopup" style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: =
none"=20
      onclick=3D"startTarget(this, 'figure', 1024, 800)"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/figure/F5/"><=
SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-DECORATION: underline">Figure =
5<EM>F</EM></SPAN><SPAN=20
      class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas><SPAN class=3Dlarge-thumb-canvas-1><IMG =

      class=3D"icon-reflink large-thumb" title=3D"Figure 5"=20
      style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px solid"=20
      alt=3D"Figure 5"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_10=
72_fig005.gif"=20
      =
hires=3D"/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1072_fig005.jpg"></SPAN></S=
PAN></A>).=20
      This demonstrates that elevated Notch signaling upregulates nestin =

      expression in glial tumors, even from a GFAP-expressing cell of =
origin,=20
      and can collaborate with Kras signaling to alter tumor=20
      phenotype.</DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid546905>
      <DIV class=3D"head1 section-title" id=3D__secid546905titletitle=20
      style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none">
      <DIV class=3Dother-sections>
      <UL class=3D"noext-menu noext-menu-hidden">
        <LI><A class=3Dfirst-link=20
        =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#">&nbsp;Othe=
r=20
        Sections=E2=96=BC</A>
        <UL class=3D"submenu head1">
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__abstractid=
495128">Abstract</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid49516=
7">Introduction</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54314=
9">Materials=20
          and Methods</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54342=
0">Results</A>
          <LI class=3D"submenu-item current-item"><A class=3D""=20
          style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none" onclick=3Dreturn(false)=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#">Discussion=
</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54702=
1">Supplementary=20
          Material</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__ref-listid=
547070">References</A></LI></UL></LI></UL></DIV>
      <DIV>Discussion</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsection-content id=3D__secid546905content>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-first" id=3D__pid546912>Our study demonstrates =
that Notch=20
      signaling can play important roles in glial tumor development,=20
      particularly in promoting nestin expression that may contribute to =
stem=20
      cell potential. We were able to identify Notch receptors and =
ligands in=20
      human glial tumors, suggesting that juxtacrine or autocrine modes =
of=20
      activation are possible=E2=80=94a situation that most often occurs =
in GBMs, the=20
      highest grade of glial tumors. Previous results have indicated =
higher=20
      Notch1 mRNA in grade II to grade III astrocytomas than in GBMs, no =

      significant elevation of Delta-like1 mRNA in astrocytomas and =
GBMs, and=20
      elevation of Jagged1 in only a subset of GBMs [<A=20
      class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15781650"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R23">23</A>]. Our results agree with this previous report =
on the=20
      elevated level of Jagged1 in a subset of GBMs. However, at the =
protein=20
      level, we observed similar levels of Notch1 receptor in human =
glial tumors=20
      and higher ligand levels in GBMs. The lack of correlation between =
mRNA and=20
      protein levels is consistent with previous reports showing that =
Notch1 is=20
      one mRNA that is translationally regulated through its recruitment =
into=20
      polyribosomes by signaling pathways known to be active in GBMs [<A =

      class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580340"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R6">6</A>]. In this study, we observed a similar finding in =
mouse=20
      tumors with elevated Notch1 protein in Kras-induced GBMs, where =
Ras and=20
      Akt pathways are significantly elevated. Thus, equivalent mRNA =
levels may=20
      lead to differing amounts of protein. We have also identified =
Notch2=20
      protein to be expressed in selected GBMs. Thus, our results add to =
the=20
      growing literature supporting the importance of Notch signaling in =
the=20
      formation of human GBMs.</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dp id=3D__pid546948>In our mouse glial tumor models, =
we found=20
      that, in Krasinduced GBMs, Notch1 receptor, Delta-like1, and =
Jagged1 are=20
      upregulated, accompanied by increased transcription of HES1, a =
common=20
      Notch transcriptional target. The cooperative nature of activated =
Notch=20
      and Kras signaling was additionally observed with the ability of =
these two=20
      genes combined to generate lesions located in the SVZ, the =
location of=20
      neural stem cells. The cells in these lesions continue to express =
a=20
      proliferation marker and also nestin, much as stem-like cells do. =
The=20
      ability of Notch to sustain the expression of the progenitor =
marker nestin=20
      may have a direct effect on transcription by Notch at the nestin =
second=20
      intron enhancer element. Based on these findings, Notch activation =
appears=20
      capable of promoting or sustaining nestin expression and the =
stem-like=20
      character of SVZ cells.</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dp id=3D__pid546957>Given the diverse roles that the =
Notch pathway=20
      plays in normal glial development, parallels between development =
and tumor=20
      formation may be seen. As in development, persistent Notch =
activation may=20
      be a means to keep cells in a more undifferentiated progenitor =
state. It=20
      is believed that cancer stem cells may be the source of tumor =
cells and=20
      that SVZ is thought to be the origin of neural stem cells in the =
cerebrum=20
      [<A class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15003168"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R40">40</A>]. The periventricular lesions seen with =
combined Notch=20
      and Kras infections in wild-type mice may be a reflection of this =
aspect=20
      of Notch's function. In normal development, nestin-positive cells =
migrate=20
      from the SVZ into the brain on postnatal day 0 and are limited to =
a small=20
      zone of periventricular cells in the adult brain [<A=20
      class=3D"cite-reflink bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#R41"=20
      rid=3D"R41">41</A>]. By activating the Notch and Ras pathways in=20
      nestin-positive progenitors, these cells appear capable of =
continued=20
      proliferation in adult mice in the SVZ as if they have been =
prevented from=20
      proceeding through a normal differentiation pathway.</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dp id=3D__pid546989>In Kras-generated GBMs, the =
activation of the=20
      MAP kinase Erk and Akt pathways may affect protein translation. =
Thus,=20
      compared to PDGFB-generated oligodendrogliomas, Kras-induced GBMs =
produce=20
      more Notch proteins from relatively similar amounts of Notch mRNA. =
The=20
      expression of Notch ligands Delta1 and Jagged1 appears to be =
regulated by=20
      transcriptional mechanisms that upregulate expression in Kras =
tumors and=20
      not in PDGFB tumors. The coexpression of ligand and receptor in=20
      Kras-induced GBMs may be responsible for juxtacrine Notch =
signaling that=20
      can maintain progenitor characteristics. Therefore, nestin =
expression is=20
      correlated with Kras-induced GBM-like tumors and not with =
PDGFB-induced=20
      oligodendrogliomas. In PDGFB-generated oligodendrogliomas, the =
Notch1=20
      receptor is overexpressed, but the ligands and Hes1 target are =
either=20
      minimally expressed or at levels slightly higher than that in =
normal=20
      brain. This, however, does not exclude Notch function from these =
tumors.=20
      There are three Delta-like isoforms and two Jagged isoforms, in =
addition=20
      to a newly identified ligand F-contactin that has been shown to =
have=20
      specific effects on oligodendrocytes [<A class=3D"cite-reflink =
bibr popnode"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14567914"=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DEntrez%7CPubMed%7CR=
ecord&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"=20
      rid=3D"R42">42</A>]. Alternatively, the lower level of receptor =
and ligand=20
      expression seen in Western blot analysis may still be sufficient =
for=20
      signaling.</DIV>
      <DIV class=3D"p p-last" id=3D__pid547013>Inhibition of Notch =
activity may be=20
      useful for glioma therapy. One possible target is presenilin =
=CE=B3 secretase,=20
      which acts to cleave and release Notch from membranes. The =
combination of=20
      a Notch inhibitor and Ras inhibitor may be particularly effective =
because=20
      these pathways seem to work synergistically to induce lesions and =
to=20
      sustain Ras effects. Further studies that elucidate the molecular=20
      mechanisms and specific targets of Notch signaling, particularly =
ones that=20
      distinguish its multiple functions, will also bring greater =
insight into=20
      glioma biology.</DIV></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__secid547021>
      <DIV class=3D"head1 section-title" id=3D__secid547021titletitle=20
      style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none">
      <DIV><A id=3Dsupplementary-material-sec></A>Supplementary=20
      Material</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsection-content id=3D__secid547021content><!--body-->
      <DIV class=3Dp id=3DSD1>
      <DIV class=3Dtitle><STRONG>Supplementary Figures and =
Tables</STRONG></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsupplementary-material-media-label-caption><A=20
      id=3DN0xa05c7b8N0xa409430 name=3DN0xa05c7b8N0xa409430></A><A =
class=3Dint-reflink=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/bin/neo0812_1=
072SD1.pdf">Click=20
      here to view.</A><SUP>(19K, pdf)</SUP></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__ackid547062>
      <DIV class=3D"head1 section-title" id=3D__ackid547062titletitle=20
      style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none">
      <DIV>Acknowledgements</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsection-content id=3D__ackid547062content>
      <DIV class=3Dsec>
      <DIV class=3Dp id=3D__pid547066>We thank Hiroyuki Momota for =
critical=20
      suggestions on the manuscript; Edward Nerio and Jim Finney for =
technical=20
      assistance; Veronique Bourdon for microarray analysis; and David =
Anderson,=20
      Gerry Weinmaster, and Urban Lendahl for the=20
      reagents.</DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__articleid542982footnotes>
      <DIV class=3D"head1 section-title" =
id=3D__articleid542982footnotestitletitle=20
      style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none">
      <DIV>Footnotes</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsection-content =
id=3D__articleid542982footnotescontent>
      <DIV class=3Dfm-footnote id=3DFN1><SUP>1</SUP>Laboratory work was =
supported by=20
      the Kleeberg Foundation, Kirby Foundation, and National Institutes =
of=20
      Health (NIH) grants UO1CA894314-1 and RO1 <SPAN =
class=3Dext-reflink><A=20
      class=3Dext-reflink onclick=3D"focuswin('pmc_ext')"=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=3DRetrieve&amp;db=3D=
nucleotide&amp;dopt=3DGenBank&amp;list_uids=3D34952796"=20
      target=3Dpmc_ext=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dextlink-entrez-nucleotide&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;i=
ssue-id=3D141662&amp;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3D=
Entrez%7CTerm%7CNucleotide&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">CA099489</A></SPA=
N>=20
      to E.C.H. A.H.S. was supported by NIH MSTP grant GM07739.</DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dfm-footnote id=3DFN2><SUP>*</SUP>This article refers =
to=20
      supplementary material, which is designated by =E2=80=9CW=E2=80=9D =
(i.e., <A=20
      class=3D"side-supplink supplementary-material"=20
      href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#SD1"=20
      rid=3D"SD1">Table W1</A>) and is available online at <SPAN=20
      class=3Dext-reflink><A class=3Dext-reflink =
onclick=3D"focuswin('pmc_ext')"=20
      href=3D"http://www.bcdecker.com/" target=3Dpmc_ext=20
      =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dextlink&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&a=
mp;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle%7CBody&amp;TO=3DExternal%7CLink%7C=
URI&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">http://www.bcdecker.com/</A></SPAN>.</DI=
V></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsec id=3D__ref-listid547070>
      <DIV class=3D"head1 section-title" =
id=3D__ref-listid547070titletitle=20
      style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none">
      <DIV class=3Dother-sections>
      <UL class=3D"noext-menu noext-menu-hidden">
        <LI><A class=3Dfirst-link=20
        =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#">&nbsp;Othe=
r=20
        Sections=E2=96=BC</A>
        <UL class=3D"submenu head1">
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__abstractid=
495128">Abstract</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid49516=
7">Introduction</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54314=
9">Materials=20
          and Methods</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54342=
0">Results</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54690=
5">Discussion</A>
          <LI class=3Dsubmenu-item><A class=3D"" =
style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none"=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#__secid54702=
1">Supplementary=20
          Material</A>
          <LI class=3D"submenu-item current-item"><A class=3D""=20
          style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none" onclick=3Dreturn(false)=20
          =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790729/#">References=
</A></LI></UL></LI></UL></DIV>
      <DIV>References</DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3Dsection-content id=3D__ref-listid547070content>
      <DIV class=3Dback-matter-section id=3Dreference-list>
      <DIV class=3Dref-cit-blk id=3DR1><SPAN class=3Dref-label>1.</SPAN> =
<SPAN=20
      class=3Dref-cit><SPAN class=3Dcitation =
id=3D__citationid547082>Singh SK, Hawkins=20
      C, Clarke ID, Squire JA, Bayani J, Hide T, Henkelman RM, Cusimano =
MD,=20
      Dirks PB. Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells.=20
      <SPAN><SPAN class=3Dref-journal>Nature. </SPAN>2004;<SPAN=20
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        <LI class=3Ditem><A=20
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href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=3Dsearch&amp;db=3DPu=
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ref=3D"reftype=3Dauthsrch&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&=
amp;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|ByTheseAuthors&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Se=
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        A.</A> </LI>
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        =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=3Dsearch&amp;db=3DPu=
bMed&amp;term=3D%20Holland%2BEC[auth]"=20
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        E.</A> </LI></UL></DIV></DIV></DIV>
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      <H2>PubMed related articles</H2>
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      <UL class=3Dpop1>
        <LI class=3D"item popnode note"><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17849174?ordinalpos=3D1&amp;it=
ool=3DPPMCLayout.PPMCAppController.PPMCArticlePage.PPMCPubmedRA&amp;linkp=
os=3D1"=20
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med|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Notch=20
        activation promotes cell proliferation and the formation of =
neural stem=20
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        <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Mol Cell Biochem. 2008 Jan; =
307(1-2):101-8.=20
        Epub 2007 Sep 12.</EM> </P>
        <P class=3Dnote>[Mol Cell Biochem. 2008]</P></LI>
        <LI class=3D"item popnode note"><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17855658?ordinalpos=3D1&amp;it=
ool=3DPPMCLayout.PPMCAppController.PPMCArticlePage.PPMCPubmedRA&amp;linkp=
os=3D2"=20
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ref=3D"reftype=3Drelart&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|RelatedArticles&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pub=
med|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Sox10=20
        has a broad expression pattern in gliomas and enhances =
platelet-derived=20
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        <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Mol Cancer Res. 2007 Sep; =
5(9):891-7.=20
        </EM></P>
        <P class=3Dnote>[Mol Cancer Res. 2007]</P></LI>
        <LI class=3D"item popnode note"><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19108713?ordinalpos=3D1&amp;it=
ool=3DPPMCLayout.PPMCAppController.PPMCArticlePage.PPMCPubmedRA&amp;linkp=
os=3D3"=20
        =
ref=3D"reftype=3Drelart&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|RelatedArticles&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pub=
med|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Nestin=20
        and CD133: valuable stem cell-specific markers for determining =
clinical=20
        outcome of glioma patients.</A>=20
        <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Dec =
24; 27:85.=20
        Epub 2008 Dec 24.</EM> </P>
        <P class=3Dnote>[J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2008]</P></LI>
        <LI class=3D"item popnode note"><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18493853?ordinalpos=3D1&amp;it=
ool=3DPPMCLayout.PPMCAppController.PPMCArticlePage.PPMCPubmedRA&amp;linkp=
os=3D4"=20
        =
ref=3D"reftype=3Drelart&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|RelatedArticles&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pub=
med|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"><SPAN=20
        class=3Dreviewflag>Review</SPAN>Stem cell markers in =
gliomas.</A>=20
        <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Neurochem Res. 2008 Dec; =
33(12):2407-15.=20
        Epub 2008 May 21.</EM> </P>
        <P class=3Dnote>[Neurochem Res. 2008]</P></LI>
        <LI class=3D"item popnode note"><A=20
        =
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15758664?ordinalpos=3D1&amp;it=
ool=3DPPMCLayout.PPMCAppController.PPMCArticlePage.PPMCPubmedRA&amp;linkp=
os=3D5"=20
        =
ref=3D"reftype=3Drelart&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|RelatedArticles&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pub=
med|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"><SPAN=20
        class=3Dreviewflag>Review</SPAN>Epithelial differentiation in =
pancreatic=20
        development and neoplasia: new niches for nestin and Notch.</A>=20
        <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>J Clin Gastroenterol. 2005 Apr; =
39(4 Suppl=20
        2):S78-82. </EM></P>
        <P class=3Dnote>[J Clin Gastroenterol. 2005]</P>
        <LI class=3Dmore>=C2=BB <A=20
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<DIV class=3DArticleRefDocsums id=3DArticleRefDocsums>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid495173 rid=3D"__pid495173"=20
pmids=3D"15549107 15466194 16098465 15526158 12203386">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15549107"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Identification=20
  of human brain tumour initiating cells.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Nature. 2004 Nov 18;=20
  432(7015):396-401.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Nature. =
2004]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15466194"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Isolation=20
  and characterization of tumorigenic, stem-like neural precursors from =
human=20
  glioblastoma.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Cancer Res. 2004 Oct 1;=20
  64(19):7011-21.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Cancer Res. =
2004]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16098465"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Early=20
  inactivation of p53 tumor suppressor gene cooperating with NF1 loss =
induces=20
  malignant astrocytoma.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Cancer Cell. 2005 Aug; =
8(2):119-30.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Cancer Cell. 2005]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15526158"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"><SPAN=20
  class=3Dflag>Review</SPAN>Nestin expression--a property of =
multi-lineage=20
  progenitor cells?</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004 Oct;=20
  61(19-20):2510-22.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Cell Mol Life Sci.=20
  2004]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12203386"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Human=20
  cortical glial tumors contain neural stem-like cells expressing =
astroglial and=20
  neuronal markers in vitro.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Glia. 2002 Sep; =
39(3):193-206.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Glia. 2002]</SPAN></LI></UL><A class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15549107,15466194,16098465,155=
26158,12203386/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid495216 rid=3D"__pid495216"=20
pmids=3D"14580340 10221902 10206645">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580340"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Oncogenic=20
  Ras and Akt signaling contribute to glioblastoma formation by =
differential=20
  recruitment of existing mRNAs to polysomes.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Mol Cell. 2003 Oct; =
12(4):889-901.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Mol Cell. 2003]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221902"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"><SPAN=20
  class=3Dflag>Review</SPAN>Notch signaling: cell fate control and =
signal=20
  integration in development.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Science. 1999 Apr 30;=20
  284(5415):770-6.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Science. 1999]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206645"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">A=20
  presenilin-1-dependent gamma-secretase-like protease mediates release =
of Notch=20
  intracellular domain.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Nature. 1999 Apr 8;=20
  398(6727):518-22.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Nature. =
1999]</SPAN></LI></UL><A=20
class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580340,10221902,10206645/?re=
port=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid495258 rid=3D"__pid495258"=20
pmids=3D"7956822 10850492 11937492 12186854 9697852 9006984 10839357 =
10839358 11182080">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7956822"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">An=20
  activated Notch suppresses neurogenesis and myogenesis but not =
gliogenesis in=20
  mammalian cells.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Development. 1994 Sep;=20
  120(9):2421-30.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Development. =
1994]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10850492"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Transient=20
  Notch activation initiates an irreversible switch from neurogenesis to =

  gliogenesis by neural crest stem cells.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Cell. 2000 May 26; =
101(5):499-510.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Cell. 2000]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11937492"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Notch=20
  pathway molecules are essential for the maintenance, but not the =
generation,=20
  of mammalian neural stem cells.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Genes Dev. 2002 Apr 1; =
16(7):846-58.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Genes Dev. 2002]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12186854"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Notch1=20
  control of oligodendrocyte differentiation in the spinal cord.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>J Cell Biol. 2002 Aug 19;=20
  158(4):709-18.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[J Cell Biol. =
2002]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9697852"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Notch=20
  receptor activation inhibits oligodendrocyte differentiation.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Neuron. 1998 Jul; =
21(1):63-75.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Neuron. 1998]</SPAN></LI></UL><A class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7956822,10850492,11937492,1218=
6854,9697852,9006984,10839357,10839358,11182080/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid495344 rid=3D"__pid495344"=20
pmids=3D"12185362 10980592 15958550 15520184 15520185 15781650 =
16530701">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12185362"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Activation=20
  of Notch-1 signaling maintains the neoplastic phenotype in human=20
  Ras-transformed cells.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Nat Med. 2002 Sep; =
8(9):979-86.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Nat Med. 2002]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10980592"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Ras=20
  pathway signals are required for notch-mediated oncogenesis.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Oncogene. 2000 Aug 31;=20
  19(37):4191-8.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Oncogene. 2000]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15958550"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Meningioma=20
  transcript profiles reveal deregulated Notch signaling pathway.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Cancer Res. 2005 Jun 15;=20
  65(12):5070-5.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Cancer Res. =
2005]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15520184"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Notch1=20
  and notch2 have opposite effects on embryonal brain tumor growth.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Cancer Res. 2004 Nov 1;=20
  64(21):7787-93.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Cancer Res. =
2004]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15520185"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">The=20
  SmoA1 mouse model reveals that notch signaling is critical for the =
growth and=20
  survival of sonic hedgehog-induced medulloblastomas.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Cancer Res. 2004 Nov 1;=20
  64(21):7794-800.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Cancer Res. =
2004]</SPAN></LI></UL><A=20
class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12185362,10980592,15958550,155=
20184,15520185,15781650,16530701/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid543170 rid=3D"__pid543170" =
pmids=3D"14580340">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580340"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Oncogenic=20
  Ras and Akt signaling contribute to glioblastoma formation by =
differential=20
  recruitment of existing mRNAs to polysomes.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Mol Cell. 2003 Oct; =
12(4):889-901.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Mol Cell. 2003]</SPAN></LI></UL><A class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580340/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid543214 rid=3D"__pid543214"=20
pmids=3D"10802656 11922389 8292356 9104587">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10802656"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Combined=20
  activation of Ras and Akt in neural progenitors induces glioblastoma =
formation=20
  in mice.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Nat Genet. 2000 May; =
25(1):55-7.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Nat Genet. 2000]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11922389"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">MYC=20
  expression promotes the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in =
culture=20
  and in vivo.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Neoplasia. 2002 Jan-Feb; =
4(1):32-9.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Neoplasia. 2002]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8292356"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Independent=20
  regulatory elements in the nestin gene direct transgene expression to =
neural=20
  stem cells or muscle precursors.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Neuron. 1994 Jan; =
12(1):11-24.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Neuron. 1994]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9104587"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">An=20
  evolutionarily conserved region in the second intron of the human =
nestin gene=20
  directs gene expression to CNS progenitor cells and to early neural =
crest=20
  cells.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Eur J Neurosci. 1997 Mar;=20
  9(3):452-62.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Eur J Neurosci. =
1997]</SPAN></LI></UL><A=20
class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10802656,11922389,8292356,9104=
587/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid543246 rid=3D"__pid543246"=20
pmids=3D"10802656 15781613 11485986">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10802656"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Combined=20
  activation of Ras and Akt in neural progenitors induces glioblastoma =
formation=20
  in mice.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Nat Genet. 2000 May; =
25(1):55-7.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Nat Genet. 2000]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15781613"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Cell=20
  type-specific tumor suppression by Ink4a and Arf in Kras-induced mouse =

  gliomagenesis.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Cancer Res. 2005 Mar 15;=20
  65(6):2065-9.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Cancer Res. 2005]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11485986"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">PDGF=20
  autocrine stimulation dedifferentiates cultured astrocytes and induces =

  oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas from neural progenitors and=20
  astrocytes in vivo.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Genes Dev. 2001 Aug 1;=20
  15(15):1913-25.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Genes Dev. =
2001]</SPAN></LI></UL><A=20
class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10802656,15781613,11485986/?re=
port=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid543361 rid=3D"__pid543361" =
pmids=3D"15967117">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15967117"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">The=20
  characteristics of astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas are caused by =
two=20
  distinct and interchangeable signaling formats.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Neoplasia. 2005 Apr; =
7(4):397-406.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Neoplasia. 2005]</SPAN></LI></UL><A class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15967117/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid543431 rid=3D"__pid543431" =
pmids=3D"12154041">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12154041"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Gene=20
  expression microarray analysis reveals YKL-40 to be a potential serum =
marker=20
  for malignant character in human glioma.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Cancer Res. 2002 Aug 1;=20
  62(15):4364-8.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Cancer Res. =
2002]</SPAN></LI></UL><A=20
class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12154041/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid543490 rid=3D"__pid543490"=20
pmids=3D"10498877 15781613 11485986 15967117">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10498877"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"><SPAN=20
  class=3Dflag>Review</SPAN>Development of a flexible and specific gene =
delivery=20
  system for production of murine tumor models.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Oncogene. 1999 Sep 20;=20
  18(38):5253-60.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Oncogene. 1999]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15781613"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Cell=20
  type-specific tumor suppression by Ink4a and Arf in Kras-induced mouse =

  gliomagenesis.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Cancer Res. 2005 Mar 15;=20
  65(6):2065-9.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Cancer Res. 2005]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11485986"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">PDGF=20
  autocrine stimulation dedifferentiates cultured astrocytes and induces =

  oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas from neural progenitors and=20
  astrocytes in vivo.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Genes Dev. 2001 Aug 1;=20
  15(15):1913-25.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Genes Dev. =
2001]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15967117"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">The=20
  characteristics of astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas are caused by =
two=20
  distinct and interchangeable signaling formats.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Neoplasia. 2005 Apr; =
7(4):397-406.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Neoplasia. 2005]</SPAN></LI></UL><A class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10498877,15781613,11485986,159=
67117/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid543546 rid=3D"__pid543546"=20
pmids=3D"1295745 14580340">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1295745"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Notch2:=20
  a second mammalian Notch gene.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Development. 1992 Dec;=20
  116(4):931-41.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Development. =
1992]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580340"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Oncogenic=20
  Ras and Akt signaling contribute to glioblastoma formation by =
differential=20
  recruitment of existing mRNAs to polysomes.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Mol Cell. 2003 Oct; =
12(4):889-901.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Mol Cell. 2003]</SPAN></LI></UL><A class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1295745,14580340/?report=3Dsum=
mary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid543765 rid=3D"__pid543765"=20
pmids=3D"11486031 15979417 14701881 15964998">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11486031"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Induction=20
  of cyclin D1 transcription and CDK2 activity by Notch(ic): implication =
for=20
  cell cycle disruption in transformation by Notch(ic).</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Sep;=20
  21(17):5925-34.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Mol Cell Biol. =
2001]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15979417"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Identification=20
  of Dll1 (Delta1) target genes during mouse embryogenesis using =
differential=20
  expression profiling.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Gene Expr Patterns. 2005 Dec;=20
  6(1):94-101.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Gene Expr Patterns. =
2005]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14701881"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Notch=20
  promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition during cardiac development =
and=20
  oncogenic transformation.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Genes Dev. 2004 Jan 1; =
18(1):99-115.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Genes Dev. 2004]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15964998"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">p21WAF1/Cip1=20
  is a negative transcriptional regulator of Wnt4 expression downstream =
of=20
  Notch1 activation.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Genes Dev. 2005 Jun 15;=20
  19(12):1485-95.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Genes Dev. =
2005]</SPAN></LI></UL><A=20
class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11486031,15979417,14701881,159=
64998/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid543881 rid=3D"__pid543881"=20
pmids=3D"8292356 12205672 9104587 10206645">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8292356"=20
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ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Independent=20
  regulatory elements in the nestin gene direct transgene expression to =
neural=20
  stem cells or muscle precursors.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Neuron. 1994 Jan; =
12(1):11-24.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Neuron. 1994]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12205672"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Nestin=20
  enhancer requirements for expression in normal and injured adult =
CNS.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>J Neurosci Res. 2002 Sep 15;=20
  69(6):784-94.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[J Neurosci Res. =
2002]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9104587"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">An=20
  evolutionarily conserved region in the second intron of the human =
nestin gene=20
  directs gene expression to CNS progenitor cells and to early neural =
crest=20
  cells.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Eur J Neurosci. 1997 Mar;=20
  9(3):452-62.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Eur J Neurosci. =
1997]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10206645"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">A=20
  presenilin-1-dependent gamma-secretase-like protease mediates release =
of Notch=20
  intracellular domain.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Nature. 1999 Apr 8;=20
  398(6727):518-22.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Nature. =
1999]</SPAN></LI></UL><A=20
class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8292356,12205672,9104587,10206=
645/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid544025 rid=3D"__pid544025" =
pmids=3D"10802656">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10802656"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Combined=20
  activation of Ras and Akt in neural progenitors induces glioblastoma =
formation=20
  in mice.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Nat Genet. 2000 May; =
25(1):55-7.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Nat Genet. 2000]</SPAN></LI></UL><A class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10802656/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid546824 rid=3D"__pid546824" =
pmids=3D"15781613">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15781613"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Cell=20
  type-specific tumor suppression by Ink4a and Arf in Kras-induced mouse =

  gliomagenesis.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Cancer Res. 2005 Mar 15;=20
  65(6):2065-9.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Cancer Res. =
2005]</SPAN></LI></UL><A=20
class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15781613/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid546912 rid=3D"__pid546912"=20
pmids=3D"15781650 14580340">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15781650"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Expression=20
  of Notch-1 and its ligands, Delta-like-1 and Jagged-1, is critical for =
glioma=20
  cell survival and proliferation.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Cancer Res. 2005 Mar 15;=20
  65(6):2353-63.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Cancer Res. =
2005]</SPAN></LI>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14580340"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Oncogenic=20
  Ras and Akt signaling contribute to glioblastoma formation by =
differential=20
  recruitment of existing mRNAs to polysomes.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Mol Cell. 2003 Oct; =
12(4):889-901.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Mol Cell. 2003]</SPAN></LI></UL><A class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15781650,14580340/?report=3Dsu=
mmary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid546957 rid=3D"__pid546957" =
pmids=3D"15003168">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15003168"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal"><SPAN=20
  class=3Dflag>Review</SPAN>For the long run: maintaining germinal =
niches in the=20
  adult brain.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Neuron. 2004 Mar 4; =
41(5):683-6.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Neuron. 2004]</SPAN></LI></UL><A class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15003168/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid546989 rid=3D"__pid546989" =
pmids=3D"14567914">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14567914"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">F3/contactin=20
  acts as a functional ligand for Notch during oligodendrocyte =
maturation.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Cell. 2003 Oct 17; =
115(2):163-75.</EM></P><SPAN=20
  class=3Dpub>[Cell. 2003]</SPAN></LI></UL><A class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14567914/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid550499 rid=3D"__pid550499" =
pmids=3D"12154041">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12154041"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Gene=20
  expression microarray analysis reveals YKL-40 to be a potential serum =
marker=20
  for malignant character in human glioma.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Cancer Res. 2002 Aug 1;=20
  62(15):4364-8.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Cancer Res. =
2002]</SPAN></LI></UL><A=20
class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12154041/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV>
<DIV class=3Dcited-ref id=3Dcite-__pid550531 rid=3D"__pid550531" =
pmids=3D"1295745">
<UL>
  <LI class=3Dovfl><A class=3D"pl popnode"=20
  href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1295745"=20
  =
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">Notch2:=20
  a second mammalian Notch gene.</A>
  <P class=3Ddesc><EM class=3Dcit>Development. 1992 Dec;=20
  116(4):931-41.</EM></P><SPAN class=3Dpub>[Development. =
1992]</SPAN></LI></UL><A=20
class=3Dall-articles=20
href=3D"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1295745/?report=3Dsummary"=20
ref=3D"reftype=3Dpubmed&amp;article-id=3D1790729&amp;issue-id=3D141662&am=
p;journal-id=3D367&amp;FROM=3DArticle|CitedRefBlock&amp;TO=3DEntrez|Pubme=
d|Record&amp;rendering-type=3Dnormal">See=20
more articles cited in this paragraph</A></DIV></DIV>
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white; OVERFLOW: hidden; BORDER-LEFT: #99bbe8 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: =
#99bbe8 1px solid; POSITION: relative
}
.x-panel-bbar .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #99bbe8 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; BORDER-TOP: =
#99bbe8 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; OVERFLOW: hidden; =
BORDER-LEFT: #99bbe8 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 2px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bbe8 =
1px solid
}
.x-panel-tbar .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #99bbe8 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; BORDER-TOP: =
#99bbe8 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; OVERFLOW: hidden; =
BORDER-LEFT: #99bbe8 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 2px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bbe8 =
1px solid
}
.x-panel-tbar-noheader .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-TOP: #99bbe8 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px
}
.x-panel-mc .x-panel-tbar .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-TOP: #99bbe8 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px
}
.x-panel-body-noheader {
	BORDER-TOP: #99bbe8 1px solid
}
.x-panel-mc .x-panel-body {
	BORDER-TOP: #99bbe8 1px solid
}
.x-panel-header {
	OVERFLOW: hidden; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-tl .x-panel-header {
	BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: =
0px; BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; PADDING-BOTTOM: =
4px; FONT: bold 11px tahoma,arial,verdana,sans-serif; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; =
COLOR: #15428b; PADDING-TOP: 5px; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px
}
.x-panel-tl .x-panel-icon {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px 4px; PADDING-LEFT: 20px! important; =
BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-window-tl .x-panel-icon {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px 4px; PADDING-LEFT: 20px! important; =
BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-inline-icon {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px 0px; MARGIN-TOP: -1px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: -1px; =
VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; WIDTH: 16px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 4px; =
BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; HEIGHT: 16px
}
.x-panel-tc {
	BACKGROUND: url(../images/default/panel/top-bottom.gif) repeat-x 0px =
0px; OVERFLOW: hidden
}
.ext-strict .ext-ie7 .x-panel-tc {
	OVERFLOW: visible
}
.x-panel-tl {
	PADDING-LEFT: 6px; BACKGROUND: =
url(../images/default/panel/corners-sprite.gif) no-repeat 0px 0px; =
BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bbe8 1px solid; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-tr {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 6px; BACKGROUND: =
url(../images/default/panel/corners-sprite.gif) no-repeat right 0px; =
ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-bc {
	BACKGROUND: url(../images/default/panel/top-bottom.gif) repeat-x 0px =
bottom; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-bc .x-panel-footer {
	ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-bl {
	PADDING-LEFT: 6px; BACKGROUND: =
url(../images/default/panel/corners-sprite.gif) no-repeat 0px bottom; =
ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-br {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 6px; BACKGROUND: =
url(../images/default/panel/corners-sprite.gif) no-repeat right bottom; =
ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-mc {
	BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: =
0px; BACKGROUND: #dfe8f6; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 11px =
tahoma,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 6px; =
BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px
}
.x-panel-mc .x-panel-body {
	BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll =
repeat 0% 0%; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px
}
.x-panel-ml {
	PADDING-LEFT: 6px; BACKGROUND: =
url(../images/default/panel/left-right.gif) #fff repeat-y 0px 0px; ZOOM: =
1
}
.x-panel-mr {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 6px; BACKGROUND: =
url(../images/default/panel/left-right.gif) repeat-y right 0px; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-bc .x-panel-footer {
	PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px
}
.x-panel-nofooter .x-panel-bc {
	FONT-SIZE: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 0; HEIGHT: 6px
}
.x-panel-nofooter .x-window-bc {
	FONT-SIZE: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 0; HEIGHT: 6px
}
.x-panel-bwrap {
	LEFT: 0px; OVERFLOW: hidden; ZOOM: 1; TOP: 0px
}
.x-panel-body {
	OVERFLOW: hidden; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-collapsed .x-resizable-handle {
	DISPLAY: none
}
.ext-gecko .x-panel-animated DIV {
	OVERFLOW: hidden! important
}
.x-plain-body {
	OVERFLOW: hidden
}
.x-plain-bbar .x-toolbar {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; OVERFLOW: =
hidden; PADDING-TOP: 2px
}
.x-plain-tbar .x-toolbar {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; OVERFLOW: =
hidden; PADDING-TOP: 2px
}
.x-plain-bwrap {
	OVERFLOW: hidden; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-plain {
	OVERFLOW: hidden
}
.x-tool {
	BACKGROUND: url(../images/default/panel/tool-sprites.gif) no-repeat; =
FLOAT: right; MARGIN-LEFT: 2px; OVERFLOW: hidden; WIDTH: 15px; CURSOR: =
pointer; HEIGHT: 15px
}
.x-tool-toggle {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -60px
}
.x-tool-toggle-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -60px
}
.x-panel-collapsed .x-tool-toggle {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -75px
}
.x-panel-collapsed .x-tool-toggle-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -75px
}
.x-tool-close {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px 0px
}
.x-tool-close-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px 0px
}
.x-tool-minimize {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -15px
}
.x-tool-minimize-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -15px
}
.x-tool-maximize {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -30px
}
.x-tool-maximize-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -30px
}
.x-tool-restore {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -45px
}
.x-tool-restore-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -45px
}
.x-tool-gear {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -90px
}
.x-tool-gear-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -90px
}
.x-tool-pin {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -135px
}
.x-tool-pin-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -135px
}
.x-tool-unpin {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -150px
}
.x-tool-unpin-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -150px
}
.x-tool-right {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -165px
}
.x-tool-right-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -165px
}
.x-tool-left {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -180px
}
.x-tool-left-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -180px
}
.x-tool-up {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -210px
}
.x-tool-up-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -210px
}
.x-tool-down {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -195px
}
.x-tool-down-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -195px
}
.x-tool-refresh {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -225px
}
.x-tool-refresh-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -225px
}
.x-tool-minus {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -255px
}
.x-tool-minus-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -255px
}
.x-tool-plus {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -240px
}
.x-tool-plus-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -240px
}
.x-tool-search {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -270px
}
.x-tool-search-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -270px
}
.x-tool-save {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -285px
}
.x-tool-save-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -285px
}
.x-tool-help {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -300px
}
.x-tool-help-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -300px
}
.x-tool-print {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -315px
}
.x-tool-print-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -315px
}
.x-panel-ghost {
	Z-INDEX: 12000; BACKGROUND: #cbddf3; FILTER: alpha(opacity=3D65); LEFT: =
0px; OVERFLOW: hidden; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0px; opacity: .65; =
-moz-opacity: .65
}
.x-panel-ghost UL {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #99bbe8 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: =
#99bbe8 0px; DISPLAY: block; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 0px; =
PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; OVERFLOW: hidden; BORDER-LEFT: #99bbe8 =
1px solid; LINE-HEIGHT: 0; PADDING-TOP: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bbe8 1px =
solid
}
.x-panel-ghost * {
	CURSOR: move! important
}
.x-panel-dd-spacer {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #99bbe8 2px dashed; BORDER-TOP: #99bbe8 2px dashed; =
BORDER-LEFT: #99bbe8 2px dashed; BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bbe8 2px dashed
}
.x-panel-btns-ct {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 5px; =
PADDING-TOP: 5px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn {
	CLEAR: none; FLOAT: right
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-panel-btns TD {
	BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; =
PADDING-TOP: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-panel-btns-right TABLE {
	CLEAR: none; FLOAT: right
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-panel-btns-left TABLE {
	CLEAR: none; FLOAT: left
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-panel-btns-center {
	TEXT-ALIGN: center
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-panel-btns-center TABLE {
	MARGIN: 0px auto
}
.x-panel-btns-ct TABLE TD.x-panel-btn-td {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; =
PADDING-TOP: 3px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-focus .x-btn-left {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -147px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-focus .x-btn-right {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -168px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-focus .x-btn-center {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -189px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-over .x-btn-left {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -63px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-over .x-btn-right {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -84px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-over .x-btn-center {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -105px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-click .x-btn-center {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -126px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-click .x-btn-right {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -84px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-click .x-btn-left {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -63px
}

------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CAD4DC.9F0D8F00
Content-Type: text/css;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Location: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/ext.ncbi/1/css/themes/xtheme-oldentrez.css

