| 1: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2004 Oct;25(9):1575-82. |
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Abnormal hippocampal development in children with
medulloblastoma treated with risk-adapted irradiation.
Nagel BJ, Palmer SL, Reddick WE, Glass JO, Helton KJ, Wu S, Xiong X, Kun
LE, Gajjar A, Mulhern RK.
Division of Behavioral Medicine, St Jude Children's Research Hospital,
Memphis, TN, USA.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Children with medulloblastoma demonstrate
post-treatment neurocognitive deficits in a number of areas, including
memory performance. However, there is no definitive understanding of the
neuropathology underlying these functional deficits. Previous literature has
reported that hippocampal integrity is crucial to the acquisition of new
episodic memories. Therefore, we hypothesized that longitudinal hippocampal
volume measurements are abnormal in patients with medulloblastoma and
thereby provide a possible substrate for explaining memory dysfunction.
METHODS: Twenty-five pediatric patients underwent 159 serial MR imaging
examinations (mean = six examinations per patient) for up to 5 years after
irradiation and chemotherapy treatment for medulloblastoma. Right and left
hippocampal volumes were obtained by manually tracing 1.5-mm contiguous
coronal sections through the structure. Random coefficient models were used
to examine longitudinal change in hippocampal volume as a function of time
after diagnosis. RESULTS: Both right and left hippocampal volumes initially
decreased after treatment. This abnormal volume pattern continued until
approximately 2-3 years after diagnosis, when hippocampal volumes returned
toward a normal positive growth pattern. Volume loss occurred predominately
in the posterior regions. Female sex, low parental education, shunt
placement, and positive seizure history all had a significant negative
impact on hippocampal volume. CONCLUSION: Pediatric medulloblastoma
survivors demonstrate an abnormal pattern of hippocampal volume development
after treatment. Radiation dose mapping may expand our understanding of
region-specific changes in hippocampal volume. Further exploration of the
relationships between radiation therapy, memory dysfunction, and hippocampal
pathology in this population is warranted. Copyright American Society of
Neuroradiology
PMID: 15502141 [PubMed - in process]
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| 2: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2004 Oct;25(9):1533-7. |
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Glioblastoma multiforme causing calvarial destruction: an
unusual manifestation revisited.
Gheyi V, Hui FK, Doppenberg EM, Todd W, Broaddus WC.
Department of Radiology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA, USA.
This report describes invasion of overlying calvaria and soft tissues by a
high-grade glioma without macroscopic evidence of dural involvement. The
initial radiologic examinations demonstrated a heterogeneous mass in the
right frontoparietal region with both extra- and intra-axial components.
Inward displacement of the adjacent dura initially prompted consideration
for extra-axial lesions such as metastatic lesions, lymphoma, or an
aggressive meningioma. The pathologic findings demonstrated a glial cell
origin. Copyright American Society of Neuroradiology
PMID: 15502132 [PubMed - in process]
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| 3: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2004 Oct;25(9):1524-32. |
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Characterization of a first-pass gradient-echo spin-echo
method to predict brain tumor grade and angiogenesis.
Schmainda KM, Rand SD, Joseph AM, Lund R, Ward BD, Pathak AP, Ulmer JL,
Baddrudoja MA, Krouwer HG.
Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: No widespread clinical method provides specific
information about the angiogenic characteristics of gliomas. We
characterized blood volume and vascular morphologic parameters from combined
gradient-echo (GE) and spin-echo (SE) MR imaging and assessed their
relationship to tumor grade, a known correlate of glioma angiogenesis.
