From: Subject: Knowledge of dendritic cells branches out Date: Sat, 13 May 2006 13:28:59 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C67691.30F6E460" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2869 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C67691.30F6E460 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-05/ra-kod050706.php Knowledge of dendritic cells branches out

Public = release date:=20 8-May-2006
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Contact: Brad Allen
61-39-345-2345
Research = Australia

Knowledge of dendritic cells branches out

A new type of cell that generates crucial = cells of the=20 immune system has been discovered at The Walter and Eliza Hall = Institute. With=20 this new knowledge, medical researchers can begin to consider the = development of=20 customized immune therapies using this new cell to target specific = infections=20 such as HIV, malaria and influenza; certain cancers; and even autoimmune = diseases.=20

Dendritic cells (or "DC" ) are specialised white blood cells that = patrol the=20 body, searching for infections. DC seize and then internally break apart = any=20 infectiousorganisms that they find. These fragments are then presented = on the=20 waving branches or "dendrites" of the DC to activate the immune system's = killer=20 T cells. These activated T cells then eliminate the existing infection = and=20 resist any future attack by memorizing that infection.=20

DC also have an important educative role to play in preventing = autoimmune=20 diseases, such as type 1 diabetes and Multiple Sclerosis, where the = body's=20 immune system mistakes "self " for "foreign " and launches an attack. = Since DC=20 are central to many immune responses, they are potential targets for the = development of new immune therapies.=20

Since their discovery in the US in 1975, it has been known that DC, = like=20 other white blood cells, develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. = Exactly how=20 that process happens has been a mystery =96 until now. Using a mouse = model, PhD=20 student Shalin Naik, group leader Professor Ken Shortman and a team of=20 colleagues at The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute have discovered the = different=20 " precursors " that produce DC. In doing so, they have also determined = that the=20 practical operations of DC are more specialized than previously = believed. Rather=20 than being generalized "police "within the body, it seems that DC are=20 effectively organized as specialized squads that deal with specific = problems =96=20 just as a police force might have different departments to deal with = armed=20 robberies, homicides and fraud. These discoveries at WEHI have = profoundly=20 altered our understanding of this important aspect of the immune system. =

The research received advance online publication on the Nature = Immunology=20 website on 7 May 2006.=20

###

The authors of the paper are Professor Ken Shortman, Professor Don = Metcalf,=20 Professor Ian Wicks, Dr Li Wu, Dr Meredith O'Keefe, Dr Annemarie van=20 Nieuwenhuijze and Mr Shalin Naik.=20

Further information: contact Brad Allan, WEHI Communications Manager: = Tel +61=20 393 452 345 or +61 403036116.=20

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(screen.width-w)/2 : 0;=0A= TopPosition =3D 10;=0A= settings =3D=0A= = 'height=3D'+h+',width=3D'+w+',top=3D'+TopPosition+',left=3D'+LeftPosition= +',scrollbars=3D'+scroll+',resizable,menubar'=0A= win =3D window.open(mypage,myname,settings)=0A= if(win.window.focus){win.window.focus();}=0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= self.onerror =3D function() {=0A= =0A= return true;=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= function di(id,name){=0A= =0A= if (document.images) {document.images[id].src=3Deval(name+".src"); }=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= // function that displays status bar message=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= function dm(msgStr) {=0A= =0A= document.returnValue =3D false;=0A= =0A= if (document.images) { =0A= =0A= window.status =3D msgStr;=0A= =0A= document.returnValue =3D true;=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= var showMsg =3D navigator.userAgent !=3D "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE = 4.0; Mac_PowerPC)";=0A= =0A= function dmim(msgStr) {=0A= =0A= document.returnValue =3D false;=0A= =0A= if (showMsg) { =0A= =0A= window.status =3D msgStr;=0A= =0A= document.returnValue =3D true;=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= // function that will load the bubble with URL, opening the bubble if = necessary (one bubble per page)=0A= =0A= function loadBubble(URL) {=0A= self.name =3D "scipix";=0A= SciBubble =3D window.open(URL, window.name+'bubble', = 'toolbar=3D0,location=3D0,directories=3D0,status=3D0,scrollbars=3Dyes,res= izable=3Dyes,width=3D430,height=3D350'); =0A= SciBubble.focus();=0A= =0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= // function that will load full size popup with URL, opening the bubble = if necessary (one bubble per page)=0A= =0A= function loadRepak(URL) {=0A= self.name =3D "scipix";=0A= SciBubble =3D window.open(URL, window.name+'RePak', = 'toolbar=3D0,location=3D0,directories=3D0,status=3D0,scrollbars=3Dyes,res= izable=3Dyes,width=3D580,height=3D420'); =0A= SciBubble.focus();=0A= =0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= // function that safely closes the bubble=0A= =0A= function closeBubble() {=0A= =0A= if ((SciBubble !=3D undefined) && (SciBubble.close !=3D undefined)) {=0A= =0A= SciBubble.close();=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= // function that (re)opens a navpop with URL (one navpop per page)=0A= =0A= function loadNavPop(URL) {=0A= =0A= HHMINavPop =3D window.open(URL, window.name+'navpop', = 'toolbar=3D0,location=3D0,directories=3D0,status=3D0,scrollbars=3D1,resiz= able=3Dno,width=3D340,height=3D420'); =0A= =0A= HHMINavPop.focus();=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= // function that safely loads and focuses on the main window with URL=0A= =0A= function loadMain(URL) {=0A= =0A= if (window.opener) {=0A= =0A= window.opener.location =3D URL;=0A= =0A= window.opener.focus();=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C67691.30F6E460--