.x-panel {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-STYLE: solid; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: =
solid; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: solid; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: solid
}
.x-panel-header {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #d0d0d0 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #d0d0d0 1px solid; =
BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/panel/white-top-bottom.gif); =
BORDER-LEFT: #d0d0d0 1px solid; COLOR: #333; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d0d0d0 1px =
solid
}
.x-panel-body {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-bbar .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-tbar .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-tbar-noheader .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-mc .x-panel-tbar .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-body-noheader {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-mc .x-panel-body {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-tl .x-panel-header {
	COLOR: #333
}
.x-panel-tc {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/panel/top-bottom.gif)
}
.x-panel-tl {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(../../img/oldentrez/panel/corners-sprite.gif); BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: =
#d0d0d0; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-tr {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/panel/corners-sprite.gif)
}
.x-panel-bc {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/panel/top-bottom.gif)
}
.x-panel-bl {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/panel/corners-sprite.gif)
}
.x-panel-br {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/panel/corners-sprite.gif)
}
.x-panel-mc {
	BACKGROUND: #f1f1f1
}
.x-panel-mc .x-panel-body {
	BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll =
repeat 0% 0%; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px
}
.x-panel-ml {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/panel/left-right.gif)
}
.x-panel-mr {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/panel/left-right.gif)
}
.x-tool {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/panel/tool-sprites.gif)
}
.x-panel-ghost {
	BACKGROUND: #e0e0e0
}
.x-panel-ghost UL {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #b0b0b0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #b0b0b0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #b0b0b0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #b0b0b0
}
.x-grid-panel .x-panel-mc .x-panel-body {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #d0d0d0 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #d0d0d0 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: #d0d0d0 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d0d0d0 1px solid
}
.x-btn-left {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/button/btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-btn-right {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/button/btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-btn-center {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/button/btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-border-layout-ct {
	BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0
}
.x-accordion-hd {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/panel/light-hd.gif)
}
.x-layout-collapsed {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #e0e0e0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #e0e0e0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #e0e0e0; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eee; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: =
#e0e0e0
}
.x-layout-collapsed-over {
	BACKGROUND-COLOR: #fbfbfb
}
.x-tip .x-tip-top {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-tip .x-tip-top-left {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-tip .x-tip-top-right {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-tip .x-tip-ft {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-tip .x-tip-ft-left {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-tip .x-tip-ft-right {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-tip .x-tip-bd-left {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-tip .x-tip-bd-right {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-toolbar {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BACKGROUND: =
url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/bg.gif) #f0f4f5 repeat-x left top; =
BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-toolbar BUTTON {
	COLOR: #444
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-menu-arrow-wrap .x-btn-center BUTTON {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/btn-arrow.gif)
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-text-icon .x-btn-menu-arrow-wrap .x-btn-center BUTTON =
{
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/btn-arrow.gif)
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-over .x-btn-left {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/tb-btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-over .x-btn-right {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/tb-btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-over .x-btn-center {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/tb-btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-over BUTTON {
	COLOR: #111
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-click .x-btn-left {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/tb-btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-pressed .x-btn-left {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/tb-btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-menu-active .x-btn-left {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/tb-btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-click .x-btn-right {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/tb-btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-pressed .x-btn-right {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/tb-btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-menu-active .x-btn-right {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/tb-btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-click .x-btn-center {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/tb-btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-pressed .x-btn-center {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/tb-btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-toolbar .x-btn-menu-active .x-btn-center {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../../img/oldentrez/toolbar/tb-btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-toolbar .ytb-sep {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(../images/default/grid/grid-split.gif)
}
.x-tab-panel-header {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BACKGROUND: #eaeaea; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: =
#d0d0d0; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-tab-panel-footer {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BACKGROUND: #eaeaea; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: =
#d0d0d0; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-tab-panel-header {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-tab-panel-footer {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
UL.x-tab-strip-top {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BACKGROUND: =
url(../../img/oldentrez/tabs/tab-strip-bg.gif) #dbdbdb repeat-x left =
top; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
PADDING-TOP: 2px; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
UL.x-tab-strip-bottom {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(../../img/oldentrez/tabs/tab-strip-btm-bg.gif); BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: =
#d0d0d0; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-tab-strip SPAN.x-tab-strip-text {
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}
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	PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: =
0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px
}
.port TD {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: =
0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px
}
.port IMG {
	BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: =
0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px
}
.port OL {
	LIST-STYLE-TYPE: none
}
.port UL {
	LIST-STYLE-TYPE: none
}
.x-unselectable {
	-moz-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none
}
.x-unselectable * {
	-moz-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none
}
.x-panel {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #99bbe8 0px solid; BORDER-TOP: #99bbe8 0px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: #99bbe8 0px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bbe8 0px solid
}
.x-panel-header {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #99bbe8 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; BORDER-TOP: =
#99bbe8 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; BACKGROUND: =
url(/core/extjs/ext-2.1/resources/images/default/panel/white-top-bottom.g=
if) repeat-x 0px -1px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; FONT: bold 11px/15px =
tahoma,arial,verdana,sans-serif; OVERFLOW: hidden; BORDER-LEFT: #99bbe8 =
1px solid; COLOR: #15428b; PADDING-TOP: 5px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bbe8 1px =
solid; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-body {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #99bbe8 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #99bbe8 0px; BACKGROUND: =
white; OVERFLOW: hidden; BORDER-LEFT: #99bbe8 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: =
#99bbe8 1px solid; POSITION: relative
}
.x-panel-bbar .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #99bbe8 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; BORDER-TOP: =
#99bbe8 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; OVERFLOW: hidden; =
BORDER-LEFT: #99bbe8 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 2px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bbe8 =
1px solid
}
.x-panel-tbar .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #99bbe8 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; BORDER-TOP: =
#99bbe8 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; OVERFLOW: hidden; =
BORDER-LEFT: #99bbe8 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 2px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bbe8 =
1px solid
}
.x-panel-tbar-noheader .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-TOP: #99bbe8 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px
}
.x-panel-mc .x-panel-tbar .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-TOP: #99bbe8 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px
}
.x-panel-body-noheader {
	BORDER-TOP: #99bbe8 1px solid
}
.x-panel-mc .x-panel-body {
	BORDER-TOP: #99bbe8 1px solid
}
.x-panel-header {
	OVERFLOW: hidden; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-tl .x-panel-header {
	BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: =
0px; BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; PADDING-BOTTOM: =
4px; FONT: bold 11px tahoma,arial,verdana,sans-serif; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; =
COLOR: #15428b; PADDING-TOP: 5px; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px
}
.x-panel-tl .x-panel-icon {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px 4px; PADDING-LEFT: 20px! important; =
BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-window-tl .x-panel-icon {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px 4px; PADDING-LEFT: 20px! important; =
BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-inline-icon {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px 0px; MARGIN-TOP: -1px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: -1px; =
VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; WIDTH: 16px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 4px; =
BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; HEIGHT: 16px
}
.x-panel-tc {
	BACKGROUND: =
url(/core/extjs/ext-2.1/resources/images/default/panel/top-bottom.gif) =
repeat-x 0px 0px; OVERFLOW: hidden
}
.ext-strict .ext-ie7 .x-panel-tc {
	OVERFLOW: visible
}
.x-panel-tl {
	PADDING-LEFT: 6px; BACKGROUND: =
url(/core/extjs/ext-2.1/resources/images/default/panel/corners-sprite.gif=
) no-repeat 0px 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bbe8 1px solid; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-tr {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 6px; BACKGROUND: =
url(/core/extjs/ext-2.1/resources/images/default/panel/corners-sprite.gif=
) no-repeat right 0px; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-bc {
	BACKGROUND: =
url(/core/extjs/ext-2.1/resources/images/default/panel/top-bottom.gif) =
repeat-x 0px bottom; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-bc .x-panel-footer {
	ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-bl {
	PADDING-LEFT: 6px; BACKGROUND: =
url(/core/extjs/ext-2.1/resources/images/default/panel/corners-sprite.gif=
) no-repeat 0px bottom; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-br {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 6px; BACKGROUND: =
url(/core/extjs/ext-2.1/resources/images/default/panel/corners-sprite.gif=
) no-repeat right bottom; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-mc {
	BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: =
0px; BACKGROUND: #dfe8f6; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 11px =
tahoma,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 6px; =
BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px
}
.x-panel-mc .x-panel-body {
	BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll =
repeat 0% 0%; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px
}
.x-panel-ml {
	PADDING-LEFT: 6px; BACKGROUND: =
url(/core/extjs/ext-2.1/resources/images/default/panel/left-right.gif) =
#fff repeat-y 0px 0px; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-mr {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 6px; BACKGROUND: =
url(/core/extjs/ext-2.1/resources/images/default/panel/left-right.gif) =
repeat-y right 0px; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-bc .x-panel-footer {
	PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px
}
.x-panel-nofooter .x-panel-bc {
	FONT-SIZE: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 0; HEIGHT: 6px
}
.x-panel-nofooter .x-window-bc {
	FONT-SIZE: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 0; HEIGHT: 6px
}
.x-panel-bwrap {
	OVERFLOW: hidden; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-body {
	OVERFLOW: hidden; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-panel-collapsed .x-resizable-handle {
	DISPLAY: none
}
.ext-gecko .x-panel-animated DIV {
	OVERFLOW: hidden! important
}
.x-plain-body {
	OVERFLOW: hidden
}
.x-plain-bbar .x-toolbar {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; OVERFLOW: =
hidden; PADDING-TOP: 2px
}
.x-plain-tbar .x-toolbar {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; OVERFLOW: =
hidden; PADDING-TOP: 2px
}
.x-plain-bwrap {
	OVERFLOW: hidden; ZOOM: 1
}
.x-plain {
	OVERFLOW: hidden
}
.x-tool {
	BACKGROUND: =
url(/core/extjs/ext-2.1/resources/images/default/panel/tool-sprites.gif) =
no-repeat; FLOAT: right; MARGIN-LEFT: 2px; OVERFLOW: hidden; WIDTH: =
15px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 15px
}
.x-tool-toggle {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -60px
}
.x-tool-toggle-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -60px
}
.x-panel-collapsed .x-tool-toggle {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -75px
}
.x-panel-collapsed .x-tool-toggle-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -75px
}
.x-tool-close {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px 0px
}
.x-tool-close-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px 0px
}
.x-tool-minimize {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -15px
}
.x-tool-minimize-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px 50%
}
.x-tool-maximize {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -30px
}
.x-tool-maximize-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -30px
}
.x-tool-restore {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -45px
}
.x-tool-restore-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -45px
}
.x-tool-gear {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -90px
}
.x-tool-gear-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -90px
}
.x-tool-pin {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -135px
}
.x-tool-pin-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -135px
}
.x-tool-unpin {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -150px
}
.x-tool-unpin-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -150px
}
.x-tool-right {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -165px
}
.x-tool-right-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -165px
}
.x-tool-left {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -180px
}
.x-tool-left-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -180px
}
.x-tool-up {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -210px
}
.x-tool-up-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -210px
}
.x-tool-down {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -195px
}
.x-tool-down-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -195px
}
.x-tool-refresh {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -225px
}
.x-tool-refresh-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -225px
}
.x-tool-minus {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -255px
}
.x-tool-minus-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -255px
}
.x-tool-plus {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -240px
}
.x-tool-plus-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -240px
}
.x-tool-search {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -270px
}
.x-tool-search-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -270px
}
.x-tool-save {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -285px
}
.x-tool-save-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -285px
}
.x-tool-help {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -300px
}
.x-tool-help-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -300px
}
.x-tool-print {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -315px
}
.x-tool-print-over {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: -15px -315px
}
.x-panel-ghost {
	Z-INDEX: 12000; BACKGROUND: #cbddf3; FILTER: alpha(opacity=3D65); LEFT: =
0px; OVERFLOW: hidden; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0px; opacity: .65; =
-moz-opacity: .65
}
.x-panel-ghost UL {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #99bbe8 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: =
#99bbe8 0px; DISPLAY: block; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 0px; =
PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; OVERFLOW: hidden; BORDER-LEFT: #99bbe8 =
1px solid; LINE-HEIGHT: 0; PADDING-TOP: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bbe8 1px =
solid
}
.x-panel-ghost * {
	CURSOR: move! important
}
.x-panel-dd-spacer {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #99bbe8 2px dashed; BORDER-TOP: #99bbe8 2px dashed; =
BORDER-LEFT: #99bbe8 2px dashed; BORDER-BOTTOM: #99bbe8 2px dashed
}
.x-panel-btns-ct {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 5px; =
PADDING-TOP: 5px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn {
	CLEAR: none; FLOAT: right
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-panel-btns TD {
	BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; =
BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; =
PADDING-TOP: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 0px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-panel-btns-right TABLE {
	CLEAR: none; FLOAT: right
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-panel-btns-left TABLE {
	CLEAR: none; FLOAT: left
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-panel-btns-center {
	TEXT-ALIGN: center
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-panel-btns-center TABLE {
	MARGIN: 0px auto
}
.x-panel-btns-ct TABLE TD.x-panel-btn-td {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 3px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3px; =
PADDING-TOP: 3px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-focus .x-btn-left {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -147px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-focus .x-btn-right {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -168px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-focus .x-btn-center {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -189px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-over .x-btn-left {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -63px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-over .x-btn-right {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -84px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-over .x-btn-center {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -105px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-click .x-btn-center {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -126px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-click .x-btn-right {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -84px
}
.x-panel-btns-ct .x-btn-click .x-btn-left {
	BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -63px
}
.x-btn-menu-wrap {
	WIDTH: 0px! important
}
.x-menu {
	BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0 0px 0px
}
.x-menu-list-item IMG {
	DISPLAY: none
}
.x-menu-list-item A.x-menu-item {
	PADDING-LEFT: 8px
}
.port H1.x-panel-header-text {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 100%; PADDING-BOTTOM: =
0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px
}
.port H2.x-panel-header-text {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 100%; PADDING-BOTTOM: =
0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px
}
.port H3.x-panel-header-text {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 100%; PADDING-BOTTOM: =
0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px
}
.port H4.x-panel-header-text {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 100%; PADDING-BOTTOM: =
0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px
}
.port H5.x-panel-header-text {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 100%; PADDING-BOTTOM: =
0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px
}
.port H6.x-panel-header-text {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; FONT-SIZE: 100%; PADDING-BOTTOM: =
0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px
}
DIV.x-panel-body {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 5px; =
PADDING-TOP: 5px
}
.port .x-panel-header {
	PADDING-RIGHT: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; =
PADDING-TOP: 5px
}
.x-panel {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-STYLE: solid; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: =
solid; BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: solid; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: solid
}
.x-panel-header {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #d0d0d0 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #d0d0d0 1px solid; =
BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/panel/white-top-bottom.gif); =
BORDER-LEFT: #d0d0d0 1px solid; COLOR: #333; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d0d0d0 1px =
solid
}
.x-panel-body {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-bbar .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-tbar .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-tbar-noheader .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-mc .x-panel-tbar .x-toolbar {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-body-noheader {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-mc .x-panel-body {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-tl .x-panel-header {
	COLOR: #333
}
.x-panel-tc {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/panel/top-bottom.gif)
}
.x-panel-tl {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/panel/corners-sprite.gif); =
BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #d0d0d0; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #d0d0d0; =
BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #d0d0d0
}
.x-panel-tr {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/panel/corners-sprite.gif)
}
.x-panel-bc {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/panel/top-bottom.gif)
}
.x-panel-bl {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/panel/corners-sprite.gif)
}
.x-panel-br {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/panel/corners-sprite.gif)
}
.x-panel-mc {
	BACKGROUND: #f1f1f1
}
.x-panel-mc .x-panel-body {
	BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; BORDER-TOP: 0px; BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll =
repeat 0% 0%; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px
}
.x-panel-ml {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/panel/left-right.gif)
}
.x-panel-mr {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/panel/left-right.gif)
}
.x-tool {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/panel/tool-sprites.gif)
}
.x-panel-ghost {
	BACKGROUND: #e0e0e0
}
.x-panel-ghost UL {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #b0b0b0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #b0b0b0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #b0b0b0; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #b0b0b0
}
.x-grid-panel .x-panel-mc .x-panel-body {
	BORDER-RIGHT: #d0d0d0 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: #d0d0d0 1px solid; =
BORDER-LEFT: #d0d0d0 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d0d0d0 1px solid
}
.x-btn-left {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/button/btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-btn-right {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/button/btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-btn-center {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/button/btn-sprite.gif)
}
.x-border-layout-ct {
	BACKGROUND: #f0f0f0
}
.x-accordion-hd {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/panel/light-hd.gif)
}
.x-layout-collapsed {
	BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #e0e0e0; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #e0e0e0; =
BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #e0e0e0; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eee; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: =
#e0e0e0
}
.x-layout-collapsed-over {
	BACKGROUND-COLOR: #fbfbfb
}
.x-tip .x-tip-top {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-tip .x-tip-top-left {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-tip .x-tip-top-right {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-tip .x-tip-ft {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-tip .x-tip-ft-left {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-tip .x-tip-ft-right {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-tip .x-tip-bd-left {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-tip .x-tip-bd-right {
	BACKGROUND-IMAGE: =
url(/core/ext.ncbi/1/img/oldentrez/qtip/tip-sprite.gif)
}
.x-toolbar {
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BODY #subheader {
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TD.format-menu UL LI.selected {
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TD.sidebar-cell {
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}
DIV.cited-ref {
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}
DIV.section-content > DIV.p {
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DIV.pmlinks UL.links LI.ovfl {
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TD.sidebar-cell DIV.port {
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DIV.section-content > DIV.p {
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DIV.sec {
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}
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}
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}
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underline; outline: none
}
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UL.mb LI SPAN.delta {
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UL.mb LI.active-item UL {
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}
UL.mb LI UL.opened {
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UL.mb LI UL A {
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}
TD.content-cell {
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}
#Table3 {
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}
.col-watermark {
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}
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}
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------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CAD4DC.9F0D8F00
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Content-Location: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery-1.3.2.min.js

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------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CAD4DC.9F0D8F00
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Location: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/js/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js

