From: Subject: Commentary: Call me on my mobile phone...or better not?--a look at the INTERPHONE study results -- Saracci and Samet 39 (3): 695 -- International Journal of Epidemiology Date: Mon, 31 May 2010 18:40:38 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0039_01CB00F0.C37273C0" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.5931 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0039_01CB00F0.C37273C0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/39/3/695 Commentary: Call me on my mobile phone...or better = not?--a look at the INTERPHONE study results -- Saracci and Samet 39 = (3): 695 -- International Journal of Epidemiology

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IJE Advance=20 Access originally published online on May 17, 2010
International Journal of = Epidemiology 2010=20 39(3):695-698; doi:10.1093/ije/dyq082
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Published by=20 Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological=20 Association =A9 The Author 2010; all rights reserved.
This is an Open = Access=20 article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution=20 Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/) = which=20 permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction = in any=20 medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Commentary: Call me on my mobile phone...or better not?=97a look at = the=20 INTERPHONE study results

Rodolfo=20 Saracci1,* and Jonathan=20 Samet2

1Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), = National=20 Research Council, Pisa, Italy and 2University of Southern = California,=20 Department of Preventive Medicine and USC Institute for Global Health, = Los=20 Angeles, CA, USA

*Corresponding author. IFC-National Research Council, = Via=20 Trieste 41, 56100, Pisa, Italy. E-mail: saracci{at}hotmail.com

Accepted 12 April 2010

Mobile phone (cell phone) use is increasing extraordinarily=20 rapidly worldwide. There are now 4.6 billion mobile phone = subscribers=20 worldwide.= 1=20 In many low- and middle-income countries use of cell phones = has made=20 communications possible in vast areas lacking cable = connections.=20 Increasingly, in high-income countries, cell phones have = replaced=20 =91land lines=92 for personal telecommunications. Users of = mobile phones=20 are exposed to electromagnetic radiation, which has long been = hypothesized to have adverse health effects, including = increased risk=20 of cancer.= 2,= 3=20 Research on biological mechanisms of cellular and tissue = injury by=20 electromagnetic radiation has been inconclusive, and = consequently=20 epidemiological studies have been the principal source of = evidence on=20 potential health risks of mobile phone use. Brain tumours = have been=20 of particular concern because the electromagnetic radiation=20 generated by mobile phones passes through the brain when the = phones=20 are used without a hands-free device. To date, findings of=20 diverse studies on mobile phone use and brain tumour risk = have=20 been reported with mixed findings, but with no clear = indication=20 of increased risk for cancer.= 4,= 5=20 To provide needed evidence on the potential risk of brain = cancer=20 associated with mobile phone use, the International Agency = for=20 Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated a multi-centre = case=96control=20 study, the INTERPHONE study, in 1998=9699.

A much awaited report from this large international study on=20 mobile phone use and brain tumours is published in this issue = of the IJE.= 6=20 A number of previous papers cited in the article reported = only=20 partial findings from components of the multicentre study,=20 heightening expectations on what the full data set would = eventually=20 show. The component studies were relatively underpowered, but = they=20 exhibited a rather consistent and baffling reduced = risk among=20 cell phone users. We now have the complete results and the=20 researchers' interpretation of them. The INTERPHONE = investigators=20 conclude that =91There were suggestions of an increased risk = of glioma,=20 and much less of meningioma, at the highest exposure levels, = for=20 ipsilateral exposures and, for glioma, for tumours in the = temporal=20 lobe. However, biases and errors limit the strength of the = conclusion=20 we can draw from these analyses and prevent a causal=20 interpretation=92.= 6=20 This statement, as with a similar one (=91...these biases and = errors=20 prevent a causal interpretation of the results.=92) at the = end of the=20 Appendix 2 of the article= 6=20 added during the editorial process of revision, is both = elegant and=20 oracular. Similar to any oracle it tolerates diametrically = opposite=20 readings. If more weight is given to the first sentence, a=20 conclusion is reached in favour of an increased risk, albeit = not=20 definitively manifest yet, from intensive use of mobile = phones.=20 Giving more weight to the second sentence leads to the = conclusion=20 that there are enough sources of errors in the study to = dismiss the=20 apparent elevated risks as not real. With equal weight to the = two=20 sentences, any conclusion hangs in the balance.

Is there any way out of this ambivalence? INTERPHONE is the=20 largest study yet carried out and published on mobile phone = use=20 and cancer. It includes 2409 cases of meningioma, 2708 cases = of=20 glioma and two series of, respectively, 2662 and 2972 controls=20 matched by age, sex and region of residence. With the = coordination=20 of IARC it has mobilized investigators in multiple centres = within=20 13 countries =91 ... to determine whether mobile phone use=20 increases the risk of [brain] tumours and, specifically, = whether=20 radiofrequency energy emitted by mobile phones is = tumorigenic=92.= 6=20