METHODS: Simultaneous GE and SE echo-planar imaging was performed with bolus
gadolinium administration (0.20-0.25 mmol/kg) in 73 patients with glioma. To
diminish possible T1 changes due to contrast agent extravasation, a preload
(0.05-0.10 mmol/kg) was administered before the study, and a postprocessing
correction algorithm was applied. Image maps of total (GE) and microvascular
(SE) relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and the mean vessel diameter
(mVD) calculated from the ratio of GE and SE relaxation rate changes
(DeltaR2*/DeltaR2) were compared with tumor grade. A nonparametric K
nearest-neighbor decision rule was applied to determine if the combined data
could be used to distinguish low-grade (I-II) from high-grade (III-IV)
tumors on a per-patient basis. RESULTS: For whole tumors, significant
correlations were found between GE rCBV and grade (P < .0001) and between
mVD and grade (P = .0001) but not between SE rCBV and grade (P = .08). For
areas of highest SE rCBV (microvascular hotspots), SE rCBV and tumor grade
were significantly correlated (P = .0007). In terms of differentiation, 69%
of low-grade tumors and 96% of high-grade tumors were correctly classified.
CONCLUSION: Combined GE and SE MR imaging provides information consistent
with neoplastic angiogenesis, demonstrating its potential to aid in
optimizing treatments, categorizing lesions, and influencing patient care.
Copyright American Society of Neuroradiology
PMID: 15502131 [PubMed - in process]
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| 4: Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2004 Nov;128(11):e141-5. |
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Chordoid glioma: clinicopathologic profile and
differential diagnosis of an uncommon tumor.
Buccoliero AM, Caldarella A, Gallina P, Di Lorenzo N, Taddei A, Taddei
GL.
Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, Medical School, University of
Florence, Florence, Italy. ambuccoliero@unifi.it
Chordoid glioma is an uncommon low-grade brain neoplasm arising in the third
ventricular region, predominantly in middle-aged women. It
characteristically shows chordoma-like histologic features and glial
fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity. We present a case of chordoid
glioma in a previously healthy 56-year-old woman admitted to our hospital
because of a cranial trauma subsequent to an incidental fall. Radiologic
examinations revealed a well-demarcated, partially cystic, enhancing mass at
the level of the lamina terminalis. The lesion was surgically removed. The
patient remained alive and well 8 months after the surgery. Histologically,
the tumor consisted of clusters and cords of epithelioid cells embedded in a
mucinous matrix. Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates and Russell bodies were
prominent. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for glial
fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilaments, and neuron-specific enolase,
suggesting a divergent neuronal and glial differentiation. The Ki-67 index
was low. The clinicopathologic profile and the differential diagnosis of
this tumor are discussed.
PMID: 15504076 [PubMed - in process]
 http://arpa.allenpress.com/pdfserv/10.1043/1543-2165(2004)128<e141:CGCPAD>2.0.CO;2
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| 5: Cancer. 2004 Oct 1;101(7):1644-54. |
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Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of first
primary tumors of the central nervous system and related organs among atomic
bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1958-1995.
Yonehara S, Brenner AV, Kishikawa M, Inskip PD, Preston DL, Ron E,
Mabuchi K, Tokuoka S.
Department of Pathology and Research Laboratory, Welfare Association
Onomichi General Hospital, Japan.
BACKGROUND: Analysis conducted in the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic
bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki found a significant dose-related
excess of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and the pituitary
gland. The objective of the current study was to evaluate clinical and
epidemiologic characteristics of first primary tumors of the CNS and the
pituitary gland in this cohort and to compare them with characteristics
among other populations. METHODS: CNS and pituitary gland tumors that were
diagnosed between 1958 and 1995 among 80,160 LSS cohort members were
ascertained through Hiroshima and Nagasaki tumor registries, autopsy
reports, and other sources. Pathologists reviewed all available records and
slides to verify histologic diagnoses. Poisson regression analysis was used
to model background incidence rates allowing for radiation effects. RESULTS:
Meningioma was the most common tumor among clinically diagnosed tumors,
followed by neuroepithelial tumor, schwannoma, and pituitary tumor. The
overall incidence of these tumors increased initially with age but declined
among the elderly. For all age groups and for both genders, incidence
increased over time. By contrast, when tumors diagnosed at autopsy were
included, incidence rose continuously with age and was stable over time.