/**=0A=
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------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CAD4DC.9F0D8F00
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'x0e54c':'m',=0A=
'x0e54d':'n',=0A=
'x0e54f':'p',=0A=
'x0e550':'q',=0A=
'x0e551':'r',=0A=
'x0e552':'s',=0A=
'x0e553':'t',=0A=
'x0e554':'u',=0A=
'x0e555':'v',=0A=
'x0e556':'w',=0A=
'x0e557':'x',=0A=
'x0e558':'y',=0A=
'x0e559':'z',=0A=
'x0e560':'A',=0A=
'x0e561':'B',=0A=
'x0e562':'C',=0A=
'x0e563':'D',=0A=
'x0e564':'E',=0A=
'x0e565':'F',=0A=
'x0e566':'G',=0A=
'x0e569':'J',=0A=
'x0e56a':'K',=0A=
'x0e56b':'L',=0A=
'x0e56c':'M',=0A=
'x0e56d':'N',=0A=
'x0e56e':'O',=0A=
'x0e56f':'P',=0A=
'x0e570':'Q',=0A=
'x0e572':'S',=0A=
'x0e573':'T',=0A=
'x0e574':'U',=0A=
'x0e575':'V',=0A=
'x0e576':'W',=0A=
'x0e577':'X',=0A=
'x0e578':'Y',=0A=
'x0e579':'Z',=0A=
'x0e580':'a',=0A=
'x0e581':'b',=0A=
'x0e582':'c',=0A=
'x0e583':'d',=0A=
'x0e584':'e',=0A=
'x0e585':'f',=0A=
'x0e586':'g',=0A=
'x0e587':'h',=0A=
'x0e588':'i',=0A=
'x0e589':'j',=0A=
'x0e58a':'k',=0A=
'x0e58b':'l',=0A=
'x0e58c':'m',=0A=
'x0e58d':'n',=0A=
'x0e58e':'o',=0A=
'x0e58f':'p',=0A=
'x0e590':'q',=0A=
'x0e591':'r',=0A=
'x0e592':'s',=0A=
'x0e593':'t',=0A=
'x0e594':'u',=0A=
'x0e595':'v',=0A=
'x0e596':'w',=0A=
'x0e597':'x',=0A=
'x0e598':'y',=0A=
'x0e599':'z',=0A=
'x0ea00':'1',=0A=
'x0ea01':'1',=0A=
'x0ea02':'2',=0A=
'x0ea03':'2',=0A=
'x0ea04':'3',=0A=
'x0ea05':'3',=0A=
'x0ea06':'4',=0A=
'x0ea07':'a',=0A=
'x0ea08':'a',=0A=
'x0ea09':'A',=0A=
'x0ea0a':'a',=0A=
'x0ea0b':'A',=0A=
'x0ea0c':'AB',=0A=
'x0ea10':'b',=0A=
'x0ea11':'B',=0A=
'x0ea12':'b',=0A=
'x0ea13':'B',=0A=
'x0ea14':'B',=0A=
'x0ea15':'B',=0A=
'x0ea16':'BC',=0A=
'x0ea19':'c',=0A=
'x0ea1a':'c',=0A=
'x0ea1b':'c',=0A=
'x0ea1c':'C',=0A=
'x0ea1d':'c',=0A=
'x0ea1e':'c',=0A=
'x0ea1f':'c',=0A=
'x0ea20':'c',=0A=
'x0ea21':'c',=0A=
'x0ea25':'d',=0A=
'x0ea26':'D',=0A=
'x0ea27':'d',=0A=
'x0ea28':'D',=0A=
'x0ea29':'d',=0A=
'x0ea2a':'D',=0A=
'x0ea2b':'D',=0A=
'x0ea2f':'dl',=0A=
'x0ea30':'e',=0A=
'x0ea31':'e',=0A=
'x0ea32':'l',=0A=
'x0ea33':'l',=0A=
'x0ea34':'f',=0A=
'x0ea35':'f',=0A=
'x0ea36':'F',=0A=
'x0ea37':'f',=0A=
'x0ea38':'F',=0A=
'x0ea39':'f',=0A=
'x0ea3a':'F',=0A=
'x0ea3d':'g',=0A=
'x0ea3e':'g',=0A=
'x0ea3f':'G',=0A=
'x0ea40':'g',=0A=
'x0ea41':'G',=0A=
'x0ea46':'H',=0A=
'x0ea47':'h',=0A=
'x0ea48':'h',=0A=
'x0ea49':'i',=0A=
'x0ea4a':'I',=0A=
'x0ea4b':'j',=0A=
'x0ea4c':'J',=0A=
'x0ea4d':'J',=0A=
'x0ea4e':'J',=0A=
'x0ea4f':'k',=0A=
'x0ea50':'k',=0A=
'x0ea51':'k',=0A=
'x0ea52':'K',=0A=
'x0ea53':'K',=0A=
'x0ea54':'k',=0A=
'x0ea55':'l',=0A=
'x0ea56':'L',=0A=
'x0ea57':'l',=0A=
'x0ea5b':'lnV',=0A=
'x0ea5c':'m',=0A=
'x0ea5d':'M',=0A=
'x0ea5e':'m',=0A=
'x0ea5f':'m',=0A=
'x0ea63':'n',=0A=
'x0ea64':'n',=0A=
'x0ea65':'N',=0A=
'x0ea66':'n',=0A=
'x0ea67':'N',=0A=
'x0ea68':'n',=0A=
'x0ea69':'n',=0A=
'x0ea6a':'N',=0A=
'x0ea6d':'nv',=0A=
'x0ea6e':'O',=0A=
'x0ea6f':'O',=0A=
'x0ea70':'O',=0A=
'x0ea72':'F',=0A=
'x0ea73':'p',=0A=
'x0ea74':'P',=0A=
'x0ea75':'p',=0A=
'x0ea76':'P',=0A=
'x0ea77':'p',=0A=
'x0ea78':'P',=0A=
'x0ea79':'p',=0A=
'x0ea7a':'P',=0A=
'x0ea8d':'q',=0A=
'x0ea8e':'Q',=0A=
'x0ea8f':'q',=0A=
'x0ea90':'q',=0A=
'x0ea91':'Q',=0A=
'x0ea92':'q',=0A=
'x0ea93':'Q',=0A=
'x0ea94':'q',=0A=
'x0ea95':'q',=0A=
'x0ea96':'q',=0A=
'x0ea97':'Q',=0A=
'x0ea98':'r',=0A=
'x0ea99':'R',=0A=
'x0ea9a':'R',=0A=
'x0ea9b':'r',=0A=
'x0ea9c':'R',=0A=
'x0ea9d':'R',=0A=
'x0ea9e':'r',=0A=
'x0ea9f':'R',=0A=
'x0eaa0':'r',=0A=
'x0eaa1':'ri',=0A=
'x0eaa2':'R',=0A=
'x0eaa3':'r',=0A=
'x0eaa4':'r1',=0A=
'x0eaa5':'RE',=0A=
'x0eaa9':'ri',=0A=
'x0eaaa':'rj',=0A=
'x0eaab':'rN',=0A=
'x0eaac':'s',=0A=
'x0eaad':'S',=0A=
'x0eaae':'S',=0A=
'x0eaaf':'s',=0A=
'x0eab0':'S',=0A=
'x0eab1':'s',=0A=
'x0eab2':'S',=0A=
'x0eab3':'S',=0A=
'x0eab4':'B',=0A=
'x0eab5':'E',=0A=
'x0eab6':'G',=0A=
'x0eab7':'P',=0A=
'x0eab8':'Q',=0A=
'x0eab9':'t',=0A=
'x0eaba':'T',=0A=
'x0eabb':'T',=0A=
'x0eabc':'t',=0A=
'x0eabd':'T',=0A=
'x0eabe':'t',=0A=
'x0eabf':'T',=0A=
'x0eac5':'TT',=0A=
'x0eac6':'u',=0A=
'x0eac7':'u',=0A=
'x0eac8':'U',=0A=
'x0eac9':'u',=0A=
'x0eaca':'u',=0A=
'x0eacc':'V',=0A=
'x0eacd':'v',=0A=
'x0eace':'v',=0A=
'x0eacf':'V',=0A=
'x0ead0':'v',=0A=
'x0ead1':'V',=0A=
'x0ead2':'v',=0A=
'x0ead3':'v',=0A=
'x0ead4':'V',=0A=
'x0ead5':'v',=0A=
'x0eadc':'w',=0A=
'x0eadd':'w',=0A=
'x0eade':'w',=0A=
'x0eadf':'x',=0A=
'x0eae0':'X',=0A=
'x0eae1':'x',=0A=
'x0eae2':'X',=0A=
'x0eae3':'x',=0A=
'x0eae4':'x',=0A=
'x0eae5':'X',=0A=
'x0eae6':'x',=0A=
'x0eae8':'y',=0A=
'x0eae9':'Y',=0A=
'x0eaea':'y',=0A=
'x0eaeb':'Y',=0A=
'x0eaec':'y',=0A=
'x0eaed':'y',=0A=
'x0eaee':'z',=0A=
'x0eaef':'Z',=0A=
'x0eaf0':'z',=0A=
'x0eaf1':'z',=0A=
'x0eaf2':'Z',=0A=
'x0eaf3':'z',=0A=
'x0eaf4':'z',=0A=
'x0eafc':'B',=0A=
'x0eaff':'A',=0A=
'x0eb04':'w',=0A=
'x0eb05':'m',=0A=
'x0eb06':'M',=0A=
'x0eb07':'E',=0A=
'x0eb08':'W',=0A=
'x0eb0a':'h',=0A=
'x0eb0b':'n',=0A=
'x0eb0d':'H',=0A=
'x0eb0f':'M',=0A=
'x0eb10':'m',=0A=
'x0eb11':'Z',=0A=
'x0eb12':'g',=0A=
'x0eb14':'C',=0A=
'x0eb15':'E',=0A=
'x0eb19':'W',=0A=
'x0eb1a':'a',=0A=
'x0eb1b':'b',=0A=
'x0eb1c':'S',=0A=
'x0eb1e':'J',=0A=
'x0eb1f':'b',=0A=
'x0eb20':'Z',=0A=
'x0eb21':'L',=0A=
'x0eb22':'g',=0A=
'x0fb00':'ffi',=0A=
'x0fb01':'fi',=0A=
'x0fb02':'fl',=0A=
'x0fb03':'ffi',=0A=
'x0fb04':'ffl'=0A=
    }=0A=
=0A=
// Called from many places to handle links.=0A=
// Params:=0A=
//     link:         URL. 'this' to reuse same window, else ""=0A=
//     windowname:   Reference name for window=0A=
//     additional:   Attributes for window.open, from:=0A=
//        width, height, resizable, scrollbars, toolbar, location, =
directories,=0A=
//        status, menubar, copyhistory.=0A=
// Notes: Book version always provides menubar, toolbar, etc.=0A=
//=0A=
function startTargetBook(link,windowname,width,height,additional)=0A=
{=0A=
    startTarget(link,windowname,width,height,additional)=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
//=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=
function startTarget(link,windowname,width,height, additional)=0A=
{=0A=
=0A=
    if(! window.focus)=0A=
        return;=0A=
=0A=
    var sizestring =3D ",width=3D" + width + ",height=3D" + height;=0A=
	var opt =3D =
"menubar=3Dno,toolbar=3Dno,status=3Dno,scrollbars=3Dyes,resizable=3Dyes,d=
ependent=3Dyes,location=3Dno";=0A=
    var allOptions =3D opt + sizestring;=0A=
    if (additional) { allOptions =3D allOptions + ',' + additional; }=0A=
=0A=
    windowname =3D String(windowname).replace(/-/g, "_")=0A=
    var moveToXDefault =3D 75=0A=
    var moveToYDefault =3D 50=0A=
=0A=
    var moveToX =3D moveToXDefault=0A=
    var moveToY =3D moveToYDefault=0A=
    var yAdj =3D 50=0A=
    var yAdjDelta =3D 25=0A=
=0A=
    var barNames =3D ['menubar', 'toolbar', 'statusbar']=0A=
    for (var idx in barNames)=0A=
    {=0A=
	if (String(allOptions).lastIndexOf(barNames[idx] + '=3Dyes') >=0A=
	    String(allOptions).lastIndexOf(barNames[idx] + '=3Dno'))=0A=
		yAdj +=3D yAdjDelta=0A=
    }=0A=
=0A=
    try {=0A=
        if (window.screen.width && width > 0)=0A=
            moveToX =3D Math.ceil((window.screen.width - width)) - 15=0A=
        moveToX =3D (moveToX > 0 ? moveToX : moveToXDefault)=0A=
=0A=
        if (window.screen.height && height > 0)=0A=
            moveToY =3D Math.ceil((window.screen.height - height)) - yAdj=0A=
        moveToY =3D (moveToY > 0 ? moveToY : moveToYDefault)=0A=
    }=0A=
    catch (e) {}=0A=
=0A=
    var wLeftTopCornerOptions =3D ',left=3D' + moveToX + ',top=3D' + =
moveToY + ',screenX=3D' + moveToX + ',screenY=3D' + moveToY=0A=
=0A=
    allOptions =3D allOptions + wLeftTopCornerOptions=0A=
=0A=
    w =3D window.open (link, windowname, allOptions)=0A=
    w.focus()=0A=
=0A=
    link.target=3Dwindowname=0A=
=0A=
    return false;=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
//=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=
function focuswin(windowname)=0A=
{=0A=
    windowname =3D String(windowname).replace(/-/g, "_")=0A=
    w =3D =
window.open("",windowname,"menubar=3Dyes,scrollbars=3Dyes,toolbar=3Dyes,l=
ocation=3Dyes,status=3Dyes,directories=3Dyes,resizable=3Dyes");=0A=
    w.focus();=0A=
=0A=
    return true;=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
//=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=
function reverseString (inStr)=0A=
{=0A=
    var outStr =3D ''=0A=
=0A=
    for (i =3D0; i <=3D inStr.length; i++)=0A=
    {=0A=
	outStr =3D inStr.charAt(i) + outStr=0A=
    }=0A=
=0A=
    return outStr=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
//=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=
function reverseAndReplaceString (inStr, findStr, newStr)=0A=
{=0A=
    return reverseString(inStr).replace(findStr, newStr)=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
//=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=
function initUnObscureEmail (className, innerHTML)=0A=
{=0A=
=0A=
    try{=0A=
        if (window.addEventListener)=0A=
            window.addEventListener('load', function() {unObscureEmail =
(className, innerHTML)}, false)=0A=
        else if (window.attachEvent)=0A=
            window.attachEvent('onload', function() {unObscureEmail =
(className, innerHTML)})=0A=
    }catch(e){=0A=
    }=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
//=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=
function unObscureEmail (className, innerHTML)=0A=
{=0A=
    try {=0A=
        if (typeof(unObscuredEmails) =3D=3D 'undefined')=0A=
            unObscuredEmails =3D new Array()=0A=
=0A=
        if (! unObscuredEmails[className])=0A=
        {=0A=
=0A=
            var elmnts =3D document.getElementsByTagName("span")=0A=
            for (var i =3D 0, len =3D elmnts.length; i < len; i++)=0A=
            {=0A=
                if (elmnts.item(i).className.indexOf(className, " ") =
!=3D -1)=0A=
                {=0A=
                    elmnts.item(i).innerHTML     =3D innerHTML;=0A=
                    unObscuredEmails[className]  =3D true=0A=
=0A=
                }=0A=
            }=0A=
        }=0A=
    }=0A=
    catch(e){=0A=
    }=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
//=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=
function pubMedDbLinkSubmit(control) {=0A=
    try{=0A=
        if (control.pubmedOption)=0A=
            control =3D control.pubmedOption=0A=
        if (control.options)=0A=
            location.href =3D =
control.options[control.options.selectedIndex].value;=0A=
    }=0A=
    catch(e){}=0A=
    return false;=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
//=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=
// elements "a", "area" with "ref" attribute report to redirect utility =
before dereferencing link=0A=
//=0A=
function initRedirectClicks(report_url) {=0A=
=0A=
    if (report_url && typeof jQuery !=3D 'undefined')=0A=
        jQuery(document).click(function(e) {=0A=
=0A=
            //=0A=
            if (!e) return true;=0A=
            //=0A=
            if (e.shiftKey || e.altKey || e.ctrlKey) return true;=0A=
            //=0A=
            var target =3D jQuery(e.target).closest("a[ref], area[ref]");=0A=
            if (!target || target.length =3D=3D 0) return true;=0A=
            //=0A=
            var ref  =3D target.attr("ref");=0A=
            var href =3D target.attr("href")=0A=
=0A=
            // special processing of href element for pubmed's authors=0A=
            if (typeof (href) !=3D 'undefined' && =
href.indexOf('sites/entrez') && href.indexOf('%5Bauth%5D'))=0A=
            {=0A=
                var newHref =3D replacePubMedUnsupportedChars(href);=0A=
                if (newHref !=3D href)=0A=
                    target.attr("href", newHref)=0A=
            }=0A=
=0A=
            // append ref with value of href if 'redirect-to-url' is =
missing in ref.=0A=
            if (typeof (ref) !=3D 'undefined' && =
ref.indexOf('redirect-to-url') =3D=3D -1)=0A=
            {=0A=
                ref =3D ref + '&redirect-to-url=3D' + =
encodeURIComponent(href)=0A=
                //=0A=
                jQuery.ajax({=0A=
                   type:    "HEAD",=0A=
                   url:     report_url + '?' + ref,=0A=
                   timeout: 1000,=0A=
                   async:   false=0A=
                });=0A=
            }=0A=
=0A=
            return true;=0A=
        });=0A=
};=0A=
=0A=
// function to replace unsupported charachters in author names to be =
searchable in PubMed database.=0A=
function replacePubMedUnsupportedChars (str)=0A=
{=0A=
    // replace low 128 chars automatically=0A=
    str =3D str.replace(/%26%23(x000[0-7][0-9a-f])%3b/ig,=0A=
        function($0, $1){=0A=
            return (String.fromCharCode('0' + $1))=0A=
        }=0A=
    )=0A=
    // replace others based on map and if it is not in the map replace =
with empty string.=0A=
    str =3D =
str.replace(/%26%23(x[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f])%3b/ig,=0A=
        function($0, $1){=0A=
            return (pubmedUnsupportedCharMap[$1] ? =
pubmedUnsupportedCharMap[$1] : '')=0A=
        }=0A=
    )=0A=
    return str;=0A=
}=0A=
//=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=
// Based on script written by Dean Edwards, 2005=0A=
// http://dean.edwards.name/=0A=
=0A=
var pmc_script =3D {=0A=
	addEvent: function(element, type, handler) {=0A=
		// assign each event handler a unique ID=0A=
		if (!handler.$$guid) handler.$$guid =3D this.addEvent_guid++;=0A=
		// create a hash table of event types for the element=0A=
		if (!element.events) element.events =3D {};=0A=
		// create a hash table of event handlers for each element/event pair=0A=
		var handlers =3D element.events[type];=0A=
		if (!handlers) {=0A=
			handlers =3D element.events[type] =3D {};=0A=
			// store the existing event handler (if there is one)=0A=
			if (element["on" + type]) {=0A=
				handlers[0] =3D element["on" + type];=0A=
			}=0A=
		}=0A=
		// store the event handler in the hash table=0A=
		handlers[handler.$$guid] =3D handler;=0A=
		// assign a global event handler to do all the work=0A=
		element["on" + type] =3D handleEvent;=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
		function handleEvent(event) {=0A=
			var returnValue =3D true;=0A=
			// grab the event object (IE uses a global event object)=0A=
			event =3D event || fixEvent(window.event);=0A=
			// get a reference to the hash table of event handlers=0A=
			var handlers =3D this.events[event.type];=0A=
			// execute each event handler=0A=
			for (var i in handlers) {=0A=
				this.$$handleEvent =3D handlers[i];=0A=
				if (this.$$handleEvent(event) =3D=3D=3D false) {=0A=
					returnValue =3D false;=0A=
				}=0A=
			}=0A=
			return returnValue;=0A=
		};=0A=
=0A=
		function fixEvent(event) {=0A=
			// add W3C standard event methods=0A=
			event.preventDefault =3D fixEvent.preventDefault;=0A=
			event.stopPropagation =3D fixEvent.stopPropagation;=0A=
			return event;=0A=
		};=0A=
=0A=
		fixEvent.preventDefault =3D function() {=0A=
			this.returnValue =3D false;=0A=
		};=0A=
=0A=
		fixEvent.stopPropagation =3D function() {=0A=
			this.cancelBubble =3D true;=0A=
		};=0A=
	},=0A=
=0A=
	// a counter used to create unique IDs=0A=
	addEvent_guid: 1,=0A=
=0A=
	removeEvent: function(element, type, handler) {=0A=
		// delete the event handler from the hash table=0A=
		if (element.events && element.events[type]) {=0A=
			delete element.events[type][handler.$$guid];=0A=
		}=0A=
	}=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
// =
*************************************************************************=
***=0A=
//  implementation of figure's popup using jQuery and =
jQuery.fn.hoverIntent lib=0A=
//  it set appropriate handlers for all "a" elements with "figpopup" =
class name.=0A=
// =
*************************************************************************=
***=0A=
if (typeof jQuery !=3D 'undefined' && typeof jQuery.fn.hoverIntent !=3D =
'undefined') {=0A=
    (function($j) {=0A=
        // =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D  hoverHandlers =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=
        var hoverHandlers =3D function  (opts) {=0A=
            this.config =3D {}=0A=
            this.self =3D this;=0A=
            this.__init(opts)=0A=
        }=0A=
=0A=
         $j.fn.extend(hoverHandlers.prototype,  {=0A=
                //=0A=
                __init: function(opts) {=0A=
                    $j.fn.extend(this.config, opts)=0A=
                },=0A=
                //=0A=
                over: function (el) {=0A=
                    var canvas =3D $j('.large-thumb-canvas', el)=0A=
                    var prnt =3D  canvas.parent();=0A=
                    var win =3D $j(window)=0A=
=0A=
                    //=0A=
                    if (canvas && prnt && win)=0A=
                    {=0A=
=0A=
                        // collect necessary coordinates from all =
intresting objects=0A=
                        canvas.coords =3D this._x_coords(canvas, =
'canvas')=0A=
                        prnt.coords   =3D this._x_coords(prnt,   =
'parent')=0A=
                        win.coords    =3D this._x_coords(win,    =
'window')=0A=
=0A=
                        // replace @src with value of @hires, because =
href hold high resolution image and src low one.=0A=
                        $j('img', canvas).attr('src',=0A=
                                function(){=0A=
                                    var hires =3D $j(this).attr("hires");=0A=
                                    return (typeof (hires) !=3D =
'undefined' && hires !=3D this.src)=0A=
                                            ? hires : this.src=0A=
                                }=0A=
                        )=0A=
=0A=
                        // make arrangement of canvas in the view port =
nearby parent element.=0A=
                        var cnvsRltvToPrnt =3D =
this._x_arrange_canvas(canvas.coords, prnt.coords, win.coords)=0A=
=0A=
                        // visualize the canvas with images.=0A=
                        canvas.css('top', cnvsRltvToPrnt.top + 'px')=0A=
                        canvas.css('left', cnvsRltvToPrnt.left + 'px')=0A=
                        canvas.css('display', 'block')=0A=
                    } // canvas=0A=
                }, // over=0A=
                //=0A=
                out: function (el) {=0A=
                    var canvas =3D $j('.large-thumb-canvas', el)=0A=
                    canvas.css('display', 'none')=0A=
                },=0A=
                //=0A=
                _x_offset:                     function(el, elname) {=0A=
                    var c =3D {}=0A=
                    if (el[0] =3D=3D window )=0A=
                        c =3D this._x_scroll(el, elname)=0A=
                    else=0A=
                        c =3D el.offset()=0A=
                    //console.info('%s.offset {top,left} =3D {%s, %s}', =
elname, c.top, c.left)=0A=
                    return c=0A=
                },=0A=
                _x_scroll:                     function(el, elname) {=0A=
                    var c =3D {top: el.scrollTop(), left: =
el.scrollLeft()}=0A=
                    //console.info('%s.scroll {top,left} =3D {%s, %s}', =
elname, c.top, c.left)=0A=
                    return c=0A=
                },=0A=
                _x_width:                     function(el, elname) {=0A=
                    var w =3D el.outerWidth() || el.width()=0A=
                    //console.info('%s.width      =3D %s; outerWidth =3D =
%s; width =3D %s', elname, w, el.outerWidth(), el.width())=0A=
                    //IE: alert(elname + '.width      =3D ' + w + '; =
outerWidth =3D ' + el.outerWidth() + 'width =3D ' + el.width())=0A=
                    return w=0A=
                },=0A=
                _x_height:                     function(el, elname) {=0A=
                    var h =3D el.outerHeight() || el.height()=0A=
                    // console.info('%s.height =3D %s', elname, h)=0A=
                    return h=0A=
                },=0A=
                _x_coords:                    function(el, elname) {=0A=
                    var size =3D { width: this._x_width (el, elname), =
height:  this._x_height(el, elname)}=0A=
                    var coords =3D {=0A=
                            scroll:  this._x_scroll(el, elname),=0A=
                            width:   size.width,=0A=
                            height:  size.height,=0A=
                            offset:  this._x_offset(el, elname),=0A=
                            size:    size=0A=
                        }=0A=
                    return coords=0A=
                },=0A=
                _x_get_rltv_coord:            function(trgtObj, baseObj, =
label) {=0A=
                    var c =3D {top: trgtObj.top - baseObj.top, left: =
trgtObj.left - baseObj.left}=0A=
                    //console.info("%s {top: %s, left: %s}", label, =
c.top, c.left)=0A=
                    return c=0A=
                },=0A=
                //=0A=
                _x_get_empty_space:            function(objCoords, =
objSize, viewPortCoords, viewPortSize, label) {=0A=
                    var objRelToViewPort =3D =
this._x_get_rltv_coord(objCoords, viewPortCoords, '_x_get_empty_space: =
for ' + label);=0A=
                    var c =3D {above: objRelToViewPort.top,=0A=
                             below: viewPortSize.height - =
(objRelToViewPort.top + objSize.height),=0A=
                             left: objRelToViewPort.left,=0A=
                             right: viewPortSize.width - =
(objRelToViewPort.left + objSize.width)}=0A=
                    $j.each(c, function(k, v){c[k] =3D (v < 0 ? 0 : v)})=0A=
                    //console.info("%s {above: %s, below: %s, left: %s, =
right: %s}", label, c.above, c.below, c.left, c.right)=0A=
                    return c=0A=
                },=0A=
                //=0A=
                _x_get_bigest_space_area_name: function(spaces, label) {=0A=
                    var sArr =3D [];=0A=
                    for (k in spaces){ sArr[sArr.length] =3D {k: k, v: =
spaces[k]} }=0A=
                    // sort in reverse order=0A=
                    sArr.sort (function(a,b){return ( a.v < b.v ? 1 : ( =
a.v > b.v ?  - 1 : 0 ) )})=0A=
                    // console.info('%s: %s', label, sArr[0].k)=0A=
                    return sArr[0].k=0A=
                },=0A=
                //=0A=
                _x_get_space_ratios:             function(spaces, =
viewPortSize, label) {=0A=
                    var ratios =3D {above: 0, left: 0}=0A=
                    if (viewPortSize.height > 0)=0A=
                        ratios.above =3D spaces.above / =
viewPortSize.height=0A=
                    if (viewPortSize.width > 0)=0A=
                        ratios.left =3D spaces.left / viewPortSize.width=0A=
                    // console.info('ratio: %s {above: %s, left: %s}', =
label, ratios.above, ratios.left)=0A=
                    return ratios=0A=
                },=0A=
                _x_arrange_canvas:                function(c_c, prnt_c, =
viewp_c) {=0A=
                // then calculate empty space areas around parent =
element of the canvas, which is ususally an anchor ("a" element)=0A=
                    var emptySpacesArndPrntInViewPort =3D =
this._x_get_empty_space (prnt_c.offset, prnt_c.size, viewp_c.offset, =
viewp_c.size, 'emptySpacesArndPrntInWinPort')=0A=
=0A=
                    // get the area name, where the most linear space =
avaiable=0A=
                    var areaName =3D =
this._x_get_bigest_space_area_name(emptySpacesArndPrntInViewPort, =
viewp_c.size, 'spacios areaName')=0A=
=0A=
                    // calculate the proportions of area to be taken by =
canvas in empty space area=0A=
                    // relativly to the parent element.=0A=
                    var ratios =3D =
this._x_get_space_ratios(emptySpacesArndPrntInViewPort, viewp_c.size, =
'ratios')=0A=
=0A=
                    // calculate parent's coordinates relative to view =
port=0A=
                    var prntRltvToViewPort =3D =
this._x_get_rltv_coord(prnt_c.offset, viewp_c.offset, =
'prntRltvToViewPort')=0A=
=0A=
                    // declare canvas relative coordinates=0A=
                    var cnvsRltvToPrnt =3D {top: 0, left: 0}=0A=
=0A=
                    // choose appropriate location for placing canvas.=0A=
                    // and choose the 1st element of an array as the one =
with the biggest area around parent of canvas.=0A=
                    // console.info ('place it at the %s', =
bigestEmptySpaceAreaName)=0A=
                    // calculations are relative to the left corner of =
the parent element of canvas. (it has to have the css property =
position:relative)=0A=
                    switch (areaName)=0A=
                    {=0A=
                        case 'above':=0A=
                            cnvsRltvToPrnt.top  =3D - c_c.height=0A=
                            cnvsRltvToPrnt.left =3D prnt_c.width * 0.5 - =
c_c.width * ratios.left=0A=
                        break;=0A=
                        case 'below':=0A=
                            cnvsRltvToPrnt.top  =3D prnt_c.height=0A=
                            cnvsRltvToPrnt.left =3D prnt_c.width * 0.5 - =
c_c.width * ratios.left=0A=
                        break;=0A=
                        case 'left':=0A=
                            cnvsRltvToPrnt.left =3D - c_c.width=0A=
                            cnvsRltvToPrnt.top  =3D prnt_c.height * 0.5 =
- c_c.height * ratios.above=0A=
                        break;=0A=
                        case 'right':=0A=
                            cnvsRltvToPrnt.left =3D prnt_c.width=0A=
                            cnvsRltvToPrnt.top  =3D prnt_c.height * 0.5 =
- c_c.height * ratios.above=0A=
                        break;=0A=
                    }=0A=
=0A=
                    // recalculate canvas' coordinates relative to =
parent into coordinates relative to view port.=0A=
                    var cnvsRltvToViewPort =3D {=0A=
                        top:  prntRltvToViewPort.top + =
cnvsRltvToPrnt.top,=0A=
                        left: prntRltvToViewPort.left + =
cnvsRltvToPrnt.left=0A=
                    }=0A=
                    //console.info("cnvsRltvToPrnt {top:%s, left: %s}", =
cnvsRltvToPrnt.top, cnvsRltvToPrnt.left)=0A=
                    //console.info("cnvsRltvToViewPort {top:%s, left: =
%s}", cnvsRltvToViewPort.top, cnvsRltvToViewPort.left)=0A=
=0A=
                    // adjust relative position of canvas to the window =
if calculated values=0A=
                    // are forcing canvas go out of view port=0A=
                    // next order should be preserved to keep left top =
corner visible always=0A=
=0A=
                    // adjust right side and move a bit to the left=0A=
                    if (cnvsRltvToViewPort.left + c_c.width > =
viewp_c.width)=0A=
                    {=0A=
                         var horAdj =3D c_c.width - (viewp_c.width - =
cnvsRltvToViewPort.left)=0A=
                         cnvsRltvToPrnt.left     -=3D horAdj=0A=
                         cnvsRltvToViewPort.left -=3D horAdj=0A=
                         //console.log('adjust right side and move to =
the left %spx', horizontalAdjustment)=0A=
                    }=0A=
=0A=
                    // adjust below side and move to the top=0A=
                    if (cnvsRltvToViewPort.top + c_c.height > =
viewp_c.height)=0A=
                    {=0A=
                        var vertAdj =3D c_c.height - (viewp_c.height - =
cnvsRltvToViewPort.top)=0A=
                        cnvsRltvToPrnt.top     -=3D vertAdj=0A=
                        cnvsRltvToViewPort.top -=3D vertAdj=0A=
                        // console.log('adjust below side and move to =
the top %spx', verticalAdjustment)=0A=
                    }=0A=
=0A=
                    // adjust left side and move to the right=0A=
                    if (cnvsRltvToViewPort.left < 0)=0A=
                    {=0A=
                        // console.log('adjust left side and move to the =
right %spx', -(cnvsLeftRelativeToWindowPort))=0A=
                        cnvsRltvToPrnt.left    -=3D =
cnvsRltvToViewPort.left=0A=
                        cnvsRltvToViewPort.left =3D 0=0A=
                    }=0A=
                    // adjust above side and move to the bottom=0A=
                    if (cnvsRltvToViewPort.top < 0)=0A=
                    {=0A=
                        // console.log('adjust above side and move to =
the bottom %spx', -(cnvsTopRelativeToWindowPort))=0A=
                        cnvsRltvToPrnt.top          -=3D =
cnvsRltvToViewPort.top=0A=
                        cnvsRltvToViewPort.top =3D 0=0A=
                    }=0A=
                    // console.info("cnvsRltvToPrnt adjusted {top: %s, =
left: %s}", cnvsRltvToPrnt.top, cnvsRltvToPrnt.left)=0A=
                    // console.info("cnvsRltvToViewPort adjusted {top: =
%s, left: %s}", cnvsRltvToViewPort.top, cnvsRltvToViewPort.left)=0A=
                    return cnvsRltvToPrnt=0A=
                }=0A=
        })=0A=
         // =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D  end of hoverHandlers =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
         // =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D  $j.fn.figPopup =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=
        function  hoverOverHandler  () {=0A=
            var h =3D new hoverHandlers();=0A=
            h.over(this)=0A=
        }=0A=
=0A=
        function hoverOutHandler () {=0A=
            var h =3D new hoverHandlers();=0A=
            h.out(this)=0A=
        }=0A=
=0A=
        $j.fn.figPopup =3D function(opts){=0A=
            var config =3D {=0A=
                interval:      500,=0A=
                timeout:       0,=0A=
                over:          hoverOverHandler, // handler onMouseOver=0A=
                out:           hoverOutHandler    // handler  onMouseOut=0A=
            }=0A=
            $j.extend(config, opts)=0A=
            return  config=0A=
        }=0A=
=0A=
        // =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D  end of $j.fn.figPopup =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=
=0A=
    }) (jQuery) // end of extention of jQuery with figPopup=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
    jQuery(document).ready( function () {=0A=
        var fp_cfg =3D new jQuery.fn.figPopup()=0A=
        jQuery('a.figpopup').hoverIntent(fp_cfg)=0A=
    });=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
// end of hoverIntent routines for figures' popups=0A=
// =
*************************************************************************=
***=0A=
//  implementation of ....=0A=
// =
*************************************************************************=
***=0A=

------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CAD4DC.9F0D8F00
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Location: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/js/noext.menu.js

if (typeof(noext) =3D=3D=3D 'undefined') {
   noext =3D {};=20
}

if (typeof jQuery =3D=3D=3D 'undefined') {
    throw new Error('noext.Menu: jQuery must be present');
}

// Constructor
noext.Menu =3D function (n, subMenuStyle) {
    this.n =3D n;
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: 'opened';
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    this.subMenu =3D this.firstLi.find('ul');
    this.subMenuItems =3D this.subMenu.find('li');
    this.init();
    noext.Menu.menuInstances.push(this);
};
noext.Menu.menuInstances =3D [];

noext.Menu.prototype =3D {
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        var that =3D this;
        this.subMenuItems.mouseover( this.hover); // do mouseovers for =
ie6
        this.subMenuItems.mouseout( this.unHover);
        this.n.click( function (event) { that.update(event);}); // =
update the menu
       =20
        jQuery(document).click( function (event) { =
that.closeAllSubMenus(event); }); // close other menus when we click one
    },
    update: function (e) {
            var t =3D jQuery(e.target);         =20
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            if (t.hasClass('first-link') ) {
                e.preventDefault();
            }

            var sm =3D this.subMenu;
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            this.closeOtherSubMenus(sm);
      =20
            var subMenuStyle =3D this.subMenuStyle;
           =20
            if ( !sm.hasClass(subMenuStyle)) {
                sm.addClass(subMenuStyle);
            } else {
                sm.removeClass(subMenuStyle);
            }
            e.stopPropagation(); // don't let default event occur =
(removeMenus from document.click)

           =20

    },
    hover: function () {
        jQuery(this).addClass('active-item');