Certainly this is the question that scientists, people and = public=20 health decision-makers have in mind, as they seek assurance=20 that mobile phone use is safe and not a cause of brain = tumours.=20 As defined by Lowrance,= 7=20 =91a thing is safe if its risks are judged to be = acceptable=92. This=20 definition implies a need for quantification of risk, the = role of=20 epidemiological research and a judgement of its acceptability = in=20 individual and societal contexts. The risk of main interest = is=20 lifelong use, possibly beginning in childhood=97a pattern of=20 exposure that cannot yet be studied. The now testable = scientific=20 question and that addressed by the INTERPHONE study is = whether=20 mobile phones increase the risk of brain tumours within the = first=20 10=9615 years of use, a question much less liable to generate = unwarranted expectations about the evidence that the = INTERPHONE study=20 could actually deliver. In high-income countries, mobile = phone=20 use began in the 1980s but was not widely prevalent until the = mid-1990s. The cancer cases in the study were diagnosed = between 2000=20 and 2004. As a consequence, <5% (110/2409) of the = meningioma=20 cases and <9% (252/2972) of the glioma cases occurred = >10=20 years since start of mobile phone use. None of the today's=20 established carcinogens, including tobacco, could have been = firmly=20 identified as increasing risk in the first 10 years or so = since first=20 exposure. Ionizing radiation is a recognized cause of brain = tumours=20 but except for rare instances the radiation induced cases = occur=20 on average after 10=9620 years since the time of first = exposure.=20 INTERPHONE shares with all studies previously carried out on=20 mobile phones and cancer the inherent limitation that it can=20 investigate only a short period of observation since first = exposure;=20 the distribution of exposure is brief and truncated leaving=20 limited incubation time for an exposure-related cancer to = develop.=20 Hence observing no increase in risk would be reassuring but=20 only to a limited extent.

As a multi-centric study, INTERPHONE has, however, the potential = advantage of incorporating simultaneous replication, if there = is no methodological heterogeneity across the centres. = Consistency=20 of results among centres, a key element for drawing causal=20 inferences, can be immediately examined, rather than awaiting = the=20 accumulation of results from successive and separate studies. = Overall, a consistent inter-country pattern of replicated = reduced=20 risk for both meningioma and glioma is shown in Table 6 of=20 Appendix 1 of the INTERPHONE article= 6,=20 whereas Table 2 of the article shows an equally consistent = pattern of=20 reduced risks for different metrics of exposure (regular use = vs never=20 regular use, cumulative call time, cumulative number of = calls) with=20 only three odds ratios (ORs) out of 50 above 1. These results = are=20 also in line with the detailed findings already published in = separate=20 reports, involving nearly half of the cancer cases, from some = of=20 the participating countries. On the null hypothesis that = there=20 is no association between mobile phone use and brain cancer, = ORs=20 fluctuating randomly above and below 1 would be expected, = whereas=20 the observed patterns of reduced risks, on average of the = order=20 of 30%, would have a tiny probability of occurring just by = chance.=20 Having ruled out chance and the possibility of a protective=20 effect=97absent any supporting biological evidence=97less = plausible=20 than the possibility of bias from a variety of sources, bias = stands=20 as the most likely explanation of the observed results. As = already=20 noted,= 8=20 this interpretation carries the uncomfortable consequence = that the=20 interpretation of any result of the study becomes = problematic,=20 unless the sources of bias are identified and their = consequences=20 quantified.

The authors have carefully pursued bias as an explanation of = their=20 findings via several routes. Confronted with a participation = rate=20 appreciably lower among controls (average for centres: 53%) = than=20 among cases (averages of 78% for meningioma and 64% for = glioma), they=20 asked a sample of participants (cases in 9 centres, controls = in 11=20 centres) who had refused the full interview to respond to a = brief=20 questionnaire. Among both cases and controls, = non-participants=20 reported a lower lifetime prevalence of mobile phone use than = participants. Since the participation rate among controls was = lower=20 than among cases, this pattern of response to the request for = participation introduces a lower frequency of regular phone = users=20 among controls than among cases. Extrapolating the findings = from this=20 sample to the whole study population, the researchers = estimated= 6,= 9=20 that this selective non-participation bias may have led to a=20 reduction in the ORs for regular use of 5=9615%, potentially = accounting=20 for most of the bias observed (Table 2 of the article= 6)=20 for meningioma [21%, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 9=9632] = and glioma=20 (19%, 95% CI 6=9630). A substantiated downward and = generalized bias=20 implies that any observed increase in risk would be=20 underestimated, independent of statistical significance. If = this bias=20 extends to those with the highest exposure, then an increased = risk=20 has been observed in spite of this downward bias. In the top=20 decile of cumulative call time, the most comprehensive metric = of=20 exposure, the observed and probably underestimated ORs are = 1.15 for=20 meningioma and 1.40 for glioma (Table 2 of the article= 6).=20 People in the top decile used a mobile phone for a total of = 1640 h,=20 still not a very intensive use by today's pattern: spread = over=20 10 years, the lower limit of this category is about half an = hour=20 per day. Sensitivity analyses (bottom part of Table 4 of = Appendix=20 1 of the article= 6)=20 show that the increased ORs are fairly consistent among = countries.=20 They appear further increased (Table 5: 1.45 for meningioma = and 1.96=20 for glioma) when the participant reported using the phone on = the same=20 side of the tumour, yet the systematically higher ORs for = ipsilateral=20 vs controlateral use, even at low levels of exposure, points = to=20 reporting bias and casts doubt on this latter result. =