CONCLUSIONS: The main characteristics of CNS and pituitary gland tumors
diagnosed in the LSS cohort were consistent with the characteristics of
"spontaneous" tumors observed in other population-based studies.
The predominance of meningiomas over neuroepithelial tumors in the Japanese
population was noteworthy and warrants further investigation. The secular
rise in incidence of all clinically diagnosed CNS and pituitary gland tumors
is most likely to be attributable to the increased use of new imaging
techniques. (c) 2004 American Cancer Society.
PMID: 15378499 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 6: J Clin Oncol. 2004 Nov 1;22(21):4282-9. |
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Phase II Study of Fenretinide (NSC 374551) in Adults With
Recurrent Malignant Gliomas: A North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study.
Puduvalli VK, Yung WK, Hess KR, Kuhn JG, Groves MD, Levin VA, Zwiebel J,
Chang SM, Cloughesy TF, Junck L, Wen P, Lieberman F, Conrad CA, Gilbert MR,
Meyers CA, Liu V, Mehta MP, Nicholas MK, Prados M.
Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer
Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston TX 77030; e-mail:
vpuduval@mdanderson.org.
PURPOSE Fenretinide induces apoptosis in malignant gliomas in vitro. This
two-stage phase II trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of
fenretinide in adults with recurrent malignant gliomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS
Twenty-two patients with anaplastic gliomas (AG) and 23 patients with
glioblastoma (GBM) whose tumors had recurred after radiotherapy and no more
than two chemotherapy regimens were enrolled. Fenretinide was given orally
on days 1 to 7 and 22 to 28 in 6-week cycles in doses of 600 or 900 mg/m(2)
bid. Results Six of 21 (29%) patients in the AG arm and two of 23 (9%)
patients in the GBM arm had stable disease at 6 months. One patient with AG
treated at 900 mg/m(2) bid dosage had a partial radiologic response. Median
progression-free survival (PFS) was 6 weeks for the AG arm and 6 weeks for
the GBM arm. PFS at 6 months was 10% for the AG arm and 0% for the GBM arm.
Grade 1 or 2 fatigue, dryness of skin, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia were the
most frequent toxicities reported. The trial was closed after the first
stage because of the inadequate activity at the fenretinide doses used. The
first-administration mean plasma C(max) for fenretinide was 832 +/- 360
ng/mL at the 600 mg/m(2) bid dosage and 1,213 +/- 261 ng/mL at the 900
mg/m(2) bid dosage. CONCLUSION Fenretinide was inactive against recurrent
malignant gliomas at the dosage used in this trial. However, additional
studies using higher doses of the agent are warranted based on the
tolerability of the agent and the potential for activity of a higher
fenretinide dosage, as suggested in this trial.
PMID: 15514370 [PubMed - in process]
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| 7: Neurology. 2004 May 25;62(10):1885-7. |
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Response of relapsed or refractory primary central
nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) to topotecan.
Fischer L, Thiel E, Klasen HA, Kirchen H, Jahnke K, Korfel A.
Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Transfusion Medicine, Klinikum
Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universitat Berlin, Germany.
lfischer@zedat.fu-berlin.de
The authors treated 16 immunocompetent patients with refractory or relapsed
primary CNS lymphoma with topotecan. Fifteen patients had been pretreated
with up to three chemotherapy regimens, three of them additionally with
whole brain irradiation (WBI), and one with WBI alone. Four complete
remissions and two partial remissions were achieved. Progression-free
survival was 20% at 6 months and 13% at 12 months.
Publication Types:
PMID: 15159503 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 8: Neurology. 2004 May 25;62(10):1882-4. |
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L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and brain malignant tumors:
a predisposing condition?
Moroni I, Bugiani M, D'Incerti L, Maccagnano C, Rimoldi M, Bissola L,
Pollo B, Finocchiaro G, Uziel G.