    },
    unHover: function () {
        jQuery(this).removeClass('active-item');

    },
    closeOtherSubMenus: function (currentSubMenu) {
        // close all menu's submenus, that are different than currently =
clicked menu's submenu
        var subMenuStyle =3D this.subMenuStyle;
        currentSubMenu =3D this.subMenu;
        var menuInstances =3D noext.Menu.menuInstances;
        for (var i =3D 0; i < menuInstances.length; i++) {
            var menuInstance =3D menuInstances[i];
    =20
            if (currentSubMenu !=3D=3D menuInstance.subMenu && =
menuInstance.subMenu.hasClass(subMenuStyle)) {
                menuInstance.subMenu.removeClass(subMenuStyle);
            }=20
        }
    },
    closeAllSubMenus: function (event) {
        // for when user clicks on document
        var menuInstances =3D noext.Menu.menuInstances;
        for (var i =3D 0; i < menuInstances.length; i++) {
            var subMenu =3D this.subMenu;
            subMenu.removeClass(this.subMenuStyle);
        }
    }
};
// end of menu objecta


jQuery(document).ready( function () {
    jQuery('ul.noext-menu').removeClass('noext-menu-hidden').each( =
function () {
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});
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result=3DoEl.nextSibling;if(sTagName){var =
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this.containsNode(this.getParent(oEl));},getStyle:function(oEl,sStyleProp=
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if(document.defaultView&&document.defaultView.getComputedStyle){return =
document.defaultView.getComputedStyle(oEl,'').getPropertyValue(sStyleProp=
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text=3D"";if(window.getSelection){text+=3Dwindow.getSelection();}else =
if(document.getSelection){text+=3Ddocument.getSelection();}else =
if(document.selection){text+=3Ddocument.selection.createRange().text;}=0A=
return =
text;},selectRange:function(oEl,iStart,iLength){if(!(oEl&&oEl.value))retu=
rn;if(oEl.createTextRange){var =
oRange=3DoEl.createTextRange();oRange.moveStart("character",iStart);oRang=
e.moveEnd("character",iLength-oEl.value.length);oRange.select();}else =
if(oEl.setSelectionRange){oEl.setSelectionRange(iStart,iLength);}=0A=
oEl.focus();},getTextContent:function(oEl){return =
oEl.textContent;},getPlural:function(iN,sSuffix){if(undefined=3D=3DsSuffi=
x){return(iN>1?"s":"");}else =
if("y"=3D=3DsSuffix){return(iN>1?"ies":"y");}else{return(iN>1?sSuffix+"s"=
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convert '"+iDelta+"'";var =
sDir;iDelta=3DparseInt(iDelta);if(iDelta<0){sDir=3D" =
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sDir=3D" ago";var iS=3DparseInt(iDelta/1000);var =
iM,iH,iD;if(iS<60){x=3DiS+" =
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return x+sDir;},isEmail:function(sAddress){var =
filter=3D/^([\w-]+(?:\.[\w-]+)*)@((?:[\w-]+\.)*\w[\w-]{0,66})\.([a-z]{2,6=
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tr,sDelim){var res=3D{};if(undefined=3D=3DsStr)return res;var =
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return =
res;},Dump:function(oObj,iDepth){if(iDepth=3D=3Dnull)iDepth=3D1;var =
s=3D'';if(typeof(oObj)=3D=3D"object"){s+=3Dtypeof(oObj)+" {\n";for(var k =
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for(var i=3D0;i<iDepth-1;i++)s+=3D"  =
";s+=3D"}\n"}else{s+=3D""+oObj+"\n";}=0A=
return s;},jsLoader:{load:function(aScripts){var =
oS=3Ddocument.getElementsByTagName("script");for(var =
j=3D0;j<oS.length;j++){if(oS[j].src=3D=3D"")continue;this.oLoaded.push(oS=
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var =
sHost=3Ddocument.location.protocol+"/"+"/"+document.location.host;var =
sPath=3Ddocument.location.pathname;sPath=3DsPath.substring(0,sPath.lastIn=
dexOf("/"))+"/";var =
oHead=3Ddocument.getElementsByTagName("head")[0];for(var =
i=3D0;i<aScripts.length;i++){var =
sNewSrc=3Dthis.sBase+aScripts[i];if(sNewSrc.indexOf(":/"+"/")=3D=3D-1){if=
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var oS=3Ddocument.getElementsByTagName("script");var b=3Dtrue;for(var =
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if(b){document.write("<script src=3D'"+sNewSrc+"' =
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rHTML+=3Dtext;}else{var =
range=3Ddocument.createRange();range.setStartAfter(obj);var =
docFrag=3Drange.createContextualFragment(text);obj.appendChild(docFrag);}=
},replaceInHtml:function(text,obj){if(document.all){obj.innerHTML=3Dtext;=
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range=3Ddocument.createRange();range.setStartAfter(obj);var =
docFrag=3Drange.createContextualFragment(text);obj.appendChild(docFrag);}=
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obj.innerHTML=3D"<br/>"+sText;else=0A=
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newid=3Dnull;while(!newid||document.getElementById(newid)){newid=3D"XID"+=
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i=3D0;i<arguments.length;i++){var element=3Darguments[i];if(typeof =
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element=3Ddocument.getElementById(element);if(arguments.length=3D=3D1)=0A=
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elsLen=3Dels.length;var pattern=3Dnew =
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i].className)){oElements[j++]=3Dels[i];}else =
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function $AN(attrName,node,tag){var oElements=3Dnew =
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function $N(name,node){var =
oElements=3D[];if(node=3D=3Dnull)node=3Ddocument;var =
els=3Dnode.getElementsByName(name);for(i=3D0;i<els.length;i++){oElements[=
oElements.length]=3Dels[i];}=0A=
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debug=3Dfunction(){};debug.prototype=3D{constructor:function(){},enable:f=
unction(){},disable:function(){}};function Notifier(){this.oQuee=3D{};}=0A=
Notifier.prototype.setListener=3Dfunction(oListener,sMessage,fFunction,oN=
otifier){function =
x_setListener(oListener,sMessage,fFunction,oNotifier){for(var j in =
oThis.oQuee[sMessage]){if(oThis.oQuee[sMessage][j]=3D=3D=3DoListener){ret=
urn false;}}=0A=
if(!oThis.oQuee[sMessage]){oThis.oQuee[sMessage]=3D[];}=0A=
j=3DoThis.oQuee[sMessage].length;oThis.oQuee[sMessage][j++]=3D({obj:oList=
ener,fun:fFunction,ntf:oNotifier});return true;}=0A=
var oThis=3Dthis;if(utils.isArray(oListener)){for(var i in =
oListener){x_setListener(oListener[i],sMessage,fFunction,oNotifier);}}els=
e{return =
x_setListener(oListener,sMessage,fFunction,oNotifier);}};Notifier.prototy=
pe.Notify=3Dfunction(oNotifier,sMessage,oComment,oListener){var =
sAnyMessage=3D"*";for(var i in =
this.oQuee[sAnyMessage]){if(null=3D=3DoListener||this.oQuee[sAnyMessage][=
i].obj=3D=3DoListener){if(this.oQuee[sAnyMessage][i].ntf=3D=3Dnull||this.=
oQuee[sAnyMessage][i].ntf=3D=3D=3DoNotifier){if("function"=3D=3Dtypeof =
this.oQuee[sAnyMessage][i].fun){var =
fun=3Dthis.oQuee[sAnyMessage][i].fun;fun(this.oQuee[sAnyMessage][i].obj,o=
Comment,sMessage,oNotifier);}}}}=0A=
for(i in =
this.oQuee[sMessage]){if(null=3D=3DoListener||this.oQuee[sMessage][i].obj=
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ssage][i].ntf=3D=3D=3DoNotifier){if("function"=3D=3Dtypeof =
this.oQuee[sMessage][i].fun){if(this.oQuee[sMessage][i].fun(this.oQuee[sM=
essage][i].obj,oComment,sMessage,oNotifier)){return;}}}}}};Notifier.getIn=
stance=3Dfunction(){if(!Notifier.instance){Notifier.instance=3Dnew =
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return =
Notifier.instance;};Dispatcher=3DBase.extend({constructor:function(oRules=
,oHierarchy){this.init();},init:function(){this.oNotifier=3Dnew =
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ed=3Dfalse;this.submitChecking=3Dfalse;this._rules=3D{};},initDataExchang=
e:function(oRules){var oThis=3Dthis;var activenames=3DActiveNames;var =
i,j;var =
rulehash=3D{};activenames=3DActiveNames;this.submitOK=3Dtrue;this.submitR=
equested=3Dfalse;this.submitter=3Dnull;this.oRules=3DoRules;for(i=3D0;i<o=
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name=3DoRules[i].ename;rulehash[name]=3D(rulehash[name]||[]);rulehash[nam=
e][rulehash[name].length]=3DoRules[i];}=0A=
var =
links=3Ddocument.links;for(i=3D0;i<links.length;i++){initializeControl(li=
nks[i]);}=0A=
for(name in ActiveNames){var ctrl;var =
elems=3Ddocument.getElementsByName(name);for(i=3D0;i<elems.length;i++){in=
itializeControl(elems[i]);}}=0A=
for(var fname in =
this.dataExchangeFunctions){this.setListener(this,fname,this.dataExchange=
Functions[fname],null);}=0A=
function initializeControl(domCtrl){var thisName=3DdomCtrl.name;var =
j,oRule;if(!(thisName&&typeof =
activenames[thisName]!=3D=3D'undefined')){return;}=0A=
try{var =
sActionEvent=3DoThis.actionEventName(domCtrl);if(sActionEvent>""){if(rule=
hash[thisName]){oThis.addRule(oThis,sActionEvent,thisName,oThis.doDataExc=
hange,rulehash[thisName]);}=0A=
if(activenames[thisName]){oThis.addRule(oThis,sActionEvent,thisName,oThis=
.doSubmitAttribute,null);}=0A=
oThis.listenForEvents(domCtrl,sActionEvent);}}finally{}};},addRule:functi=
on(oThis,sEvent,sName,fFunc,oArg){var rules=3Dthis._rules;var =
ename=3DsName+"$"+sEvent;var =
i;if(typeof(rules[ename])!=3D'undefined'){for(i=3D0;i<rules[ename].length=
;i++){if(rules[ename][i].func=3D=3DfFunc){return;}}}else{rules[ename]=3D[=
];}=0A=
rules[ename][rules[ename].length]=3D{'thisptr':oThis,'func':fFunc,'arg':o=
Arg};},getRulesFor:function(sName,sEvent){return =
this._rules[sName+"$"+sEvent];},listenForEvents:function(domCtrl,sEventNa=
me){domCtrl._i_=3D(domCtrl._i_||[]);if(!domCtrl._i_[sEventName]){domCtrl.=
_i_[sEventName]=3D1;utils.addEvent(domCtrl,sEventName,this.handleAction);=
}},doDataExchange:function(eEvent,domTarget,oArg){var =
d=3DDispatcher.getInstance();var rules=3DoArg;if(!rules){return;}=0A=
for(var =
k=3D0;k<rules.length;k++){d.notify(domTarget,rules[k].m,rules[k]);}},doSu=
bmitAttribute:function(eEvent,domTarget,oArg){eEvent.preventDefault();eEv=
ent.stopPropagation();console&&console.info("Submitting request because =
submit attribute set");var =
realname=3DdomTarget.getAttributeNode("realname");realname=3Drealname?rea=
lname.value:null;if(domTarget.name||realname){this.setSubmitSource(realna=
me||domTarget.name);}=0A=
if(domTarget.name=3D=3D"p$ExL"){el=3Ddocument.getElementsByName('p$el');i=
f((typeof(el)!=3D'undefined')&&(el.length>0)){el[0].value=3DdomTarget.get=
Attribute("href");}}=0A=
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d=3DDispatcher.getInstance();var t=3Dthis;var =
i;if(t.tagName&&t.tagName.toLowerCase()=3D=3D'a'){e.preventDefault();e.st=
opPropagation();}=0A=
var =
realname=3Dthis.getAttributeNode("realname");realname=3Drealname?realname=
.value:null;if(this.name||realname){d.setSubmitSource(realname||this.name=
);}=0A=
d.submitCheckBegin();try{console&&console.info("Executing rule =
"+t.name+"."+e.type);var =
rules=3Dd.getRulesFor(t.name,e.type);for(i=3D0;rules&&(i<rules.length);i+=
+){var =
rule=3Drules[i];try{rule.func.call(rule.thisptr,e,t,rule.arg);}catch(err)=
{console&&console.error("Dispatcher.handleAction: rule failed: =
"+t.name+"$"+e.type+": =
"+err);}}}catch(err){console&&console.error("Error: handleAction: =
"+err);}finally{d.submitCheckEnd();}},actionEventName:function(t){var =
ttype=3D(t.getAttribute("type")||'').toLowerCase();switch(t.tagName.toLow=
erCase()){case'select':case'textarea':return'change';case'form':return'';=
case'input':if(ttype=3D=3D'text'){return'change';}}=0A=
return'click';},initHierarchy:function(oTree){if(!oTree||!oTree.name){ret=
urn;}=0A=
var =
sname=3DoTree.shortname||oTree.name.substring(1+oTree.name.lastIndexOf(".=
"));try{var =
c=3DPortal.Component.create(oTree.type,oTree.name,sname,this.oNotifier);c=
.realname=3DoTree.realname;}catch(e){console&&console.group&&console.grou=
p("Exception creating portlet =
"+oTree.name);console&&console.info("Message: =
"+e.toString());if(typeof(e)!=3D'string'){console&&console.group&&console=
.group("Details");console&&console.dir&&console.dir(e);console&&console.g=
roupEnd&&console.groupEnd();}=0A=
console&&console.group&&console.group("Trace")=0A=
console&&console.trace&&console.trace();console&&console.groupEnd&&consol=
e.groupEnd();console&&console.groupEnd&&console.groupEnd();}=0A=
if(oTree.children){for(var =
i=3D0;i<oTree.children.length;i++){this.initHierarchy(oTree.children[i]);=
}}},submit:function(){if(this.submitCheck()){if(xmlHttpCall&&xmlHttpCall.=
abortCalls){xmlHttpCall.abortCalls();}=0A=
document.forms[0]._submit();}},submitCheck:function(){var =
oThis=3Dthis;var =
thisForm=3Ddocument.forms[0];this.submitOK=3Dtrue;this.vetoWhy=3Dnull;thi=
s.notify(this,"portal$beforesubmit",{form:thisForm},null);return =
this.submitOK;},veto:function(whydata){this.submitOK=3Dfalse;this.vetoWhy=
=3Dwhydata;},isVetoed:function(){return!this.submitOK;},setSubmitSource:f=
unction(sourceName){var =
el=3Ddocument.getElementsByName('p$a');if((typeof(el)!=3D'undefined')&&(e=
l.length>0)){if(typeof(sourceName)=3D=3D'undefined'){console&&console.war=
n("Warning: Can't identify submitter: using =
p$a=3D''");}else{el[0].value=3DsourceName;}}},getSrcDst:function(oRule,oN=
otifierObj){function x_FindObj(name,sid){var oResult=3D[];var =
oControls=3D$N(name);for(var =
i=3D0;i<oControls.length;i++){if("*"=3D=3Dsid||oControls[i].getAttribute(=
"sid")=3D=3Dsid){oResult[oResult.length]=3DoControls[i];}}=0A=
return oResult;}=0A=
var oThis=3Dthis;var name=3DoRule.sname;var =
sid=3DoRule.ssid;if("#"=3D=3Dname){name=3DoRule.ename;}=0A=
if("#"=3D=3Dsid){sid=3DoRule.esid;sid=3DoNotifierObj.getAttribute("sid");=
}=0A=
var =
oSrc=3Dx_FindObj(name,sid);name=3DoRule.dname;sid=3DoRule.dsid;if("#"=3D=3D=
name){name=3DoRule.ename;}=0A=
if("#"=3D=3Dsid){sid=3DoRule.esid;sid=3DoNotifierObj.getAttribute("sid");=
}=0A=
var =
oDst=3Dx_FindObj(name,sid);return{src:oSrc,dst:oDst};},setListener:functi=
on(oListener,sMessage,fFunction,oNotifier){return =
this.oNotifier.setListener(oListener,sMessage,fFunction,oNotifier);},noti=
fy:function(oNotifier,sMessage,oComment,oListener){return =
this.oNotifier.Notify(oNotifier,sMessage,oComment,oListener);},dataExchan=
geFunctions:{CopyValue:function(oListener,oRule,sMessage,oNotifierObj){va=
r dispatcher=3DoListener;var =
oSrcDst=3Ddispatcher.getSrcDst(oRule,oNotifierObj);for(var =
j=3D0;j<oSrcDst.dst.length;j++){for(var =
i=3D0;i<oSrcDst.src.length;i++){oSrcDst.dst[j].value=3DoSrcDst.src[i].val=
ue;}}},AddValue:function(oListener,oRule,sMessage,oNotifierObj){var =
dispatcher=3DoListener;var =
oSrcDst=3Ddispatcher.getSrcDst(oRule,oNotifierObj);for(var =
j=3D0;j<oSrcDst.dst.length;j++){for(var =
i=3D0;i<oSrcDst.src.length;i++){oSrcDst.dst[j].value+=3D(oSrcDst.dst[j].v=
alue>""?", =
":"")+oSrcDst.src[i].value;}}},SetValue:function(oListener,oRule,sMessage=
,oNotifierObj){var dispatcher=3DoListener;var =
oSrcDst=3Ddispatcher.getSrcDst(oRule,oNotifierObj);for(var =
j=3D0;j<oSrcDst.dst.length;j++){var =
dst=3DoSrcDst.dst[j];if(Dispatcher.isCheckable(dst)){dst.checked=3DoRule.=
p[0];}else{dst.value=3DoRule.p[0];}}},ItemToList:function(oListener,oRule=
,sMessage,oNotifierObj){var dispatcher=3DoListener;var =
oSrcDst=3Ddispatcher.getSrcDst(oRule,oNotifierObj);for(var =
j=3D0;j<oSrcDst.dst.length;j++){var dst=3DoSrcDst.dst[j];var =
dstval=3Ddst.value.replace(/^\s+/,"").replace(/\s+$/,"");var =
dstItems=3Ddstval.split(/\s*,\s*/).filter(function(s){return =
s!=3D=3D"";});for(var i=3D0;i<oSrcDst.src.length;i++){var =
src=3DoSrcDst.src[i];var sc=3DDispatcher.isCheckable(src);var =
checked=3D(sc?src.checked:(src.value!=3D=3D""));var =
position=3DdstItems.indexOf(src.value);if(checked&&position<0){dstItems[d=
stItems.length]=3Dsrc.value;}=0A=
if(!checked&&position>=3D0){dstItems.splice(position,1);}}=0A=
dst.value=3DdstItems.join(", =
");}},PropertyToValue:function(oListener,oRule,sMessage,oNotifierObj){var=
 dispatcher=3DoListener;var =
oSrcDst=3Ddispatcher.getSrcDst(oRule,oNotifierObj);for(var =
j=3D0;j<oSrcDst.dst.length;j++){for(var =
i=3D0;i<oSrcDst.src.length;i++){oSrcDst.dst[j].value=3DoSrcDst.src[i].get=
Attribute(oRule.p[0]);}}},PropertyToList:function(oListener,oRule,sMessag=
e,oNotifierObj){var dispatcher=3DoListener;var =
oSrcDst=3Ddispatcher.getSrcDst(oRule,oNotifierObj);for(var =
j=3D0;j<oSrcDst.dst.length;j++){var dst=3DoSrcDst.dst[j];var o=3D{};var =
values=3D[];var propname=3DoRule.p[0];for(var =
i=3D0;i<oSrcDst.src.length;i++){var src=3DoSrcDst.src[i];var =
prop=3Dsrc.getAttribute(propname);if(!prop){continue;}=0A=
var =
sc=3DDispatcher.isCheckable(src);if(sc?src.checked:(prop&&prop!=3D=3D""))=
{if(!o[prop]){values[values.length]=3Dprop;}=0A=
o[prop]=3D1;}}=0A=
dst.value=3Dvalues.join(", =
");}}},requestSubmit:function(src){console&&console.info("Request =
submitted");this.submitter=3Dsrc;this.submitRequested=3Dtrue;},submitChec=
kBegin:function(){if(this.submitChecking){throw"ERRINTERNAL: recursive =
submit check";}=0A=
this.submitChecking=3Dtrue;this.submitter=3Dnull;this.submitRequested=3Df=
alse;},submitCheckEnd:function(){if(this.submitRequested){this.submit();}=0A=
this.submitChecking=3Dfalse;this.submitter=3Dnull;this.submitRequested=3D=
false;}},{_instance:null,getInstance:function(){return =
Dispatcher._instance||(Dispatcher._instance=3Dnew =
Dispatcher());},onload:function(){var sc=3D"Create components";var =
si=3D"Initialize components";var =
d=3DDispatcher.getInstance();d.initHierarchy(objHierarchy);d.initDataExch=
ange(ObjectLinks);d.setListener(d,'portal$vetosubmit',function(dst,data,m=
essage,src){d.veto(data);},null);var =
theForm=3Ddocument.forms[0];if(theForm&&!theForm._submit){theForm._submit=
=3DtheForm.submit;theForm.submit=3Dfunction(){Dispatcher.getInstance().re=
questSubmit();};}},isCheckbox:function(node){var =
t=3Dnode.getAttribute("type");return =
t&&(t.toLowerCase()=3D=3D"checkbox");},isRadio:function(node){var =
t=3Dnode.getAttribute("type");return =
t&&(t.toLowerCase()=3D=3D"radio");},isCheckable:function(node){return =
this.isRadio(node)||this.isCheckbox(node);}});utils.addEvent(window,"load=
",Dispatcher.onload,false);Portal=3DBase.extend({constructor:function(){t=
his.init();},init:function(){}},{_instance:null,getInstance:function(){re=
turn Portal._instance||(Portal._instance=3Dnew =
Portal());},requestSubmit:function(){Dispatcher.getInstance().requestSubm=
it();},$send:function(sMessage,oData,oDst){var =
d=3DDispatcher.getInstance();d.submitCheckBegin();d.notify(null,sMessage,=
oData,oDst);d.submitCheckEnd();}});Portal.Component=3DBase.extend({constr=
uctor:function(path,name,notifier){this.init(path,name,notifier);},init:f=
unction(path,name,notifier){this.name=3Dname;this.path=3Dpath;this.notifi=
er=3Dnotifier;if(this.listen){var msg;var isEvent=3Dnew =
RegExp(/^([^<]+)<([^>]+)>/);var m;var =
d=3DDispatcher.getInstance();for(msg in =
this.listen){m=3DisEvent.exec(msg);if(m){this.addEvent(m[1],m[2],this.lis=
ten[msg],false);}else{this._listen(msg,this.listen[msg],null);}}}=0A=
if(this.send){for(msg in =
this.send){if(this.send[msg]=3D=3Dnull){this.send[msg]=3Dthis.makeSender(=
this,msg);}}}},makeSender:function(sender,msg){return =
function(obj){return =
sender._send(msg,obj,null);};},getValue:function(attr){var =
prop=3Dnull;var ix;if(typeof =
attr=3D=3D=3D"object"){prop=3Dattr.prop;attr=3Dattr.attr;}=0A=
else =
if((ix=3Dattr.indexOf(":"))>=3D0){prop=3Dattr.substring(ix+1);attr=3Dattr=
.substring(0,ix);}=0A=
var inp=3Dthis.getInputs(attr);if(!inp){return null;}=0A=
if(inp.length=3D=3D1){inp=3Dinp[0];return(prop&&prop.toLowerCase()!=3D=3D=
"value")?inp.getAttribute(prop):htmlutils.getValue(inp);}=0A=
var result=3D[];for(var =
i=3D0;i<inp.length;i++){if(prop&&prop.toLowerCase()!=3D=3D"value"){if(typ=
eof(inp[i][prop])!=3D'undefined'){result[result.length]=3Dinp[i][prop];}e=
lse{result[result.length]=3Dinp[i].getAttribute(prop);}}else{result[resul=
t.length]=3Dhtmlutils.getValue(inp[i]);}}=0A=
return result;},getList:function(attr){var ix;var =
prop=3Dnull;if((ix=3Dattr.indexOf(":"))>=3D0){prop=3Dattr.substring(ix+1)=
;attr=3Dattr.substring(0,ix);}=0A=
if(prop){throw"UNIMPLEMENTED: Component.getList: Getting list by =
property";}=0A=
var inp=3Dthis.getInputs(attr);if(!inp){return null;}=0A=
if(inp.length=3D=3D1){inp=3Dinp[0];return htmlutils.getList(inp);}=0A=
var result=3D[];for(var =
i=3D0;i<inp.length;i++){result[result.length]=3Dhtmlutils.getList(inp[i])=
;}=0A=
return result;},setValue:function(attr,value){var prop=3Dnull;var =
ix;if((ix=3Dattr.indexOf(":"))>=3D0){prop=3Dattr.substring(ix+1);attr=3Da=
ttr.substring(0,ix);}=0A=
var =
inp=3Dthis.getInputs(attr);if(inp.length=3D=3D1){inp=3Dinp[0];if(prop){if=
(typeof(inp[prop])!=3D'undefined'){inp[prop]=3Dvalue;}else{inp.setAttribu=
te(prop,value);}}else{inp.value=3Dvalue;}}else{throw"UNIMPLEMENTED: =
Cannot (yet) set vector values from =
scalar";}},getInputs:function(name){var =
inp=3Ddocument.getElementsByName(this.path+"."+name);if(!inp||inp.length=3D=
=3D=3D0){inp=3Dnull;}=0A=
return inp;},getInput:function(name){var =
inp=3Dthis.getInputs(name);return((inp&&inp.length>0)?inp[0]:null);},has:=
function(attrname){var =
inp=3Ddocument.getElementsByName(this.path+"."+attrname);return(inp&&(inp=
.length>0));},addEvent:function(inputName,eventName,f,flag){var =
inputs;var =
oThis=3Dthis;if(typeof(inputName)=3D=3D'string'){inputs=3Dthis.getInputs(=
inputName);}else =
if(utils.isArray(inputName)){inputs=3DinputName;}else{inputs=3D[inputName=
];}=0A=
if(!inputs){console&&console.warn("Can't find: "+inputName);return;}=0A=
var =
d=3DDispatcher.getInstance();for(i=3D0;i<inputs.length;i++){d.addRule(oTh=
is,eventName,inputs[i].name,f,null);d.listenForEvents(inputs[i],eventName=
);}=0A=
return;},removeEvent:function(inputName,eventName,f,flag){var =
inputs=3Dthis.getInputs(inputName);for(var =
i=3D0;inputs&&(i<inputs.length);i++){utils.removeEvent(inputs[i],eventNam=
e,f,flag);}},iListen:0,iNextListen:function(){return"L$"+this.iListen++;}=
,_listen:function(sMessage,fFunction,sSource){var oThis=3Dthis;var =
fName=3Dthis.iNextListen()+"$"+sMessage;this[fName]=3DfFunction;var =
d=3DDispatcher.getInstance();d.setListener(oThis,sMessage,function(dst,da=
ta,message,src){oThis[fName](message,data,src);},sSource);},_send:functio=
n(sMessage,oData,oDst){var =
d=3DDispatcher.getInstance();d.notify(this,sMessage,oData,oDst);},getMeta=
Data:function(){var =
result=3D{};result.listensFor=3D[];if(this.listen){for(var msg in =
this.listen){result.listensFor[result.listensFor.length]=3Dmsg;}}=0A=
result.sends=3D[];if(this.send){for(msg in =
this.send){result.sends[result.sends.length]=3Dmsg;}}=0A=
result.attributes=3D[];for(var attr in =
this.getAttributes()){result.attributes[result.attributes.length]=3Dattr;=
}=0A=
return =
result;}},{$i:{},$$i:{},create:function(type,path,cname,notifier){var =
p=3DPortal.Component.$i;var pelem=3Dpath.split(".");for(var =
i=3D0;i<pelem.length-1;i++){p=3Dp[pelem[i]];}=0A=
var =
sname=3Dpath.substring(1+path.lastIndexOf("."));if(typeof(Portal[type])=3D=
=3D'undefined'){throw("No such portlet type: "+type);}=0A=
if(typeof(Portal[type][sname])=3D=3D'undefined'){p[sname]=3Dnew =
Portal[type](path,cname,notifier);}else{try{p[sname]=3Dnew =
Portal[type][sname](path,cname,notifier);}catch(e){console&&console.error=
("Creating Portlet."+type+"."+sname+": "+e.message);throw e;}}=0A=
var =
l;if(!(l=3DPortal.Component.$$i[sname])){l=3DPortal.Component.$$i[sname]=3D=
[];}=0A=
l[l.length]=3Dp[cname];if(p[cname].beforesubmit){var =
d=3DDispatcher.getInstance();var =
oThis=3Dthis;d.setListener(oThis,"portal$beforesubmit",function(dst,data,=
message,src){var =
whydata=3Dp[cname].beforesubmit();if(typeof(whydata)=3D=3D'boolean'){retu=
rn whydata;}else =
if(typeof(whydata)=3D=3D'object'){d.notify(this,'portal$vetosubmit',whyda=
ta,null);return true;}=0A=
throw cname+".beforesubmit: returned "+typeof(whydata);},null);}=0A=
return p[cname];},get:function(path){return =
eval("Portal.Component.$i."+path);},getByShortName:function(name){return =
eval("Portal.Component.$$i."+name);},classExists:function(name){return(ty=
peof(Portal.Component[name])!=3D"undefined");},instanceExists:function(pa=
th){try{eval("Portal.Component.$i"+path);return true;}catch(e){}=0A=
return =
false;}});Portal.Layout=3DPortal.Component.extend({constructor:function(p=
ath,name,notifier){this.base(path,name,notifier);}});Portal.Cluster=3DPor=
tal.Component.extend({constructor:function(path,name,notifier){this.base(=
path,name,notifier);}});Portal.Portlet=3DPortal.Component.extend({getAttr=
ibutes:function(){var t=3Ddocument.getElementsByTagName("input");var =
result=3D{};var pathlen=3Dthis.path.length;for(var =
i=3D0;i<t.length;i++){var it=3Dt[i];var =
itn=3Dit.getAttribute("name");if(!itn){continue;}=0A=
var prefixlen=3Ditn.lastIndexOf(".");var =
samePrefix=3D(itn.substring(0,this.path.length)=3D=3Dthis.path);if((prefi=
xlen=3D=3Dpathlen)&&samePrefix){result[itn.substring(1+prefixlen)]=3Dit.v=
alue;}}=0A=
return result;}});$PI=3Dfunction(path){return =
Portal.Component.get(path);};$PN=3Dfunction(name){var =
c=3DPortal.Component.getByShortName(name);if(typeof(c)=3D=3D"undefined"){=
return null;}=0A=
return(c.length=3D=3D1)?c[0]:c;};htmlutils=3D{accessors:{select:{getValue=
:function(node){return this.getList(node).join(", =
");},getList:function(node){var opts=3Dnode.options;var r=3D[];for(var =
i=3D0;i<opts.length;i++){if(opts[i].selected){r[r.length]=3Dopts[i].value=
;}}=0A=
return r;}},button:{getValue:function(node){var =
attrNode=3Dnode.getAttributeNode('value');return(attrNode!=3D=3Dnull)?att=
rNode.nodeValue:null;}}},getValue:function(elem){var =
v=3Dthis.accessors[elem.tagName.toLowerCase()];return =
v&&v.getValue?v.getValue(elem):elem.value;},getList:function(elem){var =
v=3Dthis.accessors[elem.tagName.toLowerCase()];return =
v&&v.getList?v.getList(elem):(elem.value?[elem.value]:[]);}};utils.addEve=
nt(window,"load",function(){Portal.getInstance();},false);
------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CAD4DC.9F0D8F00
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Location: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/portal/portalrc.fcgi/40595/js/15394/28968/29966/27166/30783/28669/27885/27590/29994/24519/29669/31945.js