A second approach to bias investigation and correction is = presented=20 in Appendix 2 of the INTERPHONE article= 6.=20 To avoid the problem of a lower frequency of regular users = among=20 controls (arising from non-participation), ORs were = calculated taking=20 the lowest levels of regular use as the reference category = rather=20 than non-regular use. This approach has been often employed = in=20 occupational epidemiology when risk is compared between = people at=20 various level of exposure rather than between exposed and=20 non-exposed subjects, the latter being regarded as an = entirely=20 different group. The table in Appendix 2 of the article= 6=20 shows that the ORs for meningioma are only slightly changed = (cf.=20 Table 2 of the article= 6),=20 whereas those for gliomas are now mostly close to (and above) = 1; the=20 OR for the top decile of cumulative call time has increased = from 1.40=20 to 1.82. The direction of these corrections, the size of = which may be=20 questionable (as discussed in Appendix 2 of the article= 6)=20 speaks again in favour of a contribution of non-participation = bias to=20 the observed low ORs. A further reason for the downward bias = may,=20 however, lie in a different direction, briefly mentioned in = Appendix=20 2 of the article= 6.=20 Low risks have been a recurrent feature not only of the = INTERPHONE=20 study, but also of other studies of mobile phones and brain=20 tumours, including a nationwide cohort study10=20 in which non-participation was not an issue. Major clinical=20 manifestations of brain tumours may not be long lasting but = lesser=20 symptoms, including occasional seizures, may develop over = several=20 years before diagnosis, as indicated by findings of increased = risk of=20 brain tumours in people with a hospital discharge diagnosis = of=20 epilepsy 3D≥8=20 years earlier, the risk progressively increasing as the = interval=20 between epilepsy and tumour diagnosis becomes shorter.11=20 In addition, a nationwide cohort study using the same = database as the=20 cohort brain cancer investigation12=20 found reduced hospitalization rates among mobile phone users = for a=20 variety of central nervous system diagnoses (Alzheimer=92s = disease,=20 vascular dementia, other dementia, Parkinson=92s disease and = epilepsy)=20 for time periods up to 10 years after starting phone use. One = explanation is that mobile phone users may be a healthy group = showing=20 a =91healthy user effect=92 but a more likely one is that = people=20 with prodromal manifestations of neurological disease make = less=20 use of mobile phones. Along with non-participation this=20 selection bias may also contribute to the downward bias in = the=20 INTERPHONE study.

We commend the INTERPHONE investigators for a rigorously = implemented=20 protocol and the careful exploration of bias. INTERPHONE = clearly=20 demonstrates that epidemiological research has to give major=20 emphasis to bias prevention and control. For the time being,=20 INTERPHONE's findings, interpreted in the context of prior = studies,=20 tells us that the question as to whether mobile phone use = increases=20 risk for brain cancers remains open. Given the relatively = short=20 time of observation since first exposure and the acknowledged = biases we simply do not know the answer to this question. = Some=20 may interpret the results differently and most who have been=20 awaiting the results of the INTERPHONE study will be = disappointed=20 by its mixed findings. Those upholding a precautionary = approach=20 to the extent and manner of use of mobile phones may find = some=20 support in the elevated risks noted in subjects with the = highest=20 exposures.

Not surprisingly, we end by calling for more research, given = the=20 increasingly ubiquitous use of mobile phones, rising use by = children=20 and the indication from some studies, including the = INTERPHONE study,=20 that mobile phone use may increase risk for brain tumours. = One=20 possibility to minimize selection and information biases, = proposed=20 previously by Rothman,13=20 would track cohorts of mobile phone users with exposures=20 documented via company records and outcomes ascertained = through=20 record linkage with cancer registries. Large cohorts would be = required to investigate adult brain cancers that have an = incidence=20 rate in the order of 10 per 100 000 person-years but the=20 advantage is that once established a cohort can be repeatedly = followed up in time, updating exposure measurements in cases = and a=20 random control sample. This type of investigation overcomes = the=20 problem of case=96control studies conducted when not enough = time=20 has elapsed since first exposure to make possible the = emergence=20 of long latency adverse health effects. This approach was = blocked=20 in the USA through litigation.14=20 Another possibility would be periodic replication of = multi-centric=20 case=96control studies, comparable with the INTERPHONE study = in design,=20 although the potential for bias would likely remain. =

Fortunately, high-quality cancer registries are in place in = many=20 countries around the world and descriptive patterns of brain = tumour=20 occurrence can be monitored through careful and ongoing = analyses to=20 detect changes suggestive of increased risk from mobile phone = use.

The tired refrain =91more research is needed=92 fully = applies in this=20 instance: without more research the public's question about = the=20 acceptability of cancer risk from mobile phones will remain=20 unanswered.


3D"   =20 Funding
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References
 
F= unding to=20 pay the Open Access publication charges for this article was = provided=20 in equal parts by the European Educational Programme in = Epidemiology=20 and the University of South California.

Conflict of interest: Rodolfo Saracci is Visiting = Scientist=20 with the Education and Training section of the International=20 Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon and a member of the = Scientific=20 Advisory Committee of IMIM-CREAL, Barcelona. Jonathan Samet = is=20 also a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of IMIM-CREAL,=20 Barcelona.


3D"   =20 References
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Funding
3D"References
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1 International Telecommunication = Union.=20 Measuring the Information Society (2010) Geneva: International = Telecommunication=20 Union.

2 International Agency for = Research on=20 Cancer. Non-ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and Extremely = Low-frequency (ELF)=20 Electric and Magnetic Fields. IARC Monograph 80 (2002) Lyon: = International=20 Agency for Research on Cancer.

3 National Research Council. = Possible=20 Health Effects of Exposure to Residential Electric and Magnetic Fields = (1997)=20 Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

4 Ahlbom A, Feychting M, = Green A,=20 Kheifets L, Savitz DA, Swerdlow AJ. Epidemiologic evidence on mobile = phones and=20 tumor risk: a review. Epidemiology (2009) 20:639=9652.[CrossRef][Web=20 of Science][Medline]

5 Khurana VG, Teo C, Kundi = M, Hardell=20 L, Carlberg M. Cell phones and brain tumors: a review including the = long-term=20 epidemiologic data. Surg Neurol (2009) 72:205=9614; discussion = 14=9615.[CrossRef][Web=20 of Science][Medline]

6 The INTERPHONE Study = Group. Brain=20 tumours risk in relation to mobile telephone use: results of the = INTERPHONE=20 international case-control study. Int J Epidemiol (2010) = 39:675=96694.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

7 Lowrance WW. Of Acceptable = Risk:=20 Science and the Determination of Safety (1976) Los Altos, CA: William = Kaufmann,=20 Inc.