Department of Child Neurology, National Neurological Institute C. Besta,
Milan, Italy.
L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a rare metabolic encephalopathy displaying a
subcortical leukoencephalopathy on MRI. Diagnosis rests on detection of an
abnormal accumulation of L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid in body fluids. The
authors report on four patients who developed a malignant brain tumor during
the course of the disease. This association points to a possible role of
L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria in predisposing to brain tumorigenesis.
Publication Types:
- Case Reports
- Review
- Review of Reported Cases
PMID: 15159502 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 9: Neurology. 2004 May 25;62(10):1875-8. |
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A new SPG4 mutation in a variant form of spastic
paraplegia with congenital arachnoid cysts.
Orlacchio A, Gaudiello F, Totaro A, Floris R, St George-Hyslop PH,
Bernardi G, Kawarai T.
Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
a.orlacchio@hsantalucia.it
The clinical and genetic findings are described for 16 patients from a large
Italian family with a variant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia and
congenital arachnoid cysts inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. A
molecular study has revealed a novel missense mutation, T614I, in exon 17 of
SPG4, which may play a role in both focal cortical dysgenesis and
neurodegeneration of the motor neurons in the corticospinal tract.
PMID: 15159500 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 10: Neurology. 2004 May 25;62(10):1783-7. |
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Long-term outcome of oligodendrogliomas.
Lebrun C, Fontaine D, Ramaioli A, Vandenbos F, Chanalet S, Lonjon M,
Michiels JF, Bourg V, Paquis P, Chatel M, Frenay M; Nice Brain Tumor Study
Group.
Department of Neurology, Hopital Pasteur, Nice, France.
christine.lebrun-frenay@wanadoo.fr
BACKGROUND: Favorable prognostic factors for oligodendroglial tumors include
age younger than 40 years, low tumor grade, and extent of resection.
OBJECTIVE: To assess survival time and prognostic factors of 100 patients
with oligodendrogliomas diagnosed between 1995 and 2002. METHODS: The tumors
were rated histologically by the WHO classification as low grade (grade II)
or anaplastic (grade III). One hundred patients were categorized into three
groups: group A: grade II, group B: secondary grade III (low grade with
anaplastic transformation during the follow-up), group C: de novo grade III.
All patients were symptomatic at presentation and underwent neurosurgical
procedure for histologic diagnosis. Follow-up was performed with clinical
assessment, brain MRI, and MIBI scintigraphy. RESULTS: There were 66 men and
34 women (mean age at diagnosis 46.7 years). The most common first symptom
was partial epileptic seizure (75%). Fifty-six patients had initial
gadolinium enhancement (A: 15.6%; B: 36.8% as grade II, 95% as grade III; C:
90%), generally associated with MIBI hypermetabolism (p < 0.0001).
Survival rates at 2, 5, and 10 years were A: 88%, 88%, 85%; B: 79%, 64%,
42%; C: 43%, 16%, 15%. CONCLUSIONS: Secondary anaplastic oligodendroglioma
patients were younger than patients with de novo anaplastic
oligodendrogliomas. Histologic confirmation is mandatory because some low
grade oligodendrogliomas had gadolinium enhancement on MRI and some
anaplastic did not. Survival time was longer for secondary than for de novo
anaplastic oligodendrogliomas without difference in the duration of the
malignant phase of the disease.
PMID: 15159478 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 11: Neurosurgery. 2004 Nov;55(5):1194-1204. |
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Systematic Comparison of Dendritic Cell-based
Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Malignant Gliomas: In Vitro Induction of
Cytolytic and Natural Killer-like T Cells.
Parajuli P, Mathupala S, Sloan AE.
Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University and Barbara Ann Karmanos
Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of various immunotherapeutic strategies
of loading dendritic cells (DCs) with whole-glioma cell antigens and
characterize the effector responses induced. METHODS: DCs were either fused
with major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched glioma cells (Fusion) or
pulsed with apoptotic tumor cells (DC/Apo), total tumor ribonucleic acid
(RNA) (DC/RNA), or tumor lysate (DC/Lys). These tumor-DC preparations were
then assessed for their phenotype, cytokine profile, and capacity to
stimulate autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro.