//=0A=
//		 PAFAppResources: Initialize client side of Portlet Application =
Framework=0A=
//=0A=
=0A=
Portal.Portlet.PAFAppResources =3D Portal.Portlet.extend({=0A=
=0A=
   // In PAF, the form always posts to itself. It should update and =
interpret data, and=0A=
   // then *redirect* to another page if necessary.=0A=
   =0A=
   // This code fixes up the EntrezForm in PAF templates to =
automatically post=0A=
   // to the current window pathname.=0A=
   =0A=
   // If the programmer specifies a hidden input with =
id=3D"entrez-action",=0A=
   // that action (instead of POST) is used for the form.=0A=
   =0A=
   // If the programmer specifies a hidden input with =
id=3D"entrez-method",=0A=
   // that method is used for the form. =0A=
       =0A=
   // FIXME: This is a hack. EntrezForm should default to posting to =
same page,=0A=
   // and there should be some way of indicating how to post (or get) =
elsewhere.=0A=
   // The problem here is that we've mixed Entrez into PAF. This should =
be refactored.=0A=
   =0A=
   init: function(path, name, notifier) {=0A=
      var oThis =3D this;  // Use <oThis> instead of <this> for =
registering callbacks=0A=
      this.base(path, name, notifier);  // Call superclass constructor=0A=
      =0A=
      if (!document.forms[0]) return; // Do nothing if no form.=0A=
      =0A=
      var getNodeValue =3D function(id, dfl) {=0A=
         var node =3D $(id);=0A=
         return node ? node.value : dfl;=0A=
      };=0A=
      =0A=
      var entrezAction =3D getNodeValue('entrez-action', =
window.location.pathname);=0A=
      var entrezMethod =3D getNodeValue('entrez-method', null);=0A=
      var entrezSubmit =3D getNodeValue('entrez-submit', false);=0A=
      =0A=
      document.forms[0].action =3D entrezAction;=0A=
      =0A=
      // FIXME: We need to include query string here, too, I think... At =
least for POST...      =0A=
      if (entrezMethod) {=0A=
         document.forms[0].method =3D entrezMethod;=0A=
      }=0A=
=0A=
      // By default, entrez form ignores submits. Setting "entrezSubmit" =
to "true" means let Entrez form=0A=
      // actually process the submit. This probably will only work =
correctly for action=3D"get"       =0A=
      if (entrezSubmit) {=0A=
         document.forms[0].onsubmit=3D"return true;"=0A=
      }=0A=
   }=0A=
});=0A=
=0A=
// makes an ext js looking portlet w/o using extjs
if (typeof(noext) =3D=3D 'undefined') {
    noext =3D {};
}
noext.parseConfig =3D function(n) {
    var configStr =3D n.getAttribute('config') || '';
    try {
        var jsonObj =3D eval('({' + configStr + '})');
    }
    catch(e) {
        if (window.console) {
            console.error(e.message + ' in local config object in =
noext.Portlet: file: ' + e.fileName + ', line ' + e.lineNumber + '.' );
        }
    }
    return jsonObj;
};
noext.getClassArray =3D function(n) {
    var classNameStr =3D n.className;
    return classNameStr.split(' ');
};
noext.getFirstHeader =3D function(n) {
    var fc =3D utils.getFirstChild(n);
    if(fc.tagName.search(/^h\d/i) !=3D -1) {
        return fc;
    }
};
noext.Portlet =3D function(n, beenClassed) {
    this.n =3D n;=0A=
    this.beenClassed =3D beenClassed;=0A=
    if (!beenClassed) {
        this.headerNode =3D noext.getFirstHeader(this.n);
        this.headerDiv =3D document.createElement('div');
        this.bodyDiv =3D document.createElement('div');
        utils.addClass(this.bodyDiv, 'x-panel-body');=0A=
    }=0A=
    else {=0A=
        var divNodes =3D n.getElementsByTagName("div");=0A=
        for (var i =3D 0; i < divNodes.length; ++i) {=0A=
            var divNode=3D divNodes[i];=0A=
            if (utils.hasClass(divNode, 'x-panel-header')) {=0A=
                this.headerDiv =3D divNode;=0A=
            }=0A=
            else if (utils.hasClass(divNode, 'x-panel-body')) {=0A=
                this.bodyDiv =3D divNode;=0A=
            }=0A=
        }=0A=
    }
    var configObj =3D noext.parseConfig(this.n);
    this.collapsible =3D configObj.collapsible =3D=3D false ? false : =
true;=20
    this.closeable =3D configObj.closeable =3D=3D false ? false : true;=20
    this.collapsed =3D configObj.collapsed =3D=3D true ? true : false;
    if (this.collapsed =3D=3D true) {
        utils.addClass(this.n, 'x-panel-collapsed');
        this.bodyDiv.style.display =3D 'none';
    }
    this.make();
};

noext.Portlet.instances =3D [];
noext.Portlet.ready =3D function() {
    var nodes =3D $C('port', 'class', document, 'div');
    for (var i =3D 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
        var n =3D nodes[i];
        if (utils.hasClass(n, 'norender')) {
            continue;
        }=0A=
        // CFM:  If the top-level div already has the 'x-panel' class, =
then =0A=
        // assume that it has been completely "classed up".=0A=
        var beenClassed =3D utils.hasClass(n, 'x-panel');
        portlet =3D new noext.Portlet(n, beenClassed);
    }
}
noext.Portlet.prototype =3D {
    make: function() {=0A=
        var beenClassed =3D this.beenClassed;=0A=
        =0A=
        var toolCloseA, toggleA;=0A=
        if (!beenClassed) {
            // put a parent around body content
            //var innerContainingDiv =3D document.createElement('div');
            utils.addClass(this.n, 'x-panel');
            //this.n.style.width =3D 'auto';
            utils.addClass(this.headerDiv, 'x-panel-header');
            utils.addClass(this.headerDiv, 'x-unselectable');
            if (this.headerNode) {=20
                this.n.insertBefore(this.headerDiv, this.headerNode);
                var header =3D this.n.removeChild(this.headerNode);
            }
            toolCloseA =3D document.createElement('a');
            toolCloseA.setAttribute('href', '#');
            utils.addClass(toolCloseA, 'x-tool');
            utils.addClass(toolCloseA, 'x-tool-close');
            toggleA =3D document.createElement('a');
            toggleA.setAttribute('href', '#');
            utils.addClass(toggleA, 'x-tool');
            utils.addClass(toggleA, 'x-tool-toggle');
            if (this.closeable =3D=3D true) {
                this.headerDiv.appendChild(toolCloseA);
            }
            if (this.collapsible) {
                this.headerDiv.appendChild(toggleA);
            }
            if (this.headerNode) {
                this.headerDiv.appendChild(header);
                utils.addClass(this.headerNode, 'x-panel-header-text');
            }=0A=
        }=0A=
        else {=0A=
            // Find the close and toggle <a> elements, if they exist.  =
To do this, we=0A=
            // iterate through all the <a> children, looking for the =
right classes.=0A=
            var aKids =3D this.n.getElementsByTagName("a");=0A=
            for (var i =3D 0; i < aKids.length; ++i) {=0A=
                var aKid =3D aKids[i];=0A=
                if (utils.hasClass(aKid, 'x-tool-close')) {=0A=
                    toolCloseA =3D aKid;=0A=
                }=0A=
                else if (utils.hasClass(aKid, 'x-tool-toggle')) {=0A=
                    toggleA =3D aKid;=0A=
                }=0A=
            }=0A=
        }=0A=
        this.toolCloseA =3D toolCloseA;
        this.toggleA =3D toggleA;=0A=
        if (!beenClassed) {
            this.reParent();=0A=
        }
        this.setEvents();
    },=20
    reParent: function() {
        var bodyElems =3D [];
        utils.insertAfter(this.n, this.bodyDiv, this.headerDiv);
        for (var i =3D this.n.childNodes.length -1; i >=3D 0; i--) {
            var fc =3D this.n.childNodes[i];
            if (fc !=3D this.headerDiv && fc !=3D this.bodyDiv) {=20
                bodyElems.push(this.n.removeChild(fc));
            }
            for (var j =3D 0; j < bodyElems.length; j++) {
                this.bodyDiv.appendChild(bodyElems[j]);
            }
        }
    },
    setEvents: function(toggleA) {
        var that =3D this;=0A=
        if (this.toggleA) {
            utils.addEvent(this.toggleA, 'click', function(e) { =
that.toggle(e)});=0A=
        }=0A=
        if (this.toolCloseA) {
            utils.addEvent(this.toolCloseA, 'click', function(e) { =
that.close(e)});=0A=
        }
    },=20
    toggle: function(e) {
        utils.preventDefault(e);
        if (utils.hasClass(this.n, 'x-panel-collapsed')) {
            utils.removeClass(this.n, 'x-panel-collapsed')
            this.bodyDiv.style.display =3D 'block';
        } else {
            utils.addClass(this.n, 'x-panel-collapsed');
            this.bodyDiv.style.display =3D 'none';
        }
    },
    close: function(e) {
        utils.preventDefault(e);=20
        this.n.parentNode.removeChild(this.n);
    }
};

utils.addEvent(window, 'load', noext.Portlet.ready);
=0A=
// This 2.x branch of this file was to add a brief delay to the pop-up, =
but it=0A=
// was decided not to merge this change into the main trunk.  I.e. this =
branch=0A=
// is PMC specific.  See PP-207.=0A=
=0A=
Portal.Portlet.BriefLinkPageSection =3D Portal.Portlet.extend({