8 Saracci R, Pearce N. = Commentary:=20 observational studies may conceal a weakly elevated risk under the = appearance of=20 consistently reduced risks. Int J Epidemiol (2008) 37:1313=9615.[Free Full Text]

9 Vrijheid M, Richardson L, = Armstrong=20 BK, et al. Quantifying the impact of selection bias caused by = nonparticipation=20 in a case-control study of mobile phone use. Ann Epidemiol (2009) = 19:33=9641.[CrossRef][Web=20 of Science][Medline]

10 Sch=FCz J, Jacobsen R, = Olsen JH,=20 Boice JD Jr, McLaughlin JK, Johansen C. Cellular telephone use and = cancer risk:=20 update of a nationwide Danish cohort. J Natl Cancer Inst (2006) = 98:1707=9613.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

11 Schwartzbaum J, Jonsson = F, Ahlbom=20 A, et al. Prior hospitalization for epilepsy, diabetes, and stroke and=20 subsequent glioma and meningioma risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev = (2005)=20 14:643=9650.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

12 Sch=FCz J, Waldemar G, = Olsen JH,=20 Johansen C. Risks of central nervous system diseases among mobile phone=20 subscribers: a Danish retrospective cohort study. PloS ONE (2009) = 4:e4389.[CrossRef][Medline]

13 Funch DP, Rothman KJ, = Loughlin JE,=20 Dreyer NA. Utility of telephone company records for epidemiologic = studies of=20 cellular telephones. Epidemiology (1996) 7:299=96302.[Web=20 of Science][Medline]

14 Parascandola M. Science = and law.=20 Cell phone lawsuits face a scientific test. Science (2001) = 294:1440=9642.[Free Full Text]

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if( ! document.getElementById ) return false; if( ! document.getElementById( "validationerror" ) ) return false; var errorLinks =3D document.getElementById( "validationerror" = ).getElementsByTagName( "a" ); for( var i=3D0; i < errorLinks.length; i++ ) { errorLinks[i].onclick =3D function() { var objectId =3D this.href.substr( this.href.indexOf( "#" ) = + 1 ); if( document.getElementById(objectId) ) { document.getElementById(objectId).focus(); } } } } window.onload =3D prepareErrorLinks; var supported =3D ( document.layers || document.getElementById || = document.all ); function encrypt(part1,part2,part3) { var all=3D 'mai'+'lto:'+part1+"@"+part2; if( part3 ) all +=3D '?Sub'+'ject=3D'+part3; = document.location.href=3Deval('"'+all+'"'); } function toggle_display( id ) { if( supported ) { if( document.layers && document.layers[id] ) { document.layers[id].display =3D ( = document.layers[id].display =3D=3D 'block' ? 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Leave htext blank to hide again. function help_window(htext,field){ var hw =3D document.getElementById("help_window"); if(hw !=3D undefined ){ if(htext =3D=3D ''){ hw.className=3D"hidden"; } else { hw.innerHTML=3Dhtext; hw.className=3D"help_window"; hw.style.top=3DfindPos(field)+"px"; } } } //Archive list interactivity functions var tick_archive=3Dnew Array("Humanities", "Law", "Medicine", "Science", = "Social Sciences"); var tick_archive_x=3Dnew Array(true, true, true, true, true); var tick_year=3Dnew Array(); var tick_year_x=3Dnew Array(); var tick_status=3Dnew Array("I", "E", "L"); var tick_status_x=3Dnew Array(true, true, true); var line_id=3Dnew Array(); var line_archives=3Dnew Array(); var line_year_joined=3Dnew Array(); var line_status=3Dnew Array(); var year_count=3D-1; var line_count=3D-1; function add_year(year_to_add) { year_count+=3D1; tick_year[year_count]=3Dyear_to_add; tick_year_x[year_count]=3Dtrue; } function filter() { for(var i=3D0; i<=3Dline_count; i++) { var ok=3D""; for(var j=3D0; j0) { var keyword=3Dkeywords.split(" "); //score keyword search results; var scores =3D new Array(); var qid =3D new Array(); for(var qa=3D0; qa 3) { if(helpK[qa].toLowerCase().match(keyword[k])) { scores[qa]+=3D1; qid[qa]=3Dqa; } } } } //sort results by score for(var s1=3D0; s1scores[s2]) { var temp_score=3Dscores[s1]; var temp_qid=3Dqid[s1]; scores[s1]=3Dscores[s2]; qid[s1]=3Dqid[s2]; scores[s2]=3Dtemp_score; qid[s2]=3Dtemp_qid; } } } //build results and display var results=3D""; for(var qa=3D0; qa<(qid.length<10 ? qid.length : 9); qa++) { if(scores[qa]>0) { results+=3D"

"+helpQ[qid[qa]]+"<= br />"; results+=3D'

'+helpA[qid[qa]]+'

'; } } if(results=3D=3D0) {=20 results=3D"

We didn't find any answers for your question.