Phenotype and tumor-specific cytolytic activities of various effector cell
populations were characterized and compared. RESULTS: The various tumor-DC
preparations exhibited similar phenotype and cytokine profiles irrespective
of the method of loading tumor-cell antigens. However, the fusion, DC/Apo,
and DC/RNA induced superior tumor cytolytic activities in PBMCs compared
with DC/Lys or DC and tumor controls. DC/Apo induced the greatest expansion
of tumor-specific lymphocytes, as detected by trypan blue exclusion and
thymidine incorporation assays. Flow cytometric analyses also revealed the
highest relative percentages of T helper cells (CD3(+)CD4(+)), cytotoxic T
lymphocytes (CTLs) (CD3(+)CD8(+)), and natural killer (NK)-like T cells
(CD3(+)CD56(+)) in the DC/Apo group among all the groups studied, indicating
that DC/Apo induced expansion of PBMCs bearing multiple T and NK cell
markers. Interestingly, isolated NK-like T cells demonstrated significantly
higher tumor cytotoxicity compared with CTLs isolated from the same groups
and was also non-MHC-restricted. CONCLUSION: Apoptotic tumor cells may be an
optimal source of whole-tumor-cell antigen for immunotherapy of gliomas. The
study also demonstrates for the first time that both CTLs and NK-like T
cells are expanded and stimulated by mature, tumor-pulsed DCs.
PMID: 15509326 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 12: Neurosurgery. 2004 Nov;55(5):1163-1173. |
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Loss of Heterozygosity Analysis of Benign, Atypical, and
Anaplastic Meningiomas.
Lee JY, Finkelstein S, Hamilton RL, Rekha R, King JT Jr, Omalu B.
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
OBJECTIVE: Up to 70% of typical meningiomas demonstrate allelic loss at
chromosome 22q. Allelic loss at additional chromosomal loci is associated
with atypia and anaplasia in meningiomas. The pattern of allelic loss or
loss of heterozygosity (LOH) follows a nonrandom, multistep pattern.
METHODS: All surgical meningioma samples obtained from 1991 to 1992 at the
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center were analyzed according to current
World Health Organization criteria. Samples without constitutional
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were excluded from this analysis. Individual
hematoxylin and eosin slides from 43 patients were microdissected, and the
DNA was harvested and amplified in the presence of 24 pairs of polymerase
chain reaction primers, representing 24 microsatellite loci. The polymerase
chain reaction products were subjected to capillary gel electrophoresis and
a fluorescence-based DNA analysis system. LOH was defined as ratios of
allelic peak heights falling within a conservative threshold of less than
0.5 or more than 2.0. Fisher's exact test and receiver operator
characteristic curves were used to test the relationship between benign
versus atypical and malignant pathological features and LOH at specific loci
or combinations of loci. RESULTS: On review by two independent pathologists,
34 benign meningiomas, 6 atypical meningiomas, and 3 anaplastic meningiomas
were identified. The mean number of alleles with LOH was 1.5 +/- 1.2 for
benign meningiomas, 6.7 +/- 2.7 for atypical meningiomas, and 8.3 +/- 2.3
for anaplastic meningiomas (P < 0.001). The most important individual
loci to predict malignancy were D1S407 (P = 0.006), L-myc (P < 0.001),
D10S520 (P = 0.003), D10S1173 (P = 0.042), D11S1920 (P < 0.001), D14S555
(P = 0.041), D17S1289 (P < 0.001), D22S417 (P = 0.001), D22S431 (P =
0.019), and D22S532 (P = 0.028). Combining the LOH data across loci, the
area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.993,
corresponding to virtually perfect prediction of pathological
characteristics. CONCLUSION: Microsatellite marker analysis of allelic loss
is a useful method of predicting atypia and anaplasia in meningiomas. More
regions of allelic loss are seen in anaplastic and atypical meningiomas as
compared with benign meningiomas. This study confirms previously reported
chromosomal regions of allelic loss in atypical and anaplastic meningiomas
and suggests additional chromosomal regions that may represent heretofore
uncharacterized deletions within meningiomas. This type of genetic
fingerprint ultimately may serve both a diagnostic and therapeutic role.