	init: function(path, name, notifier) {=0A=
	    console.info("Created BriefLinkPageSection");
		this.base(path, name, notifier);
        =0A=
        this.SetPortletName();=0A=
        if (Portal.Portlet.BriefLinkPageSection.portletname !=3D ''){=0A=
            Portal.Portlet.BriefLinkPageSection.portletname =3D "." + =
Portal.Portlet.BriefLinkPageSection.portletname;=0A=
        }=0A=
        =0A=
        this.CreatePopNodes();=0A=
       =20
	},=0A=
	=0A=
	SetPortletName: function(){=0A=
	    // derived portlet should override and provide portlet name;=0A=
	},=0A=
	=0A=
    popNodeDelay: 0,
=0A=
    CreatePopNodes: function(){=0A=
        var pop =3D cssQuery("div.brieflink div" + =
Portal.Portlet.BriefLinkPageSection.portletname + " ul");
        var poptype =3D pop[0].className;
       =20
        // when value is pop0
        if (poptype.match(/pop0/)){
            // no popnodes need to be created
        }
        // for all other cases try to create popnode
        else{
            // Create ElementPopper for each li.item
    		var elemid =3D "div.brieflink div" + =
Portal.Portlet.BriefLinkPageSection.portletname + " li.item";
    		var elements =3D cssQuery(elemid);=20
    	=09
    		// go through the list of elements
    		for (var i =3D 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
                var elem =3D elements[i];
                var content =3D "";=20
               =20
                // when value is pop1
                if (poptype.match(/pop1/)){
                    // create pop with title + desc
                    var linktext =3D cssQuery("a", elem);
                    if (linktext && linktext.length > 0){
                        content +=3D linktext[0].innerHTML + "<br/>";
                    }
                }
                // default case - when value is pop2 or anything else =
but pop3
                else if (!poptype || !poptype.match(/pop3/)){
                    // if visible content length is larger than 105, =
then show the entire text in popup,
                    // followed by any included link description.
                    var linktext =3D cssQuery("a", elem);
                    var note =3D cssQuery("p.note", elem);
                    var content =3D "";=20
                    var linklength =3D 0;
                    if (linktext && linktext.length > 0){
                       linklength +=3D linktext[0].innerHTML.length;
                    }
                    if (note && note.length > 0){
                       linklength +=3D note[0].innerHTML.length;
                    }
                    if (linklength > 100){
                       content +=3D linktext[0].innerHTML + "<br/>";
                    }
                } // end default case
	          =20
	          =20
                // add Description to pop node when it exists for all =
popnode cases	          =20
	            var desc =3D cssQuery("p.desc", elem);
                if (desc && desc.length > 0){
                   content +=3D desc[0].innerHTML;
                }
               =20
                // create popnode when content is present
                if (content && content.length > 0) {
                  var elemclass =3D elem.className;
                  if (!elemclass.match(/popnode/)){
                      elem.className =3D elemclass + " popnode";
                  }
                  //new ElementPopper(elem, content);
                  new ElementPopper(elem, {=20
                      content: content,
                      delay: this.popNodeDelay=20
                  });
                }
               =20
            } // end for=20
        } // end else=0A=
	} // end CreatePopNodes function
},=0A=
{=0A=
portletname: '' =0A=
=0A=
});=0A=
//=0A=
// Java Module PopDiv_JS=0A=
//=0A=
=0A=
//=0A=
// Shows and hides a div at a specific location, either (x,y), or =
relative to=0A=
// an element in a specific direction.=0A=
//=0A=
// Limitations:=0A=
//  - height or width must be set on the popper div, or it may not =
position correctly.=0A=
//=0A=
// You're probably better off using ElementPopper instead of PopDiv for =
hover pops. Popper handles mouse events=0A=
// correctly.=0A=
//=0A=
// Arguments:=0A=
//   divId: the id of the div to use for the popper. You can also pass a =
DOM node, and PopDiv will use that node.=0A=
//       The default is "popperDiv".=0A=
//   className: Add this className to the popper div. Optional--no =
default. This is useful for setting up default state.=0A=
//=0A=
// It's preferable to use a single PopDiv to render popups all over=0A=
// a single page. You only need as many PopDivs as the maximum number of =
popups you may=0A=
// ever have open at once. See ElementPopper for details.=0A=
=0A=
var PopDiv =3D function(divId, className) {=0A=
=0A=
   var innerdiv =3D null;=0A=
   =0A=
   // default is a string=0A=
   if (typeof(divId) =3D=3D 'undefined') {=0A=
      divId =3D "popperDiv";=0A=
   }=0A=
   =0A=
   // Find or make popper div=0A=
   if ((this.div =3D document.getElementById(divId)) =3D=3D null) {=0A=
   =0A=
      this.div =3D document.createElement("div");=0A=
      this.div.id =3D divId;=0A=
      this.div.className =3D "popper";=0A=
      if (className) {=0A=
         this.div.className +=3D " " + className;=0A=
      }=0A=
      document.body.appendChild(this.div);=0A=
      this.div.innerHTML =3D "<div class=3D'popperInnerDiv'/>";=0A=
   } else {=0A=
      utils.addClass(this.div, "popper"); // Be sure it has this=0A=
   }=0A=
=0A=
   // this.innerdiv is first element of this.div=0A=
   for (this.innerdiv =3D this.div.firstChild;=0A=
      this.innerdiv && this.innerdiv.nodeType !=3D 1;=0A=
      this.innerdiv =3D this.innerdiv.nextSibling) {=0A=
   }=0A=
   =0A=
   // If caller provided a div with no inner divs, add one.=0A=
   if (!this.innerdiv) {=0A=
       this.innerdiv =3D document.createElement("div");=0A=
       this.innerdiv.className =3D "popperInnerDiv";=0A=
       this.div.appendChild(this.innerdiv);=0A=
   }=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
PopDiv.POP_ABOVE =3D 0;=0A=
PopDiv.POP_RIGHT =3D 1;=0A=
PopDiv.POP_BELOW =3D 2;=0A=
PopDiv.POP_LEFT =3D 3;=0A=
PopDiv.POP_CLASSES =3D ['pop-above', 'pop-right', 'pop-below', =
'pop-left'];=0A=
=0A=
PopDiv.POPPED =3D 'popped';=0A=
PopDiv.POP_GETXY =3D 'pop-getxy';=0A=
=0A=
PopDiv.prototype =3D {=0A=
   // Show it at x, y=0A=
   showAt: function(html, x, y) {=0A=
=0A=
    //console.info("POP @ (" + x + ", " + y + ")");=0A=
    //console.info("----");=0A=
    =0A=
      // Set content if provided=0A=
      if (html) {=0A=
         this.innerdiv.innerHTML =3D html;=0A=
      }=0A=
=0A=
      this.div.style.left =3D x + "px";=0A=
      this.div.style.top =3D y + "px";=0A=
=0A=
      // Pop it=0A=
      utils.addClass(this.div, PopDiv.POPPED);=0A=
=0A=
   },=0A=
=0A=
   // Show it near element ("dir" indications direction)=0A=
   // Dimensions don't exist if element isn't shown.=0A=
   getXY: function() {=0A=
      var popped =3D utils.hasClass(this.div, PopDiv.POPPED);=0A=
=0A=
      if (!popped) {=0A=
         utils.addClass(this.div, PopDiv.POPPED);=0A=
      }=0A=
      var dim =3D utils.getXY(this.div);=0A=
      if (!popped) {=0A=
         utils.removeClass(this.div, PopDiv.POPPED);=0A=
      }=0A=
=0A=
      return dim;=0A=
   },=0A=
=0A=
   hide: function() {=0A=
      utils.removeClass(this.div, PopDiv.POPPED);=0A=
      if (this.popClass) {=0A=
         utils.removeClass(this.div, this.popClass);=0A=
         this.popClass =3D null;=0A=
         this.popnode =3D null;=0A=
      }=0A=
   },=0A=
=0A=
   // showBy shows a popper adjacent to another item.=0A=
   showBy: function(html, elem, dir) {=0A=
      var dx =3D 0;=0A=
      var dy =3D 0;=0A=
=0A=
      // Already popped over a particular popnode=0A=
      if (this.popnode && (this.popnode =3D=3D elem)) {=0A=
         return;=0A=
      }=0A=
      this.popnode =3D elem;=0A=
=0A=
      // Default direction=0A=
      if (typeof(dir) !=3D "number") {=0A=
         dir =3D PopDiv.POP_LEFT;=0A=
      }=0A=
=0A=
      // Set class "pop-<direction>": this determines margin=0A=
      this.popClass =3D PopDiv.POP_CLASSES[dir];=0A=
      //console.info("dir =3D " + dir +", popclass =3D " + =
this.popClass);=0A=
      utils.addClass(this.div, this.popClass);=0A=
      =0A=
      // Set text so that sizing is correct=0A=
      this.innerdiv.innerHTML =3D html;=0A=
=0A=
      // Get geometries of target and popper=0A=
      var thatdim =3D utils.getXY(elem);=0A=
      var popdim =3D this.getXY(this.div);=0A=
      //console.info("that =3D");=0A=
      //console.info(thatdim);=0A=
      //console.info("pop =3D ");=0A=
      //console.info(popdim);=0A=
=0A=
      // Calculate position=0A=
      switch (dir) {=0A=
      case PopDiv.POP_ABOVE: dy =3D -1*popdim.h;  break;=0A=
      case PopDiv.POP_LEFT:  dx =3D -1*popdim.w;  break;=0A=
      case PopDiv.POP_BELOW: dy =3D    thatdim.h; break;=0A=
      case PopDiv.POP_RIGHT: dx =3D    thatdim.w; break;=0A=
      default:=0A=
        throw "PopDiv: Invalid direction: " + dir;=0A=
      }=0A=
      //console.info("Popping at: [x=3D" + (thatdim.x + dx) + ", =
y=3D"+(thatdim.y + dy)+"]");=0A=
=0A=
      this.showAt(null, thatdim.x + dx, thatdim.y + dy);=0A=
   }=0A=
};=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
// An ElementPopper shows a popup adjacent to a target element when the =
user mouses over the target.=0A=
// It handles browser events and manipulates a popper to show and hide =
detail data.=0A=
//=0A=
// When the mouse cursor enters the target, the content appears in the =
popper nearby.=0A=
//  When the mouse cursor leaves the target, the popper is hidden.=0A=
//=0A=
// This rather intense event handling code is necessary because =
mouseover and mouseout doesn't work=0A=
// as expected--mouseouts occur when moving over child nodes. The =
"relatedTarget" trick described=0A=
// by PPK (quirksmode.org) doesn't work either, because browsers =
sometimes drop events=0A=
// with related targets. So the only option is to capture =
document.onmousemove, and detect when=0A=
// the mouse either exits document.body, or moves over something that is =
neither the target nor=0A=
// one of its children.=0A=
//=0A=
// "popnode" is the target node=0A=
// "content" is either a string (the content to show), a DOM node (show =
its innerHTML), or a function.=0A=
// "config" is configuration; if it's just a number, then it's =
"direction" (PopDiv.POP_*); otherwise, it's a JS object with =0A=
//     attribute/value pairs=0A=
// "popperId" is the ID to assign to the popper; default is to make one =
up.=0A=
//=0A=
// When used with Ext.Ncbi, the popper should initialize itself on the =
page a few hundred=0A=
// ms after the page loads. IE apparently creates a race condition where =
popper and Ext.Ncbi initialization=0A=
// throw away the event handlers on which ElementPopper depends.=0A=
//=0A=
// So in that case, instead of new ElementPopper(a,b), you want to do:=0A=
//     setTimeout(function() {new ElementPopper(a,b);}), 500);=0A=
=0A=
//=0A=
var ElementPopper =3D function(popnode, content, config, popperId) {=0A=
=0A=
    var that =3D this;=0A=
=0A=
    // Inner functions=0A=
    // If target is popnode or one of its children, returns popnode; =
otherwise, null=0A=
    function getPopTarget(target) {=0A=
       while (target && !utils.hasClass(target, "popnode")) {=0A=
          target =3D target.parentNode;=0A=
       }=0A=
       return target;=0A=
    };=0A=
=0A=
    // Use inner functions here because removeEvent requires a reference =
to the=0A=
    // function object passed to addEvent, and we need to use closure to =
maintain scope.=0A=
=0A=
    // Show popper and start tracking mouse motions=0A=
    var handlePop =3D function(e) {=0A=
       var target =3D getPopTarget(utils.getTargetObj(e));=0A=
       =0A=
       if (target) {=0A=
	       // If Ajax URL is supplied, then fetch URL.=0A=
	       //   If AJAX URL is a function, the URL is the return value of =
the function=0A=
	       //   Otherwise AJAX URL must be a string=0A=
	       // When AJAX call succeeds, pop up the content. If there's a =
contentFunction, the content is=0A=
	       // the result of applying the contentFunction to the AJAX return =
data; otherwise, it's just=0A=
	       // the AJAX return data itself.=0A=
	       //=0A=
	       if (that.url) {=0A=
	          var url =3D (typeof(that.url) =3D=3D 'function') ? =
that.url(target) : that.url;=0A=
	=0A=
	          jQuery.ajax({=0A=
	             cache: false,=0A=
	             'url': url,=0A=
	             success: function(data, textStatus) {=0A=
	                doPop(target, data, textStatus);=0A=
	             }=0A=
	          });=0A=
	       } else {=0A=
	          doPop(target);=0A=
	       }=0A=
	       =0A=
	       // Set up to listen for mouse out=0A=
	       // This is the node currently being handled; it's cleared when=0A=
	       // the user mouses out.=0A=
	       that.handlingNode =3D target;=0A=
	    =0A=
           utils.removeEvent(target, "mousemove", handlePop);=0A=
           utils.addEvent(document.body, "mousemove", trackMouse);=0A=
           utils.addEvent(document.body, "mouseout", trackMouse);=0A=
       }=0A=
    }=0A=
    =0A=
    var doPop =3D function(target, data, status) {=0A=
       =0A=
       // Pop, shift listener to document body=0A=
       if (target) {=0A=
          that.timer =3D setTimeout(function() {=0A=
             // If we're still waiting for a pop, do the pop.=0A=
             // We're only waiting for a pop when handlingNode is set.=0A=
             if (target =3D=3D that.handlingNode) {=0A=
                that.thePopper.showBy(that.contentFunction(target, data, =
status), target, that.direction);=0A=
             } else {=0A=
               // Ignore the pop request, because we're no longer =
interested in this pop.=0A=
             }=0A=
             that.timer =3D null;             =0A=
          }, that.delay);=0A=
=0A=
       }=0A=
    };=0A=
=0A=
    // Unpop, shift listener back to popnode=0A=
    var trackMouse =3D function(e) {=0A=
       var target =3D getPopTarget(utils.getTargetObj(e));=0A=
=0A=
       // If mouse left document.body, or the target's not over the =
popnode, hide.=0A=
       if (e.type =3D=3D "mouseout" || target =3D=3D null) {=0A=
          // Clear pop timer if it hasn't popped=0A=
          if (that.timer) {=0A=
             window.clearTimeout(that.timer);=0A=
             that.timer =3D null;=0A=
          }=0A=
          that.thePopper.hide();=0A=
          that.handlingNode =3D null;=0A=
          =0A=
          utils.removeEvent(document.body, "mousemove", trackMouse);=0A=
          utils.removeEvent(document.body, "mouseout", trackMouse);=0A=
          utils.addEvent(popnode, "mousemove", handlePop);=0A=
       }=0A=
    };=0A=
=0A=
    // END inner functions=0A=
=0A=
    //=0A=
    // ctor main=0A=
    //=0A=
     =0A=
    // Support new signature ElementPopper(element, {config...}); in =
that case, "content" is a config object,=0A=
    // all other arguments are ignored, and config.content must be set =0A=
    if (typeof(content) =3D=3D 'object') {=0A=
       config =3D content;=0A=
       content =3D config.content;=0A=
    }=0A=
    =0A=
    // If a content URL is defined (AJAX URL string or function that =
returns URL), remember it=0A=
    if (config && config.url) {=0A=
       this.url =3D config.url;=0A=
    }=0A=
    =0A=
    // If content is a string, make it a function that returns the =
string.=0A=
    // If it's a dom node, make it a function that returns the dom =
node's innerHTML=0A=
    // If content is undefined, then assume data is coming from AJAX =
callback=0A=
    if (typeof(content) =3D=3D 'undefined') {=0A=
       this.contentFunction =3D function(target, data, status) { return =
data };=0A=
    } else if (typeof(content) =3D=3D 'string') {=0A=
       this.contentFunction =3D function() { return content; }=0A=
    } else if (content.innerHTML) {=0A=
       this.contentFunction =3D function() { return content.innerHTML; }=0A=
    } else if (typeof(content) =3D=3D 'function') {=0A=
       this.contentFunction =3D content; // Better be a function...=0A=
    }=0A=
    =0A=
    // Backward compatibility: "config" arg used to be "direction", so=0A=
    // interpret it as "direction" if config is a number.=0A=
    // Otherwise parse out config info=0A=
    if (typeof(config) =3D=3D=3D 'undefined') {=0A=
       config =3D {=0A=
          direction: PopDiv.POP_LEFT,=0A=
          delay: 0=0A=
       }=0A=
    }=0A=
    =0A=
    if (typeof(config) =3D=3D 'number') {=0A=
       this.direction =3D config;=0A=
    } else {=0A=
       this.direction =3D (typeof(config.direction) !=3D 'undefined') ? =
config.direction : PopDiv.POP_LEFT;=0A=
       this.delay =3D config.delay || 0;=0A=
    }=0A=
    this.popperId =3D config.popperId || popperId || ("popper" + =
(ElementPopper.popIndex++)); =0A=
=0A=
    // Create the popper=0A=
    this.thePopper =3D new PopDiv(this.popperId);=0A=
    var popdiv =3D $(this.popperId);=0A=
    =0A=
    // FIXME: Is this necessary? I think it's maybe wrong!=0A=
    if (popdiv) {=0A=
       utils.addClass(popdiv, "popnode");=0A=
    }=0A=
=0A=
    // Get popnode if it's an id string=0A=
    if (typeof(popnode) =3D=3D 'string') {=0A=
        popnode =3D $(popnode);=0A=
        if (!popnode) {=0A=
           throw "ElementPopper: id not found";=0A=
        }=0A=
    }=0A=
    this.popnode =3D popnode;=0A=
    this.timer =3D null; // Only exists when waiting for a pop=0A=
    =0A=
    // When the user mouses over target, pop it up=0A=
    utils.addEvent(popnode, "mousemove", handlePop);=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
ElementPopper.popIndex =3D 0;=0A=
=0A=
ElementPopper.prototype =3D {=0A=
   setDelay: function(delay) {=0A=
      this.delay =3D delay;=0A=
   },=0A=
   getDelay: function() {=0A=
      return delay;=0A=
   }=0A=
};=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
 utils.addEvent(window, "load", function(){     =0A=
     theDEP =3D new DeferredElementPopper("rapopper", { =0A=
          content: function(node) { =0A=
               var c =3D cssQuery(".hidden", node);               =0A=
               if (c && c.length > 0) {=0A=
                  var label =3D (c[0].textContent || c[0].innerText); =0A=
                  var cit =3D getCitation(node);=0A=
                  label =3D "<p id=3D'htbpoptext'>" + label + "</p>";=0A=
                  if (cit && cit > ""){ // avoid "undefined" value=0A=
                      label =3D label + "<p id=3D'htbpcit'>" + cit + =
"</p>";=0A=
                  } =0A=
                  return label;=0A=
               }                =0A=
          }, =0A=
          direction: PopDiv.POP_LEFT, =0A=
          popperId: "ppPopper", =0A=
          delay: 0 =0A=
     }); =0A=
});=0A=
=0A=
Portal.Portlet.HistoryDisplay =3D Portal.Portlet.extend({

	init: function(path, name, notifier) {
		console.info("Created History Ad...");
		this.base(path, name, notifier);   =20
	},
=09
	send: {
      'Cmd': null
      //'Recording': null
    },  =20
   =20
    receive: function(responseObject, userArgs) {  =0A=
         var cmd =3D userArgs.cmd;
         var rootNode =3D document.getElementById('HTDisplay'); =0A=
         var ul =3D document.getElementById('activity');=0A=
         var resp =3D responseObject.responseText;=0A=
             =0A=
         if (cmd =3D=3D 'HTOn') { =0A=
            rootNode.className =3D '';    // hide all msg and the turnOn =
link=0A=
            try {=0A=
                // Handle timeouts=0A=
                if (responseObject.status =3D=3D 408) { =0A=
                    rootNode.className =3D 'HTOn'; // so that the =
following msg will show up=0A=
                    rootNode.innerHTML =3D "<p class=3D'HTOn'>Your =
browsing activity is temporarily unavailable.</p>";=0A=
                    return;=0A=
                }=0A=
                   =0A=
                 // Looks like we got something...=0A=
                 resp =3D '(' + resp + ')';=0A=
                 var JSONobj =3D eval(resp);=0A=
                 =0A=
                 // Build new content (ul)=0A=
                 var newHTML =3D JSONobj.Activity;=0A=
                 var newContent =3D document.createElement('div');=0A=
                 newContent.innerHTML =3D newHTML;=0A=
                 var newUL =3D newContent.getElementsByTagName('ul')[0];=0A=
                 //alert(newHTML);=0A=
                 //alert(newContent.innerHTML);=0A=
                 //alert(newUL.innerHTML);=0A=
                 // Update content=0A=
                 rootNode.replaceChild(newUL, ul);=0A=
                 //XHR returns no activity (empty ul), e.g. activity =
cleared=0A=
                 if (newUL.className =3D=3D 'hide')                    =20
                     rootNode.className =3D 'HTOn';  // show "Your =
browsing activity is empty." message=0A=
                 =0A=
            }         =0A=
            catch (e) {=0A=
                //alert('error');=0A=
                rootNode.className =3D 'HTOn'; // so that the following =
msg will show up=0A=
                rootNode.innerHTML =3D "<p class=3D'HTOn'>Your browsing =
activity is temporarily unavailable.</p>";=0A=
           }=0A=
         }=0A=
         else if (cmd =3D=3D 'HTOff') {                         =0A=
             if (ul !=3D null) { =0A=
                 ul.className=3D'hide'; =0A=
                 ul.innerHTML =3D ''; // clear activity=0A=
             }=0A=
             rootNode.className =3D 'HTOff';    // make "Activity =
recording is turned off." and the turnOn link show up             =0A=
         }=0A=
         else if (cmd =3D=3D 'ClearHT') {     =0A=
             if ( rootNode.className =3D=3D '') { //                 =0A=
                 rootNode.className =3D 'HTOn';  // show "Your browsing =
activity is empty." message                                  =0A=
                 if (ul !=3D null) {=0A=
                     ul.className=3D'hide'; =0A=
                     ul.innerHTML =3D '';=0A=
                 }=0A=
             }            =0A=
         } =0A=
        =20
    },
   =20
	listen: {
	  'Cmd' : function(sMessage, oData, sSrc){
			console.info("Inside Cmd in HistoryDisplay: " + oData.cmd);
			this.setValue("Cmd", oData.cmd);
	  },	 =20
	=09
      "HistoryToggle<click>" : function(e, target, name){
         //alert(target.getAttribute("cmd"));
         this.send.Cmd({'cmd': target.getAttribute("cmd")});        =20
         console.info("Inside HistoryToggle in HistoryDisplay: " + =
target.getAttribute("cmd"));
        =20
         var site =3D document.forms[0]['p$st'].value;
         var cmd =3D  target.getAttribute("cmd");    =20
              =20
         // Issue asynchronous call to XHR service, callback is to =
update the portlet output
	     var resp =3D xmlHttpCall(site, this.path, cmd, {}, this.receive, =
{'cmd': target.getAttribute("cmd")}, this);
      },=20
     =20
      "HistoryOn<click>" : function(e, target, name){
         this.send.Cmd({'cmd': target.getAttribute("cmd")});
         =
//$PN('Pubmed_ResultsSearchController').getInput('RecordingHistory').valu=
e =3D 'yes';		=20
         console.info("Inside HistoryOn in HistoryDisplay: " + =
target.getAttribute("cmd"));
               =20
         var site =3D document.forms[0]['p$st'].value;  =20
	     var resp =3D xmlHttpCall(site, this.path, "HTOn", {}, =
this.receive, {'cmd': target.getAttribute("cmd")}, this);
	     //Portal.requestSubmit();
      },
     =20
      "ClearHistory<click>" : function(e, target, name){
         this.send.Cmd({'cmd': target.getAttribute("cmd")});=09
         var site =3D document.forms[0]['p$st'].value;  =20
	     var resp =3D xmlHttpCall(site, this.path, "ClearHT", {}, =
this.receive, {'cmd': target.getAttribute("cmd")}, this);	=20
      }
    }
});

function getCitation(node) {
   // var withHistorys =3D cssQuery("*[title]", node); does not work!!!  =
=20
   var withTitles =3D $AN('title', node, '*');
   //alert(withTitles.length + " " + withTitles[0].tagName + " " + =
withTitles[withTitles.length-1].tagName);
   //alert(withTitles[1].getAttribute('title'));
   if (withTitles.length > 0) {     =20
      var p =3D withTitles[0];
      var s =3D p.getAttribute("title");
      if (s && s > "") {=20
          //alert(s);
          p.setAttribute("title", "");
          node._title =3D s;
          for (var i =3D 0; i < withTitles.length; i++) {
              withTitles[i].removeAttribute("title");   =20
          }
      }
      /*else { //fixed in utils.js        =20
          s =3D node._title; // required for IE b/c of the bug in $AN
      }*/
   } else {
      s =3D node._title;
      //alert("old s "+ s);
   }
   return s;
}=0A=
// Requires: ElementPopper_JS, EventDispatcher_JS=0A=
=0A=
//=0A=
// A DeferredElementPopper creates an ElementPopper on any node with a =
given className the first time the=0A=
// node receives a mouseover event. It collects all of the poppers it =
creates (in an array), and=0A=
// remembers the dispatcher rule that invokes the initialization.=0A=
//=0A=
// "content" is the same as "content" for ElementPopper (see which)=0A=
//=0A=
DeferredElementPopper =3D function(className, config) {=0A=
   var that =3D this;=0A=
   this.config =3D config;=0A=
   this.poppers =3D [];=0A=
   this.dispatcher =3D new EventDispatcher("mouseover", className, =
function(event, udata, dispatcher) {=0A=
         if (!this._popup_init) {=0A=
            this._popup_init =3D 1;=0A=
            that.poppers[that.poppers.length] =3D new =
ElementPopper(this, that.config.content, that.config);=0A=
         }=0A=
    });=0A=
    =0A=
}=0A=
DeferredElementPopper.prototype =3D {=0A=
   debug: function() {=0A=
     var s =3D "";=0A=
     for (var i =3D 0; i < this.poppers.length; i++) {=0A=
        var z =3D this.poppers[i];=0A=
        s +=3D i + ": ";=0A=
        s +=3D z.popnode.innerText + "(" + =
z.popnode.getAttribute("title") +"); ";=0A=
     }=0A=
     alert(s);=0A=
   }=0A=
};=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
//=0A=
// A EventDispatcher does a popup on demand based on a classname on an =
element.=0A=
// Every mouse motion on the page notifies EventDispatcher that an event =
occurred.=0A=
// Any time an event occurs that has one of EventDispatcher's classnames =
on it,=0A=
// the handlers associated with that className are executed.=0A=
//=0A=
// EventDispatcher is designed for popups, but can be used for anything; =
the handler=0A=
// is a generic function:=0A=
//    handler(event, udata, dispatchrule)=0A=
// <event> is the platform event object; use utils.getTargetObj() to get =
its target=0A=
// <udata> is the udata that was passed when that handler was set up.=0A=
// <dispatchrule> is the EventDispatcher object; it is the dictionary=0A=
// {eventType, className, handler, udata} describing the popper behavior.=0A=
//=0A=
// dispatchrule.remove() [TBD] removes the rule from the event dispatcher=0A=
//=0A=
// When the callback occurs, <this> is the target element. =0A=
=0A=
EventDispatcher =3D function(eventType, className, handler, udata) {=0A=
=0A=
   // Start PP listening for this event=0A=
   if (!EventDispatcher.events) {=0A=
      EventDispatcher.events =3D {};=0A=
   }=0A=
=0A=
    // If first definition for this event type, listen for it=0A=
   if (!EventDispatcher.events[eventType]) {=0A=
      EventDispatcher.events[eventType] =3D {};=0A=
      utils.addEvent(document.body, eventType, =
EventDispatcher.handleEvent);=0A=
   }=0A=
   =0A=
   // Index of all class names managed by PP=0A=
   if (!EventDispatcher.classNames[className]) {=0A=
      EventDispatcher.classNames[className] =3D 1;=0A=
   }=0A=
=0A=
   // ev.classNames are the classes that listen for this event=0A=
   var ev =3D EventDispatcher.events[eventType];=0A=
   if (!ev.classNames) {=0A=
      ev.classNames =3D {};=0A=
   }=0A=
   =0A=
   // Add handler for this class=0A=
   if (!ev.classNames[className]) {=0A=
      ev.classNames[className] =3D [];=0A=
   }=0A=
   =0A=
   this.eventType =3D eventType;=0A=
   this.className =3D className;=0A=
   this.handler =3D handler;=0A=
   this.udata =3D udata || null;=0A=
   =0A=
   var c =3D ev.classNames[className];=0A=
   c[c.length] =3D this;=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
EventDispatcher.events =3D {}=0A=
EventDispatcher.classNames =3D {}=0A=
=0A=
EventDispatcher.handleEvent =3D function(e) {=0A=
=0A=
   if (!EventDispatcher.events[e.type]) { return; } // TODO: Remove =
event listener here=0A=
   =0A=
   var t =3D utils.getTargetObj(e);=0A=
   if (t.className) {=0A=
      var theClasses =3D t.className.split(/\s+/);=0A=
      for (var c in theClasses) {=0A=
         if (EventDispatcher.classNames[theClasses[c]]) {=0A=
            EventDispatcher.dispatch(e, t, theClasses[c]);=0A=
         }=0A=
      }=0A=
   }=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
EventDispatcher.dispatch =3D function(e, t, className) {=0A=
   if (!EventDispatcher.events[e.type]) return;=0A=
   var ev =3D EventDispatcher.events[e.type];=0A=
   if (!ev.classNames || !ev.classNames[className]) return;=0A=
   var poppers =3D ev.classNames[className];=0A=
   for (var i =3D 0; i < poppers.length; i++) {=0A=
      poppers[i].handleEvent(t, e);=0A=
   }=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
EventDispatcher.prototype =3D {=0A=
   handleEvent: function(target, event) {=0A=
      this.handler.call(target, event, this.udata, this);=0A=
   }=0A=
}=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
// PPMCRecentActivity=0A=
//=20
=0A=
Portal.Portlet.PPMCRecentActivity =3D =
Portal.Portlet.HistoryDisplay.extend({