"; } results+=3D"

Can't find what you're looking for? Contact us

"; document.getElementById("qa_results").innerHTML=3Dresults; } } function categoryList() { var lastVal=3D""; for(var c=3D0; c"+helpC[c]+""); lastVal=3DhelpC[c]; } } } function browseQuestions(question) { var results=3D""; if(question!=3D"...") { for(var c=3D0; c"+helpQ[c]+"
"; results+=3D'
'+helpA[c]+'

'; } } } document.getElementById("browse_results").innerHTML=3Dresults; } function toggle(divID) { var e=3Ddocument.getElementById(divID); e.style.display=3D(e.style.display=3D=3D"none"?"block":"none"); } function show(tab) { var showhideTabs =3D new Array("ask", "browse", "contact"); for(var a=3D0; a.=0A= =0A= by Andrew Gregory=0A= http://www.scss.com.au/family/andrew/webdesign/xmlhttprequest/=0A= =0A= This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. To = view a=0A= copy of this license, visit = http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/ or=0A= send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, = California=0A= 94305, USA.=0A= =0A= Attribution: Leave my name and web address in this script intact.=0A= =0A= Not Supported in Opera=0A= ----------------------=0A= * user/password authentication=0A= * responseXML data member=0A= =0A= Not Fully Supported in Opera=0A= ----------------------------=0A= * async requests=0A= * abort()=0A= * getAllResponseHeaders(), getAllResponseHeader(header)=0A= =0A= */=0A= // IE support=0A= if (window.ActiveXObject && !window.XMLHttpRequest) {=0A= window.XMLHttpRequest =3D function() {=0A= var msxmls =3D new Array(=0A= 'Msxml2.XMLHTTP.5.0',=0A= 'Msxml2.XMLHTTP.4.0',=0A= 'Msxml2.XMLHTTP.3.0',=0A= 'Msxml2.XMLHTTP',=0A= 'Microsoft.XMLHTTP');=0A= for (var i =3D 0; i < msxmls.length; i++) {=0A= try {=0A= return new ActiveXObject(msxmls[i]);=0A= } catch (e) {=0A= }=0A= }=0A= return null;=0A= };=0A= }=0A= // Gecko support=0A= /* ;-) */=0A= // Opera support=0A= if (window.opera && !window.XMLHttpRequest) {=0A= window.XMLHttpRequest =3D function() {=0A= this.readyState =3D 0; // = 0=3Duninitialized,1=3Dloading,2=3Dloaded,3=3Dinteractive,4=3Dcomplete=0A= this.status =3D 0; // HTTP status codes=0A= this.statusText =3D '';=0A= this._headers =3D [];=0A= this._aborted =3D false;=0A= this._async =3D true;=0A= this._defaultCharset =3D 'ISO-8859-1';=0A= this._getCharset =3D function() {=0A= var charset =3D _defaultCharset;=0A= var contentType =3D = this.getResponseHeader('Content-type').toUpperCase();=0A= val =3D contentType.indexOf('CHARSET=3D');=0A= if (val !=3D -1) {=0A= charset =3D contentType.substring(val);=0A= }=0A= val =3D charset.indexOf(';');=0A= if (val !=3D -1) {=0A= charset =3D charset.substring(0, val);=0A= }=0A= val =3D charset.indexOf(',');=0A= if (val !=3D -1) {=0A= charset =3D charset.substring(0, val);=0A= }=0A= return charset;=0A= };=0A= this.abort =3D function() {=0A= this._aborted =3D true;=0A= };=0A= this.getAllResponseHeaders =3D function() {=0A= return this.getAllResponseHeader('*');=0A= };=0A= this.getAllResponseHeader =3D function(header) {=0A= var ret =3D '';=0A= for (var i =3D 0; i < this._headers.length; i++) {=0A= if (header =3D=3D '*' || this._headers[i].h =3D=3D header) {=0A= ret +=3D this._headers[i].h + ': ' + this._headers[i].v + '\n';=0A= }=0A= }=0A= return ret;=0A= };=0A= this.getResponseHeader =3D function(header) {=0A= var ret =3D getAllResponseHeader(header);=0A= var i =3D ret.indexOf('\n');=0A= if (i !=3D -1) {=0A= ret =3D ret.substring(0, i);=0A= }=0A= return ret;=0A= };=0A= this.setRequestHeader =3D function(header, value) {=0A= this._headers[this._headers.length] =3D {h:header, v:value};=0A= };=0A= this.open =3D function(method, url, async, user, password) {=0A= this.method =3D method;=0A= this.url =3D url;=0A= this._async =3D true;=0A= this._aborted =3D false;=0A= this._headers =3D [];=0A= if (arguments.length >=3D 3) {=0A= this._async =3D async;=0A= }=0A= if (arguments.length > 3) {=0A= opera.postError('XMLHttpRequest.open() - user/password not = supported');=0A= }=0A= this.readyState =3D 1;=0A= if (this.onreadystatechange) {=0A= this.onreadystatechange();=0A= }=0A= };=0A= this.send =3D function(data) {=0A= if (!navigator.javaEnabled()) {=0A= alert("XMLHttpRequest.send() - Java must be installed and = enabled.");=0A= return;=0A= }=0A= if (this._async) {=0A= setTimeout(this._sendasync, 0, this, data);=0A= // this is not really asynchronous and won't execute until the = current=0A= // execution context ends=0A= } else {=0A= this._sendsync(data);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= this._sendasync =3D function(req, data) {=0A= if (!req._aborted) {=0A= req._sendsync(data);=0A= }=0A= };=0A= this._sendsync =3D function(data) {=0A= this.readyState =3D 2;=0A= if (this.onreadystatechange) {=0A= this.onreadystatechange();=0A= }=0A= // open connection=0A= var url =3D new java.net.URL(new = java.net.URL(window.location.href), this.url);=0A= var conn =3D url.openConnection();=0A= for (var i =3D 0; i < this._headers.length; i++) {=0A= conn.setRequestProperty(this._headers[i].h, this._headers[i].v);=0A= }=0A= this._headers =3D [];=0A= if (this.method =3D=3D 'POST') {=0A= // POST data=0A= conn.setDoOutput(true);=0A= var wr =3D new = java.io.OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), this._getCharset());=0A= wr.write(data);=0A= wr.flush();=0A= wr.close();=0A= }=0A= // read response headers=0A= // NOTE: the getHeaderField() methods always return nulls for me :(=0A= var gotContentEncoding =3D false;=0A= var gotContentLength =3D false;=0A= var gotContentType =3D false;=0A= var gotDate =3D false;=0A= var gotExpiration =3D false;=0A= var gotLastModified =3D false;=0A= for (var i =3D 0; ; i++) {=0A= var hdrName =3D conn.getHeaderFieldKey(i);=0A= var hdrValue =3D conn.getHeaderField(i);=0A= if (hdrName =3D=3D null && hdrValue =3D=3D null) {=0A= break;=0A= }=0A= if (hdrName !=3D null) {=0A= this._headers[this._headers.length] =3D {h:hdrName, = v:hdrValue};=0A= switch (hdrName.toLowerCase()) {=0A= case 'content-encoding': gotContentEncoding =3D true; break;=0A= case 'content-length' : gotContentLength =3D true; break;=0A= case 'content-type' : gotContentType =3D true; break;=0A= case 'date' : gotDate =3D true; break;=0A= case 'expires' : gotExpiration =3D true; break;=0A= case 'last-modified' : gotLastModified =3D true; break;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= // try to fill in any missing header information=0A= var val;=0A= val =3D conn.getContentEncoding();=0A= if (val !=3D null && !gotContentEncoding) = this._headers[this._headers.length] =3D {h:'Content-encoding', v:val};=0A= val =3D conn.getContentLength();=0A= if (val !