PMID: 15509323 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 13: Neurosurgery. 2004 Nov;55(5):1076-1085. |
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Linear Accelerator Radiosurgery in the Treatment of Brain
Metastases.
Ulm AJ, Friedman WA, Bova FJ, Bradshaw P, Amdur RJ, Mendenhall WM.
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
OBJECTIVE: To review a 12-year experience treating metastatic brain disease
with linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). METHODS: We
performed a retrospective analysis of all patients treated between 1989 and
2001 with linear accelerator radiosurgery for brain metastases. Patients
were followed up both clinically and with imaging studies to document local
control, regional control, and survival. Demographic data, dosing
parameters, number of lesions, histology, history of whole-brain radiation
therapy, and other factors were obtained prospectively. Cox
proportional-hazards regression with multivariate and univariate analysis
was performed with Stata 8.0 software. RESULTS: A total of 383 patients
received SRS for brain metastases during the study interval. Median survival
was 9 months. Patients with tumor-type melanoma or multiple metastatic
lesions had decreased survival. Actuarial 1-year local control was 75%.
Differences in regional control rates were not statistically significant
between patients treated with SRS and whole-brain radiation therapy versus
SRS alone. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery is an effective and safe method for
treating selected patients with brain metastases.
PMID: 15509314 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 14: Neurosurgery. 2004 Nov;55(5):1068-1075. |
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Proposed Treatment Strategy for Cavernous Sinus
Meningiomas: A Prospective Study.
Maruyama K, Shin M, Kurita H, Kawahara N, Morita A, Kirino M D T.
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
OBJECTIVE: To establish a safe and effective treatment strategy for
cavernous sinus (CS) meningiomas, we prospectively analyzed the outcome of a
treatment protocol combining surgery and radiosurgery during the past 7
years. METHODS: Tumors confined to the CS and distant from the optic
apparatus and the brainstem were treated with radiosurgery alone. Tumors
attached to or compressing the optic apparatus and brainstem and that were
larger than 3 cm in mean diameter, extended into the multiple cranial
fossae, and were suspected of being malignant were treated with combined
nonradical microsurgery and radiosurgery. RESULTS: In accordance with this
treatment protocol, 40 patients aged 26 to 72 years (median, 51 yr) with
primary (n = 27) or recurrent (n = 13) CS meningiomas (volume range,
0.9-39.3 cm(3); median volume, 5.4 cm(3)) were treated with combined surgery
and radiosurgery (n = 23) or radiosurgery alone (n = 17). During
radiosurgery, 12 to 18 Gy (median, 16 Gy) was delivered to the tumor margin.
The follow-up period ranged from 14 to 79 months (median, 47 mo). The
actuarial tumor control rate was 94.1% at 5 years. The improvement of
cranial nerve function was significantly frequent in patients with primary
CS meningiomas (P < 0.05). Permanent cranial nerve dysfunction was
significantly frequent in patients with tumors compressing the brainstem or
smaller than 10 cm(3) (P < 0.05). All 36 patients with a pretreatment
Karnofsky Performance Scale score of 90 or more maintained the same range
after treatment. CONCLUSION: Proper combination of microsurgery and
radiosurgery for CS meningiomas provides excellent growth control with
favorable functional state. Outcomes were better when this protocol was
adopted at the initial diagnosis for patients with smaller tumors that did
not compress the brainstem.
PMID: 15509313 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Volume 3, Supplement 11 - 2 November 2004