    init: function(path, name, notifier) {
        console.info("Created PPMCRecentActivity");
        this.base(path, name, notifier);
    }
});=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
Portal.Portlet.Pubmed_Discovery_RA =3D =
Portal.Portlet.BriefLinkPageSection.extend({
   =20
    init: function(path, name, notifier) {
        console.info("Created Pubmed_Discovery_RA");
		this.base(path, name, notifier);
	},
=09
	SetPortletName: function(){
	    Portal.Portlet.BriefLinkPageSection.portletname =3D =
'Pubmed_Discovery_RA';
	}
});=0A=
Portal.Portlet.PPMCPubmedRA =3D =
Portal.Portlet.BriefLinkPageSection.extend({

    init: function(path, name, notifier) {=0A=
        console.info("Created PPMCPubmedRA");=0A=
        this.base(path, name, notifier);=0A=
    },=0A=
=0A=
    SetPortletName: function(){=0A=
        Portal.Portlet.BriefLinkPageSection.portletname =3D =
'PPMCPubmedRA';=0A=
    },=0A=
=0A=
    popNodeDelay: 500=0A=
});=0A=
// PPMCArticlePageJS=0A=
// This script does the following:=0A=
// - Positions reference portlets in the discovery column to the top of =
each paragraph;=0A=
// - Calculates how many references will fit;=0A=
// - Calculates whether it needs a "see all" link;=0A=
// - Adds mouseovers to links in paragraphs and reference portlet links=0A=
=0A=
// We use a self executing anonymous function in order to protect the =
global namespace from=0A=
// two top-level vars: '$j', and 'main'.=0A=
=0A=
( function() {=0A=
    var $j =3D jQuery;=0A=
=0A=
    // This main function runs when the DOM is ready to be queried; it =
gets attached to=0A=
    // the event down at the bottom of this module.=0A=
    var main =3D function() {=0A=
        //var start =3D new Date().getTime();=0A=
        var POPPER_DELAY =3D 500;=0A=
=0A=
        =
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////=0A=
        // Helper functions=0A=
=0A=
        =
//-------------------------------------------------------------------=0A=
        // This function determines if two rectangles intersect.=0A=
        // Two rectangles intersect if any point along their lines share =
a =0A=
        // point in space.  Because these portlets will be lined up =
vertically, =0A=
        // we only worry about one dimension.  The 'dims' parameter is =
an =0A=
        // object that contains top and bottom dimensions of the two =
rectangles.=0A=
=0A=
        var rectIntersect =3D function(dims) {=0A=
            // L1t is 'Line'1'Top' etc.=0A=
            var L1t =3D dims.L1t;=0A=
            var L1b =3D dims.L1b;=0A=
            var L2t =3D dims.L2t;=0A=
            var L2b =3D dims.L2b;=0A=
            return (=0A=
                (L2b > L1t && L2b < L1b) ||=0A=
                (L2t < L1b && L2t > L1t) ||=0A=
                (L2t > L1t && L2t < L1b) ||=0A=
                (L2t < L1t && L2b > L1b)=0A=
            );=0A=
        };=0A=
=0A=
        =
//-------------------------------------------------------------------=0A=
        // This function adds a popup to the links within the main =
article body.=0A=
        // It adds the popup to one element, and then queues itself up =
to add the=0A=
        // popup to the next element after a short delay.=0A=
=0A=
        var addPopper =3D function(elems, curr) {=0A=
            var currElem =3D elems[curr];=0A=
            var jqCurrElem =3D jQuery(currElem);=0A=
=0A=
            var rid =3D jqCurrElem.attr('rid');=0A=
            //console.info("rid is '" + rid + "'");=0A=
=0A=
            if (rid) {=0A=
                // Find the text for this popup from the element pointed =
to by =0A=
                // @rid.  This will be in the reference section of the =
article.=0A=
                // Some id's from the backend have special characters, =
so we=0A=
                // need to escape them, see PMC-6384 and =
http://tinyurl.com/2qfqgc=0A=
=0A=
                var ridEscaped =3D rid.replace(/:/g, "\\:")=0A=
                                    .replace(/\./g, "\\.")=0A=
                                    .replace(/=C2=B7/g, "\\=C2=B7");=0A=
                var refElem =3D jQuery('#' + ridEscaped);=0A=
                =0A=
                // Check to make sure that we found something=0A=
                if (refElem.length > 0) {=0A=
=0A=
                    var citeText =3D refElem.text();=0A=
                    //console.info("citeText is '" + citeText + "'");=0A=
=0A=
                    var popText =3D jQuery.trim(citeText);=0A=
                    //console.info("popText is '" + popText + "'");=0A=
    =0A=
                    // If the @href element of the current <a> tag =
(currElem)=0A=
                    // has a '#' portion, meaning that it is a link to =
the=0A=
                    // reference list in this same article, then =
indicate =0A=
                    // that in the popup text.=0A=
                    if (currElem.hash) {=0A=
                        popText +=3D ' [Reference List]';=0A=
                    }=0A=
    =0A=
                    new ElementPopper(currElem,=0A=
                        { content: popText, =0A=
                          direction: PopDiv.POP_ABOVE, =0A=
                          popperId: 'popper-para-links', =0A=
                          delay: POPPER_DELAY });=0A=
                }=0A=
            }=0A=
=0A=
            // Now arrange to have ourselves called for the next element =
that needs a popup,=0A=
            // after one millisecond.=0A=
            curr++;=0A=
            if (curr < elems.length) {=0A=
                var fnc =3D function(){=0A=
                    addPopper(elems, curr);=0A=
                }=0A=
                window.setTimeout(fnc, 1);=0A=
            }=0A=
        }; // end addPopper function=0A=
=0A=
        =
//-------------------------------------------------------------------=0A=
        // This function adds a popup to the links in the =
cited-reference blocks.=0A=
=0A=
        var addPopper2 =3D function(elems, curr) {=0A=
            var aDomElement =3D elems[curr];=0A=
            var aKids =3D aDomElement.childNodes;=0A=
            var aNumKids =3D aKids.length;=0A=
            //console.info("aDomElement is a " + aDomElement.toString() =
+ "; num kids is " + aNumKids);=0A=
=0A=
            // Generate the text that will go in the popup.=0A=
            // Get the text children of the <a> element.  This loop =
drops any element nodes;=0A=
            // in particular, the <span class=3D'flag'>Review</span> =
element, if present.=0A=
            var txt =3D "";=0A=
            for (var i =3D 0; i < aNumKids; ++i) {=0A=
                var kid =3D aKids[i];=0A=
                if (kid.nodeType !=3D 1) {=0A=
                    txt +=3D kid.nodeValue;=0A=
                }=0A=
            }=0A=
=0A=
            var l =3D jQuery(elems[curr]);=0A=
            txt +=3D "<br/>" + l.next('p')[0].innerHTML;=0A=
            new ElementPopper(l[0],=0A=
                { content: txt, direction: PopDiv.POP_LEFT, popperId: =
'popper-port-links', delay: POPPER_DELAY });=0A=
=0A=
            // Now arrange to have ourselves called for the next element =
that needs a popup,=0A=
            // after one millisecond.=0A=
            curr++;=0A=
            if (curr < elems.length) {=0A=
                var fnc =3D function(){=0A=
                    addPopper2(elems, curr);=0A=
                }=0A=
                window.setTimeout(fnc, 1);=0A=
            }=0A=
        }; // end addPopper2 function=0A=
=0A=
        // end helper function(s)=0A=
=0A=
        =
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////=0A=
        // In this space, we define and set variables that only need to =
be set once, not per paragraph.=0A=
=0A=
        // See if there any reference portlets in the page, by getting =
at least two reference=0A=
        // portlets. Later we will use these two portlets to make sure =
they do not interfere with=0A=
        // existing portlets in the column. It is unlikely that a third =
portlet would interfere=0A=
        // with anything, so let's make this as efficient as possible=0A=
        var portNodes =3D =
$j('#ArticleRefDocsums').find('div.cited-ref:lt(2)');=0A=
=0A=
        // If there is at least one portlet in the page, we need to get =
some initial information,=0A=
        // like sample portlet elements' sizes, information about =
existing portlet in page etc.=0A=
        var portsInPage =3D false;=0A=
        if (portNodes.length > 0) { // if the page has ANY reference =
portlets=0A=
            // remember that there is something to do=0A=
            var portsInPage =3D true;=0A=
            var firstPortN =3D $j(portNodes[0]);=0A=
=0A=
            // Max shown per page is already decided by xslt that =
generates portlet server-side,=0A=
            // and should be the number of <li>s per portlet=0A=
            var MAXREFS =3D 5;=0A=
=0A=
            // get dimensions of elements inside sample portlet, account =
for padding by using outerHeight=0A=
            var lis =3D firstPortN.find('li.ovfl');=0A=
            var firstRefH =3D $j(lis[0]).outerHeight(true);=0A=
            var firstSeeAllH =3D =
firstPortN.find('a.all-articles').outerHeight(true);=0A=
            var firstUl =3D firstPortN.find('ul');=0A=
            // the ul might have padding or margins applied=0A=
            var ulPaddingMargin =3D parseInt(firstUl.css('padding-top')) =
+=0A=
                                  =
parseInt(firstUl.css('padding-bottom')) +=0A=
                                  parseInt(firstUl.css('margin-top')) +=0A=
                                  parseInt(firstUl.css('margin-bottom'));=0A=
            // same goes for the actual portlet div=0A=
            var portNPadding =3D parseInt(firstPortN.css('padding-top')) =
+=0A=
                               =
parseInt(firstPortN.css('padding-bottom'));=0A=
=0A=
            // The horizontal position of all cited ref blocks should =
line up with recent history=0A=
            // portlet, which should be above any reference portlets=0A=
            var leftPos =3D $j('#recent-activity').position().left;=0A=
            //console.info('Got leftPos of all portlets: ' + leftPos);=0A=
=0A=
            // Get positions of any existing portlets in side column, so =
we can later hide any=0A=
            // reference portlets that take up same space=0A=
            var sideBarCell =3D $j('td.sidebar-cell')[0];=0A=
            var portRanges =3D {};=0A=
            var ports =3D jQuery('div.port', sideBarCell);=0A=
            for (var i =3D 0; i < ports.length; i++) {=0A=
                var p =3D jQuery(ports[i]);=0A=
                var pos =3D p.position();=0A=
                var t =3D pos.top;=0A=
                portRanges[i] =3D {=0A=
                    't': t,=0A=
                    'b': t + p.height() // bottom is top + height of =
portlet=0A=
                };=0A=
            }=0A=
=0A=
        } // end if portNodes in doc=0A=
=0A=
        // Now, for each paragraph, get associated portlet and position =
appropriately, we still need=0A=
        // to iterate through each paragraph even if there are no =
reference links in entire document.=0A=
        // We are doing some weird stuff here.  We have to do iterate =
through each paragraph, but=0A=
        // for performance reasons, on large pages we need to pause a ms =
between iterations. So:=0A=
        // 1) we get all "paragraph" elements=0A=
        // 2) we execute the "loopdloop" function, which every ms passes =
all the paras to paraLoop=0A=
        // 3) paraLoop does all the positioning of the reference portlets=0A=
        // 4) When loopdloop is done, it calls hideInterfering, which =
hides any portlets =0A=
        //    that overlap existing ones=0A=
=0A=
        // First make a hash of all of the CRBs indexed by their @rid =
attributes.=0A=
        var crbs =3D $j('div.cited-ref');=0A=
        var numCrbs =3D crbs.length;=0A=
        //console.info("Number of crbs is " + numCrbs);=0A=
=0A=
        var crbsByRid =3D {};=0A=
        for (var i =3D 0; i < numCrbs; ++i) {=0A=
            var crb =3D crbs[i];=0A=
            //console.info("crb is " + crb.toString());=0A=
            var jcrb =3D $j(crb);=0A=
            //console.info("jcrb is " + jcrb.toString());=0A=
            var rid =3D jcrb.attr('rid');=0A=
            //console.info("@rid is '" + rid + "'");=0A=
            crbsByRid[rid] =3D jcrb;=0A=
        }=0A=
=0A=
        //var paraLoop =3D function(crb) {=0A=
        //    var jcrb =3D $j(crb);=0A=
        //    var paraRid =3D jcrb.attr('rid');=0A=
        //    var p =3D $j('#' + paraRid);=0A=
        var paraLoop =3D function(para) {=0A=
            //console.group('para');=0A=
            var p =3D $j(para);=0A=
            //console.info(p[0]);=0A=
=0A=
            // Get the @id attribute, and from that, look up the CRB.=0A=
            var paraId =3D p.attr('id');=0A=
            //console.info("paragraph @id is " + paraId);=0A=
            var jcrb =3D crbsByRid[paraId];=0A=
=0A=
            if (jcrb) {=0A=
                //console.info("jcrb is " + jcrb.toString());=0A=
=0A=
                // if a 'paragraph' has an associated portlet, it will =
have a 'cite' attribute on it=0A=
                // CFM:  taking this check out, the @cite attribute is =
going away, see PMC-5595:=0A=
                //var citeAttr =3D p.attr('cite');=0A=
                //if (citeAttr) {=0A=
=0A=
                // Get the number of unique references per paragraph.  =
This could be more than the=0A=
                // max shown in portlet.=0A=
                // CFM:  Now, getting this info from the crb, not the =
paragraph, because the @pmids=0A=
                // attribute will be going away from the paragraph, see =
PMC-5595.=0A=
//              var numRefs =3D p.attr('pmids').split(' ').length;=0A=
                var numRefs =3D jcrb.attr('pmids').split(' ').length;=0A=
                //console.info("numRefs is " + numRefs);=0A=
=0A=
                // get paragraph dims. We need these to position portlet =
to paragraph=0A=
                var pPos =3D p.position();=0A=
                var pPosX =3D pPos.left;=0A=
=0A=
                 // needs to be a number because we will add/subtract =
margin=0A=
                var pPosY =3D parseInt(pPos.top);=0A=
                var pPosH =3D p.height();=0A=
=0A=
                // Get paragraph top and bottom margins.  We need to =
account for these when calculating =0A=
                // reference portlet placement. Margin is not accounted =
for when getting an element's =0A=
                // height, but it does affect appearance of element's =
dimensions when there is no border.=0A=
                var pMarT =3D parseInt(p.css('marginTop'));=0A=
                var pMarB =3D parseInt(p.css('marginBottom'));=0A=
=0A=
                // Get associated portlet from 'cited' attribute, we can =
now safely overwrite portN =0A=
                // variable from beginning of script.=0A=
                // CFM:  change from using 'portN' to using the variable =
'jcrb', from above.=0A=
                //var portN =3D $j('#' + citeAttr);=0A=
                //var refNodes =3D portN.find('li');=0A=
                var refNodes =3D jcrb.find('li');=0A=
                var numRefsInP =3D refNodes.length;=0A=
                //console.info("numRefsInP is " + numRefsInP);=0A=
=0A=
                // Set styles on portlet node to align to paragraph=0A=
                // We set portlet node to position: absolute in the css =
file, because that is more=0A=
                // efficient than setting it in JavaScript, and that =
property does not change.=0A=
//              portN.css( {=0A=
                jcrb.css( {=0A=
                    'top': pPosY + pMarT + 2 + 'px', // Add an xtra 2px, =
otherwise it appears too low=0A=
                    'left': leftPos + 'px'=0A=
                });=0A=
=0A=
                // Calculate how many refs will fit per paragraph and if =
we need the =0A=
                // 'See more articles cited in this paragraph' link. =0A=
                var refsFit =3D null;=0A=
                var needAllLink =3D false;=0A=
                if (numRefs > MAXREFS || numRefs * firstRefH >=3D pPosH =
- pMarB) {=0A=
                    //console.info('more links than allowed, OR links =
allowed are higher than paragraph height');=0A=
                    refsFit =3D Math.floor( pPosH / (firstRefH + =
firstSeeAllH) );=0A=
                    needAllLink =3D true;=0A=
                    if (refsFit > MAXREFS) {=0A=
                        refsFit =3D MAXREFS;=0A=
                    }=0A=
                    //console.info('refsFit: ' + refsFit);=0A=
                } else {=0A=
                    //console.info('all refs in para fit');=0A=
                    refsFit =3D numRefs;=0A=
                    //console.info('refsFit: ' + refsFit);=0A=
                }=0A=
=0A=
                var aSeeArticles =3D jcrb.find('a.all-articles');=0A=
                if (!needAllLink) {=0A=
                    aSeeArticles.hide();=0A=
                }=0A=
                else if (refsFit =3D=3D 0) {=0A=
                    // If the visible number of links is zero, then =
change the text from=0A=
                    // "See more articles ..." to just "See articles =
...".=0A=
                    // See PMC-6076.=0A=
                    var seeMoreT =3D aSeeArticles.text();=0A=
                    aSeeArticles.text( seeMoreT.replace(/more /, "") );=0A=
                    // After all, we decided that we'd rather just not =
see it:=0A=
                    jcrb.hide();=0A=
                }=0A=
=0A=
                //console.info('need to take off refs:');=0A=
                // how many references (lis) from the portlet do we need =
to hide?=0A=
                var takeOff =3D numRefsInP - refsFit;=0A=
                //console.info(takeOff);=0A=
=0A=
                if ( takeOff > 0 ) {=0A=
                    // we need to take off some nodes, loop through li =
nodes in reverse order and hide them=0A=
                    for (var i =3D numRefsInP - 1; i >=3D refsFit; i--) {=0A=
                        $j(refNodes[i]).hide();=0A=
                    }=0A=
                } // end if we need to take off nodes=0A=
=0A=
                // we now need to add mouseovers on reference links that =
are not hidden. We get the text=0A=
                // from the title attribute of the link=0A=
                //var elems2 =3D portN.find('a.popnode:visible');=0A=
                var elems2 =3D jcrb.find('a.popnode:visible');=0A=
                //console.info(elems2);=0A=
=0A=
                if (elems2.length > 0) {=0A=
                    addPopper2(elems2, 0);=0A=
                }=0A=
=0A=
            } // end if jcrb=0A=
=0A=
            // Now, we are back touching on each paragraph, regardless =
whether there =0A=
            // are links with pmids or not we need to get all the =
reference links per =0A=
            // paragraph and do the mouseover which links to reference =
section at the=0A=
            // bottom of the page.  This is a little Eric trick for =
performance. We get =0A=
            // the links in the paragraph and create our own custom loop =
and setTimeout =0A=
            // for each link.  This allows "multithreading" and doesn't =
lock up the =0A=
            // browser.=0A=
            var elems =3D p.find('a.cite-reflink');=0A=
            if (elems.length > 0) {=0A=
                addPopper(elems, 0);=0A=
            }=0A=
=0A=
            //console.groupEnd('para');=0A=
        }; // end paraloop function=0A=
=0A=
        var hideInterfering =3D function(){=0A=
            // At this point all reference divs are positioned in =
document. We now check that =0A=
            // the first two reference portlets (which were already =
queried for in beginning =0A=
            // of the script don't interfere with any other portlets =
that may be at the top of =0A=
            // column.  Loop thru them and compare them against what =
exists in portRanges=0A=
            if (portsInPage =3D=3D=3D true) {=0A=
                portNodes.each( function() {=0A=
                    var citedRefJ =3D $j(this);=0A=
                    // We refer to portRanges, which is an obj in which =
we stored dims of existing=0A=
                    // portlets before positioning reference portlets=0A=
                    for (var i in portRanges){=0A=
                        var range =3D portRanges[i];=0A=
=0A=
                        var existingT =3D range.t;=0A=
                        var existingB =3D range.b;=0A=
=0A=
                        var citedRefT =3D citedRefJ.position().top;=0A=
=0A=
                        // This is the parameter to the rectIntersect =
helper func defined in the beginning=0A=
                        // of the script.  It contains top and bottom =
dims for two rectanges.  The=0A=
                        // rectIntersect returns true if they intersect.=0A=
                        // PMC-6175:  add a little buffer of ten pixels.=0A=
                        var dims =3D {=0A=
                            'L1t': existingT, // we are comparing =
against the existing portlet=0A=
                            'L1b': existingB + 10,  // little buffer to =
be sure.=0A=
                            'L2t': citedRefT,=0A=
                            'L2b': citedRefT + citedRefJ.height()=0A=
                        }=0A=
                        //console.info('L1t: ' + existingT);=0A=
                        //console.info('L1b: ' + existingB);=0A=
                        //console.info('L2t: ' + citedRefT);=0A=
                        //console.info('L2b: ' + (citedRefT + =
citedRefJ.height()));=0A=
=0A=
                        if ( rectIntersect(dims) =3D=3D=3D true) {=0A=
                            //console.info('interferes');=0A=
                            citedRefJ.css('display', 'none');=0A=
                        }=0A=
                    }=0A=
                }); // end iterating through first two existing portlets=0A=
            }=0A=
        }=0A=
=0A=
        // Get the list of all paragraphs in the document.=0A=
        var allParas =3D $j('div.p');=0A=
        var numParas =3D allParas.length;=0A=
=0A=
        var loopdloop =3D function(curr){=0A=
          paraLoop(allParas[curr++]);=0A=
          if (curr >=3D numParas) {=0A=
            hideInterfering();=0A=
          } else {=0A=
            setTimeout( function(){ loopdloop(curr); }, 1);=0A=
          }=0A=
        }=0A=
        //document.title =3D new Date().getTime() - start.toString() + =
'ms';=0A=
        loopdloop(0);=0A=
    };=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
    // We use window.load for Safari, not ready, because in Safari, we =
cannot be =0A=
    // sure all CSS has loaded, and we cannot be sure=0A=
    // dims of images are accounted for when getting top positions of =
paragraphs=0A=
    if ( $j.browser.safari) {=0A=
        $j(window).load(main);=0A=
    } else {=0A=
        $j(main);=0A=
    }=0A=
=0A=
})();=0A=
=0A=

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