=3D -1 && !gotContentLength) = this._headers[this._headers.length] =3D {h:'Content-length', v:val};=0A= val =3D conn.getContentType();=0A= if (val !=3D null && !gotContentType) = this._headers[this._headers.length] =3D {h:'Content-type', v:val};=0A= val =3D conn.getDate();=0A= if (val !=3D 0 && !gotDate) this._headers[this._headers.length] = =3D {h:'Date', v:(new Date(val)).toUTCString()};=0A= val =3D conn.getExpiration();=0A= if (val !=3D 0 && !gotExpiration) = this._headers[this._headers.length] =3D {h:'Expires', v:(new = Date(val)).toUTCString()};=0A= val =3D conn.getLastModified();=0A= if (val !=3D 0 && !gotLastModified) = this._headers[this._headers.length] =3D {h:'Last-modified', v:(new = Date(val)).toUTCString()};=0A= // read response data=0A= var reqdata =3D '';=0A= var stream =3D conn.getInputStream();=0A= if (stream) {=0A= var reader =3D new java.io.BufferedReader(new = java.io.InputStreamReader(stream, this._getCharset()));=0A= var line;=0A= while ((line =3D reader.readLine()) !=3D null) {=0A= if (this.readyState =3D=3D 2) {=0A= this.readyState =3D 3;=0A= if (this.onreadystatechange) {=0A= this.onreadystatechange();=0A= }=0A= }=0A= reqdata +=3D line + '\n';=0A= }=0A= reader.close();=0A= this.status =3D 200;=0A= this.statusText =3D 'OK';=0A= this.responseText =3D reqdata;=0A= this.readyState =3D 4;=0A= if (this.onreadystatechange) {=0A= this.onreadystatechange();=0A= }=0A= if (this.onload) {=0A= this.onload();=0A= }=0A= } else {=0A= // error=0A= this.status =3D 404;=0A= this.statusText =3D 'Not Found';=0A= this.responseText =3D '';=0A= this.readyState =3D 4;=0A= if (this.onreadystatechange) {=0A= this.onreadystatechange();=0A= }=0A= if (this.onerror) {=0A= this.onerror();=0A= }=0A= }=0A= };=0A= };=0A= }=0A= // ActiveXObject emulation=0A= if (!window.ActiveXObject && window.XMLHttpRequest) {=0A= window.ActiveXObject =3D function(type) {=0A= switch (type.toLowerCase()) {=0A= case 'microsoft.xmlhttp':=0A= case 'msxml2.xmlhttp':=0A= case 'msxml2.xmlhttp.3.0':=0A= case 'msxml2.xmlhttp.4.0':=0A= case 'msxml2.xmlhttp.5.0':=0A= return new XMLHttpRequest();=0A= }=0A= return null;=0A= };=0A= }=0A= ------=_NextPart_000_0039_01CB00F0.C37273C0 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/javascript/ajax/utility.js /************************************************************************= *****=0A= * javascript/ajax/utility.js=0A= *=0A= * Utility functions for working with XMLHttpRequest data.=0A= *=0A= * Copyright 2006 Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior = University.=0A= = *************************************************************************= ***/=0A= =0A= /*=0A= * Copy XML nodes into an HTMLElement. This effectively=0A= * clones XML markup which uses XHTML naming conventions=0A= * into an HTML DOM.=0A= */=0A= function copy_xml_to_html(src, dst) {=0A= if (src.nodeType =3D=3D 1) { /* Node.ELEMENT_NODE */=0A= var e =3D document.createElement(src.nodeName);=0A= for (var i =3D 0; i < src.childNodes.length; i++) {=0A= copy_xml_to_html(src.childNodes[i], e);=0A= }=0A= for (var i =3D 0; i < src.attributes.length; i++) {=0A= var n =3D src.attributes[i].name;=0A= var v =3D unescape_xml_string(src.attributes[i].value); =0A= e.setAttribute(n, v);=0A= if (n =3D=3D "class") {=0A= e.className =3D v;=0A= }=0A= else if (n =3D=3D "style") {=0A= set_css_style(v, e, "");=0A= }=0A= }=0A= dst.appendChild(e);=0A= }=0A= else if (src.nodeType =3D=3D 3) { /* Node.TEXT_NODE */=0A= dst.appendChild(document.createTextNode(src.nodeValue));=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= /* =0A= * It is unclear that this is the right thing to be calling=0A= * from copy_xml_to_html, but it appears that Safari decides=0A= * to convert & to the NCR #, and then encodes that=0A= * NCR to &%26%2338;. So, I'm going to treat the DOM Attr=0A= * value as a plain string, and run our XML string input=0A= * through the decoding routine below.=0A= */=0A= function unescape_xml_string(s) {=0A= return s.replace(/'/g, "'")=0A= .replace(/'/g, "'")=0A= .replace(/"/g, "\"")=0A= .replace(/"/g, "\"")=0A= .replace(/>/g, ">")=0A= .replace(/>/g, ">")=0A= .replace(/</g, "<")=0A= .replace(/</g, "<")=0A= .replace(/&/g, "&")=0A= .replace(/&/g, "&");=0A= }=0A= =0A= /*=0A= * Parse set of CSS rules and apply them to an element.=0A= * This is quite horrifying, but I'm unable to determine=0A= * how else to handle this with IE 6. FireFox and other=0A= * sane browsers let you simply set the style attribute=0A= * or use e.style.setProperty(rule, value, priority),=0A= * IE 6 appears to have neither of these capabilities..=0A= */=0A= function set_css_style(css, e, priority) {=0A= var rules =3D css.split(";");=0A= for (var i =3D 0; i < rules.length; i++) {=0A= var nvpair =3D rules[i].split(":");=0A= if (nvpair.length =3D=3D 2) {=0A= try {=0A= var name =3D nvpair[0]; /* style attribute */=0A= var value =3D nvpair[1]; /* attribute value */=0A= =0A= /*=0A= * For each possible style attribute, set the=0A= * appropriate style property in the element.=0A= */=0A= if (name =3D=3D "background") {=0A= e.style.background =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "background-attachment") {=0A= e.style.backgroundAttachment =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "background-color") {=0A= e.style.backgroundColor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "background-image") {=0A= e.style.backgroundImage =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "background-position") {=0A= e.style.backgroundPosition =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "background-position-x") {=0A= e.style.backgroundPositionX =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "background-position-y") {=0A= e.style.backgroundPositionY =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "background-repeat") {=0A= e.style.backgroundRepeat =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "behavior") {=0A= e.style.behavior =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border") {=0A= e.style.border =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-bottom") {=0A= e.style.borderBottom =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-bottom-color") {=0A= e.style.borderBottomColor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-bottom-style") {=0A= e.style.borderBottomStyle =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-bottom-width") {=0A= e.style.borderBottomWidth =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-collapse") {=0A= e.style.borderCollapse =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-color") {=0A= e.style.borderColor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-left") {=0A= e.style.borderLeft =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-left-color") {=0A= e.style.borderLeftColor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-left-style") {=0A= e.style.borderLeftStyle =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-left-width") {=0A= e.style.borderLeftWidth =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-right") {=0A= e.style.borderRight =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-right-color") {=0A= e.style.borderRightColor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-right-style") {=0A= e.style.borderRightStyle =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-right-width") {=0A= e.style.borderRightWidth =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-style") {=0A= e.style.borderStyle =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-top") {=0A= e.style.borderTop =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-top-color") {=0A= e.style.borderTopColor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-top-style") {=0A= e.style.borderTopStyle =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-top-width") {=0A= e.style.borderTopWidth =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "border-width") {=0A= e.style.borderWidth =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "bottom") {=0A= e.style.bottom =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "clear") {=0A= e.style.clear =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "clip") {=0A= e.style.clip =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "color") {=0A= e.style.color =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "cssText") {=0A= e.style.Sets =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "cursor") {=0A= e.style.cursor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "direction") {=0A= e.style.direction =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "display") {=0A= e.style.display =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "font") {=0A= e.style.font =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "font-family") {=0A= e.style.fontFamily =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "font-size") {=0A= e.style.fontSize =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "font-style") {=0A= e.style.fontStyle =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "font-variant") {=0A= e.style.fontVariant =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "font-weight") {=0A= e.style.fontWeight =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "height") {=0A= e.style.height =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "ime-mode") {=0A= e.style.imeMode =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "layout-flow") {=0A= e.style.layoutFlow =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "layout-grid") {=0A= e.style.layoutGrid =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "layout-grid-char") {=0A= e.style.layoutGridChar =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "layout-grid-line") {=0A= e.style.layoutGridLine =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "layout-grid-mode") {=0A= e.style.layoutGridMode =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "layout-grid-type") {=0A= e.style.layoutGridType =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "left") {=0A= e.style.left =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "letter-spacing") {=0A= e.style.letterSpacing =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "line-break") {=0A= e.style.lineBreak =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "line-height") {=0A= e.style.lineHeight =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "list-style") {=0A= e.style.listStyle =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "list-style-image") {=0A= e.style.listStyleImage =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "list-style-position") {=0A= e.style.listStylePosition =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "list-style-type") {=0A= e.style.listStyleType =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "margin") {=0A= e.style.margin =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "margin-bottom") {=0A= e.style.marginBottom =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "margin-left") {=0A= e.style.marginLeft =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "margin-right") {=0A= e.style.marginRight =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "margin-top") {=0A= e.style.marginTop =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "min-height") {=0A= e.style.minHeight =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "overflow") {=0A= e.style.overflow =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "overflow-x") {=0A= e.style.overflowX =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "overflow-y") {=0A= e.style.overflowY =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "padding") {=0A= e.style.padding =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "padding-bottom") {=0A= e.style.paddingBottom =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "padding-left") {=0A= e.style.paddingLeft =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "padding-right") {=0A= e.style.paddingRight =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "padding-top") {=0A= e.style.paddingTop =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "page-break-after") {=0A= e.style.pageBreakAfter =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "page-break-before") {=0A= e.style.pageBreakBefore =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "pixelBottom") {=0A= e.style.pixelBottom =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "pixelHeight") {=0A= e.style.pixelHeight =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "pixelLeft") {=0A= e.style.pixelLeft =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "pixelRight") {=0A= e.style.pixelRight =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "pixelTop") {=0A= e.style.pixelTop =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "pixelWidth") {=0A= e.style.pixelWidth =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "posBottom") {=0A= e.style.posBottom =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "posHeight") {=0A= e.style.posHeight =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "position") {=0A= e.style.position =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "posLeft") {=0A= e.style.posLeft =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "posRight") {=0A= e.style.posRight =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "posTop") {=0A= e.style.posTop =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "posWidth") {=0A= e.style.posWidth =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "right") {=0A= e.style.right =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "ruby-align") {=0A= e.style.rubyAlign =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "ruby-overhang") {=0A= e.style.rubyOverhang =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "ruby-position") {=0A= e.style.rubyPosition =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "scrollbar-3dlight-color") {=0A= e.style.scrollbar3dLightColor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "scrollbar-arrow-color") {=0A= e.style.scrollbarArrowColor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "scrollbar-base-color") {=0A= e.style.scrollbarBaseColor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "scrollbar-darkshadow-color") {=0A= e.style.scrollbarDarkShadowColor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "scrollbar-face-color") {=0A= e.style.scrollbarFaceColor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "scrollbar-highlight-color") {=0A= e.style.scrollbarHighlightColor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "scrollbar-shadow-color") {=0A= e.style.scrollbarShadowColor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "scrollbar-track-color") {=0A= e.style.scrollbarTrackColor =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "float") {=0A= e.style.styleFloat =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "table-layout") {=0A= e.style.tableLayout =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "text-align") {=0A= e.style.textAlign =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "text-align-last") {=0A= e.style.textAlignLast =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "text-autospace") {=0A= e.style.textAutospace =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "text-decoration") {=0A= e.style.textDecoration =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "textDecorationBlink") {=0A= e.style.textDecorationBlink =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "textDecorationLineThrough") {=0A= e.style.textDecorationLineThrough =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "textDecorationNone") {=0A= e.style.textDecorationNone =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "textDecorationOverline") {=0A= e.style.textDecorationOverline =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "textDecorationUnderline") {=0A= e.style.textDecorationUnderline =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "text-indent") {=0A= e.style.textIndent =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "text-justify") {=0A= e.style.textJustify =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "text-kashida-space") {=0A= e.style.textKashidaSpace =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "text-overflow") {=0A= e.style.textOverflow =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "text-transform") {=0A= e.style.textTransform =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "text-underline-position") {=0A= e.style.textUnderlinePosition =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "top") {=0A= e.style.top =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "unicode-bidi") {=0A= e.style.unicodeBidi =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "vertical-align") {=0A= e.style.verticalAlign =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "visibility") {=0A= e.style.visibility =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "white-space") {=0A= e.style.whiteSpace =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "width") {=0A= e.style.width =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "word-break") {=0A= e.style.wordBreak =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "word-spacing") {=0A= e.style.wordSpacing =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "word-wrap") {=0A= e.style.wordWrap =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "writing-mode") {=0A= e.style.writingMode =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "z-index") {=0A= e.style.zIndex =3D value;=0A= }=0A= else if (name =3D=3D "zoom") {=0A= e.style.zoom =3D value;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= catch (e) {=0A= /* ignore error on attempt to set e.style.[property] */=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= ------=_NextPart_000_0039_01CB00F0.C37273C0 Content-Type: application/octet-stream Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/javascript/entrez/callback.js /************************************************************************= *****=0A= * javascript/entrez/callback.js=0A= *=0A= * Entrez Linking callback to populate content box.=0A= *=0A= * Copyright 2006 Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior = University.=0A= = *************************************************************************= ***/=0A= =0A= /*=0A= * Execute callback to fill content box with Entrez Linking information.=0A= */=0A= function entrez_callback(pmid, callback_url) {=0A= /*=0A= * MSIE 5.5 and below have issues with the JavaScript=0A= * used for Entrez Linking. For now we have to disable=0A= * the callback until we can track down a proper fix=0A= * (or everybody sanely upgrades to version 6 or 7!).=0A= */=0A= if (navigator) {=0A= var appname =3D navigator.appName;=0A= if (appname =3D=3D "Microsoft Internet Explorer") {=0A= var userAgent =3D navigator["userAgent"];=0A= var s =3D "MSIE ";=0A= var n =3D -1; =0A= if ((n =3D userAgent.indexOf(s)) !=3D -1) {=0A= var v =3D parseFloat(userAgent.substring(n+s.length));=0A= if (v < 6) {=0A= return;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= /*=0A= * Acquire table row element to update, initiate callback=0A= * to update table with Entrez Links.=0A= */=0A= var tr =3D document.getElementById('entrez_callback_'+pmid);=0A= if (!tr) {=0A= return;=0A= }=0A= var req =3D new XMLHttpRequest();=0A= if (!req) {=0A= return;=0A= }=0A= req.onreadystatechange =3D function() {=0A= if (req.readyState =3D=3D 4 && (req.status =3D=3D 200 || req.status = =3D=3D 304)) {=0A= var src =3D req.responseXML.documentElement;=0A= var dst =3D document.createDocumentFragment();=0A= for (var i =3D 0; i < src.childNodes.length; i++) {=0A= copy_xml_to_html(src.childNodes[i], dst);=0A= }=0A= var tbl =3D tr.parentNode;=0A= tbl.replaceChild(dst, tr);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= req.open('GET', callback_url, true);=0A= req.send(null);=0A= }=0A= ------=_NextPart_000_0039_01CB00F0.C37273C0--